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"Whittle, Tina"
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Replication of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus DNA in Leaves and Suspension Culture Protoplasts of Cotton
Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) replicated in protoplasts and in inoculated leaves of the non-host, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, L.). Protoplasts prepared from suspension-cultured cotton cells were infected by incubation with liposome-encapsulated CaMV virions. During a 1-week culture period the amount of CaMV nucleic acid as detected by nucleic acid hybridization in the protoplasts increased significantly regardless of whether or not the protoplasts contained vacuoles. In leaves inoculated with CaMV virions or CaMV DNA, viral DNA sequences were found by leaf skeleton hybridization to be located in small circular areas. DNA extracted from ultracentrifugal pellets of homogenates of inoculated leaves contained circular, gapped CaMV DNA only when inocula contained CaMV virions, CaMV DNA, or partial nested dimer CaMV plasmid DNA. When plants had been heavily watered, the CaMV DNA recovered contained degraded CaMV DNA. The results suggest that the host range limitation for CaMV is not due to an inability to replicate or spread locally in inoculated leaves.
Journal Article
Beta-galactosidase activity in cultured cotton cells (Gossypium hirsutum L.): a comparison between cells growing on sucrose and lactose
Cotton callus and suspension cultures developed from a cotton variety susceptible to Xanthomonas malvacearum (E. F. Sm.) Dow, were grown on chemically defined media that contained one of the carbohydrate sources: 3% sucrose, 3% lactose, 3% maltose, 3% fructose, and 3% glucose. All cells were maintained on a medium with sucrose as the carbohydrate and subsequently transferred to media containing the above carbohydrates. Sucrose was the best carbon source for a high growth rate; however, cells growing on glucose, which was almost as good as sucrose, and cells growing on lactose did not turn brown when they reached the stationary phase of growth. A crude extract from callus tissue growing on lactose had a fivefold increase in β-galactosidase [EC 3.21.23] activity as compared with the extract from callus tissue growing on sucrose. When callus tissue growing on lactose was transferred to medium containing sucrose, β-galactosidase activity decreased to the level as measured in cells maintained on sucrose. Callus cells growing on a lactose medium showed staining when treated with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β-D-galactopyranoside in which very heavy granular stains appeared. Cells growing on sucrose did not show the histochemical staining. These observations suggest that β-galactosidase is induced in cotton callus tissue that has been transferred from a medium containing sucrose to a medium containing lactose.
Journal Article
The chiropractic school of novel writing
Writer William Diehl is a research junkie when he writes. Diehl explains how he avoids too many facts in his writing and gets down to the spine of the story.
Magazine Article
Preoperative opioid use and postoperative pain associated with surgical readmissions
The extent of preoperative opioid utilization and the relationship with pain-related readmissions are not well understood.
VA Surgical Quality Improvement Program data on general, vascular, and orthopedic surgeries (2007–2014) were merged with pharmacy data to evaluate preoperative opioid use and pain-related readmissions. Opioid use in the 6-month preoperative period was categorized as none, infrequent, frequent, and daily.
In the six-month preoperative period, 65.7% had no opioid use, 16.7% had infrequent use, 6.3% frequent use, and 11.4% were daily opioid users. Adjusted odds of pain-related readmission were higher for opioid-exposed groups vs the opioid-naïve group: infrequent (OR 1.17; 95% CI:1.04–1.31), frequent (OR 1.28; 95% CI:1.08–1.52), and daily (OR 1.49; 95% CI:1.27–1.74). Among preoperative opioid users, those with a pain-related readmission had higher daily preoperative oral morphine equivalents (mean 44.5 vs. 36.1, p < 0.001).
Patients using opioids preoperatively experienced higher rates of pain-related readmissions, which increased with frequency and dosage of opioid exposure.
•History of opioid use in the 6-month preoperative period was associated with higher rates of readmissions related to pain.•This association was dependent on the frequency and dosage of preoperative opioid exposure.•The risk for pain-related readmissions varied by surgical specialty.
Journal Article