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Lexical retrieval requires selecting and retrieving the most appropriate word from the lexicon to express a desired concept. Few studies have probed lexical retrieval with tasks other than picture naming, and when non-picture naming lexical retrieval tasks have been applied, both convergent and divergent results emerged. The presence of a single construct for auditory and visual processes of lexical retrieval would influence cognitive rehabilitation strategies for patients with aphasia. In this study, we perform support vector regression lesion-symptom mapping using a brain tumor model to test the hypothesis that brain regions specifically involved in lexical retrieval from visual and auditory stimuli represent overlapping neural systems. We find that principal components analysis of language tasks revealed multicollinearity between picture naming, auditory naming, and a validated measure of word finding, implying the existence of redundant cognitive constructs. Nonparametric, multivariate lesion-symptom mapping across participants was used to model accuracies on each of the four language tasks. Lesions within overlapping clusters of 8,333 voxels and 21,512 voxels in the left lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) were predictive of impaired picture naming and auditory naming, respectively. These data indicate a convergence of heteromodal lexical retrieval within the PFC.

AbstractIntrinsic brain tumors often occur within functional neural networks, leading to neurological impairment and disability of varying degrees. Advances in our understanding of tumor-network integration, human cognition and language processing, and multiparametric imaging, combined with refined intraoperative tumor resection techniques, have enhanced surgical management of intrinsic brain tumors within eloquent areas. However, cognitive symptoms impacting health-related quality of life, particularly processing speed, attention, concentration, working memory, and executive function, often persist after the postoperative recovery period and treatment. Multidisciplinary cognitive rehabilitation is the standard of care for addressing cognitive impairments in many neurological diseases. There is promising research to support the use of cognitive rehabilitation in adult brain tumor patients. In this review, we summarize the history and usefulness of postacute cognitive rehabilitation for adult brain tumor patients.

Background. Individuals in the outpatient public health setting with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke experience ongoing symptoms with diminished quality of life. Research suggests that yoga and mindfulness can be helpful in addressing these symptoms. However, little is known about the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of using virtually deployed integrative approaches in public health for TBI and stroke. Methods: The participants were medically and psychiatrically stable outpatients with TBI and stroke survivors and/or caregivers. The 6-week “LoveYourBrain” yoga program was adapted for virtual delivery. Participants and program facilitators provided pre- and post-quantitative and qualitative feedback to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of the program. Data analysis was conducted with mean satisfaction scores and qualitative content analysis. Results. Among 46 participants who were registered over 13 months, 35 participated in at least one out of six sessions (TBI=21, stroke=9, caregiver=5); 23 participants completed at least four sessions. Participants with TBI were younger (mean age: 47 years) than caregivers (mean age: 64 years). Among the participants, 63% were one to five years post-injury. Overall participant satisfaction was rated 9.16 out of 10. Facilitator satisfaction was also high, 9.0 out of 10 (SD-0.71). Minimal adverse events were noted, and only one participant required study outreach without injury. Content analysis themes revealed five themes: physical and mental health, ease of participation, resilience, and community. Conclusions: A novel virtual yoga and mindfulness program for TBI and stroke in the public health setting was found to be feasible, acceptable, and safe. This program showed promise for addressing chronic symptom burden and improving the quality of life. Further investigation is warranted.

Despite the fact that patients with mild traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are commonly encountered in clinical practice, there are numerous myths surrounding their diagnosis, assessment, and outcome. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the more common myths related to mild TBI including: (a) there is no Miserable Minority; (b) meta-analytic studies have proven that patients with mild TBI do not experience persistent deficits; (c) personality tests can reliably capture psychological problems in patients with a mild TBI; (d) findings from the sports concussion literature can be directly applied to clinical patients; and (e) in the absence of loss of consciousness, the diagnosis of a mild TBI is uncertain.

Over the last 20 years, the Courts and the legal community have increasingly relied on neuropsychologists to provide opinions, guidance, and expertise in the area of brain–behavior relationships. The purpose of this article is to review issues neuropsychologists commonly face when asked to evaluate cases with suspected mild traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in the civil or criminal legal context. In particular, we will discuss: (a) the neuropsychologist’s role in TBI forensic cases, (b) the attorney’s role in forensic TBI cases, (c) a neuropsychological framework to approach forensic mild TBI cases, (d) establishing working relationships with attorneys, (e) the Daubert and Frye standards, (f) symptom validity, (g) ethical issues, and (h) recommendations to improve the ecological validity of our tests and encourage test developers to provide alternate forms of tests.

The lack of cross-cultural guidance, inadequate clinician training, pervasive Euro-American clinician demographics, client racial diversity, apathetic state licensing boards, numerous reports of ethnic/minority psychotherapy underutilization, therapist intolerance and increased premature termination rates of cross-cultural clients has led researchers to suspect that clinicians are not competent enough to work with clients who are culturally different from them. First, this dissertation focused on investigating whether clinicians continue to provide psychotherapy to cross-cultural clients, regardless of their competence to do so. Secondly, this dissertation focused on whether multicultural competency predicted clinician cross-cultural ethical awareness. Lastly, this study explored whether clinician cross-cultural comfort and concern related to their level of multicultural competency. One-hundred and five private practice licensed psychologists, 45 (42.9%) male and 60 (57.1%) female, participated in this study. There was not a significant correlation between the amount of cross-cultural clientele and multicultural competence. MCKAS scores are not predictive of the frequency of multicultural ethical dilemmas. Other factors such as the year licensed, frequency of cross-cultural clients, clinician race, frequency of cultural consultation, amount of cultural psychology graduate classes and continuing education, and discomfort and concern with their ability to provide psychotherapy to cross-cultural clients is much more predictive of the frequency of multicultural ethical dilemmas. The frequency of cross-cultural clients, as well as, frequency of cultural consultation significantly predicted multicultural ethical dilemmas. Implications for future research are discussed.

The IAAP Handbook of Applied Psychology, an up-to-date and authoritative reference, provides a critical overview of applied psychology from an international perspective. * Brings together articles by leading authorities from around the world * Provides the reader with a complete overview of the field and highlights key research findings * Divided into three parts: professional psychology, substantive areas of applied psychology, and special topics in applied psychology * Explores the challenges, opportunities, and potential future developments in applied psychology * Features comprehensive coverage of the field, including topics as diverse as clinical health psychology, environmental psychology, and consumer psychology

CapacityCapacity to make one’s own medical decisions is an issue commonly encountered in the inpatient setting when working with the traumatically injured. In this chapter, the authors present a case of a man with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) to highlight a neuropsychological formulation approach for determining capacity, provide a framework to think through clinical capacity questions, and to raise practical suggestions to implement recommendations. Ethical implicationsEthical implications regarding decisional capacity, outcome of the case after he left the hospital, and reflections about lessons learned and limitations are also discussed.

This chapter contains sections titled: A Brief History of Neuropsychology Cognitive Domains Emotional Functioning Reasons for Neuropsychological Testing Referrals Future Direction for Neuropsychology Qualifications for Becoming a Neuropsychologist Summary and Conclusions References