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"White, Paul"
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The PKK : coming down from the mountains
Charting the ideological evolution of the PKK, as well as its origins, aims and structure, Paul White provides the only authoritative and up-to-date analysis of one of the most important non-state political players in the contemporary Middle East.
Book
Evaluating the performance of automated detection systems for long-term monitoring of delphinids in diverse marine soundscapes
There is an increasing reliance on passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) as a cost-effective method for monitoring cetaceans, necessitating robust and efficient automated tools for extracting species presence. This work compares two methods, one based on the ‘off-line’ analysis of raw PAM data, using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), and the second based on in-situ detections, implemented within the C-POD. The C-POD is a rapid, low-cost choice for monitoring of odontocetes, while CNNs, requiring large efforts to train, are gaining traction within bioacoustics as they offer performance benefits above standard detection and classification tools. This work represents the first empirical comparison of a C-POD with a system using a CNN on recorded raw acoustic data for monitoring delphinids. The comparison is based on 3000 hours of PAM data, collected off the west coast of Scotland, using a collocated C-POD and SoundTrap acoustic recorder. Results show that the system using a CNN achieves an overall accuracy of 0.82, and an effectiveness (F1-Score) of 0.78 as a click detector, whilst the C-POD achieves scores of 0.71 and 0.62, respectively. The method employing a CNN provides a lower missed detection rate, with the C-POD failing to detect > 90% delphinid positive hours at one focal site. However, the C-POD offered a lower false-positive rate across all analysis sites. This work highlights the importance of incorporating the right automated tools for long-term species monitoring, as the C-POD offers high precision rates for click detections, while the CNN based system provides a robust approach to identifying seasonal and diurnal trends in long-term dolphin occurrence.
Journal Article
Masking noise reduces the anti-predator-like response to an acoustic stimulus: Application of Signal Detection Theory to fish behaviour
In studies of animal cognition, the influence of background masking noise on responses to any particular stimulus are often overlooked. In fish, there is little understanding of their response to targeted acoustic stimuli in the presence of high intensity (Sound Pressure Levels) environmental masking noise commonly experienced in the wild. In a controlled laboratory study, Signal Detection Theory was used to investigate coarse (startles) and fine-scale (swimming speed, group cohesion and alignment) responses of common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) to pulsed tonal signals (170 Hz) differing in their signal-to-noise ratio (low, intermediate, or high) above either background ambient, or masking noise (fixed intensity Gaussian white noise: 120–3000 Hz). In comparison to independent control groups, fish exhibited a startle response, reduced their average swimming speed, increased group cohesion, and became more aligned at the onset of tonal stimuli under ambient noise. Signal discriminability was reduced under the masking noise conditions, with coarse-scale behavioural responses largely absent, and fine-scale responses suppressed but positively related to signal-to-noise ratio. This study enhances understanding of the potential ecological consequences of anthropogenically generated noise on the behaviour of fish and may help in the development of more effective environmental impact mitigation technologies, such as behavioural guidance systems, that use sound to induce avoidance.
Journal Article
Remimazolam - Can it become a cost-effective alternative to propofol for intravenous anesthesia and sedation?
Since the introduction of propofol into clinical practice in the late 1980's, there have been no major pharmacologic breakthroughs in intravenous anesthesia [1]. The recent prospective study by Choi and colleagues [5] compared remimazolam (6 mg/kg/h for induction followed by a maintenance infusion of 1–2 mg/kg/h) to propofol (using an effect-site,5 μg/mL, and target-controlled infusion of propofol, 2–6 μg/mL) for general anesthesia as part of a total IV anesthesia [TIVA] technique, a non-FDA approved indication for remimazolam in the USA. In summary, given the lack of clinically-significant advantages of remimazolam over midazolam or propofol, it is likely to be a niche drug for use in procedural sedation of elderly and high-risk patients in hospital and clinic facilities which lack adequate anesthesia coverage, as well as smaller clinics performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures requiring IV sedation without anesthesia personnel. The major obstacles to more widespread acceptance of remimazolam are related primarily to its high cost and need for reconstitution prior to IV administration. [...]a generic formulation becomes available, it is difficult
Journal Article
The 5 languages of appreciation in the workplace : empowering organizations by encouraging people
\"You appreciate your coworkers, but do they feel appreciated? In today's workplace it is crucial for employees to feel valued. But that's a challenge when you and your employees communicate appreciation differently. Dr. Gary Chapman and Dr. Paul White help you: elevate employee engagement by making your staff feel truly valued ; decrease turnover and increase loyalty with your employees and supervisors ; reduce cynicism and create a more positive work environment.
Book
Neurocognitive Treatment for a Patient with Alzheimer's Disease Using a Virtual Reality Navigational Environment
In this case study, a man at the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was enrolled in a cognitive treatment program based upon spatial navigation in a virtual reality (VR) environment. We trained him to navigate to targets in a symmetric, landmark-less virtual building. Our research goals were to determine whether an individual with AD could learn to navigate in a simple VR navigation (VRN) environment and whether that training could also bring real-life cognitive benefits. The results show that our participant learned to perfectly navigate to desired targets in the VRN environment over the course of the training program. Furthermore, subjective feedback from his primary caregiver (his wife) indicated that his skill at navigating while driving improved noticeably and that he enjoyed cognitive improvement in his daily life at home. These results suggest that VRN treatments might benefit other people with AD.
Journal Article
The vibrant workplace : overcoming the obstacles to building a culture of appreciation
\"It happens all the time: a leader reads a book or goes to a conference and learns great new ideas for their organization. But when they try to implement changes, nothing budges. Why? It's because work cultures are deeply rooted. Paul White knows this, and it's why he wrote 'The Resilient Workplace': to give workplace leaders a thorough understanding of the most common obstacles to change, plus the skills to overcome them.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Mass gatherings medicine: public health issues arising from mass gathering religious and sporting events
Mass gathering events are associated with major public health challenges. The 2014 Lancet Series on the new discipline of mass gatherings medicine was launched at the World Health Assembly of Ministers of Health in Geneva in May, 2014. The Series covered the planning and surveillance systems used to monitor public health risks, public health threats, and experiences of health-care providers from mass gathering events in 2012 and 2013. This follow-up Review focuses on the main public health issues arising from planned mass gathering events held between 2013 and 2018. We highlight public health and research data on transmission of infectious diseases and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, mass casualty incidents, and non-communicable diseases, including thermal disorders. In the events discussed in this Review, the combination of a large influx of people, many from countries with outbreak-prone infectious diseases, with a high degree of crowd interactions imposed substantial burdens on host countries' health systems. The detection and transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in pilgrims attending the Kumbh Mela and the Hajj raise concern of possible globalisation from mass-gathering religious events. Priorities for further investments and opportunities for research into prevention, surveillance, and management of these public health issues are discussed.
Journal Article