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Significant temporal landmarks often involve high emotionality, thereby deeply imprinting within one’s autobiographical memory. In this study we explore the connection between anticipation, temporal landmarks, subjective passage of time and perceived wellbeing. We do this by conducting a three-stage mixed method study including qualitative thematic analysis, AI-assisted coding and analysis, and quantitative negative binomial multivariate analysis of the Past Fluency and Future Fluency reported events ( n = 73,244) provided by n = 1,113 participants across the six reported (future and past) temporal horizons (One Week, One Month, One Year) in the Blursday Database during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings show that participants state more past Temporal Landmarks compared with future, while the opposite is true for Utilitarian Activities. Key sex differences exist in men’s vs. women’s identification of Utilitarian Activities (greater future fluency), Temporal Landmarks (greater past fluency) and fewer Discretionary Activities listed for both past and future fluency. Statistically significant relationships are found with responses about stringency of lockdown restrictions and subjective assessments of confinement. Our study provides novel methodology and findings that demonstrate how engagement in anticipatory behaviour can be considered a type of time work , where an individual intentionally alters or customizes temporal experiences during times of reduced agency.

Because sexual attraction is a key driver of human mate choice and reproduction, we descriptively assess relative sex differences in the level of attraction individuals expect in the aesthetic, resource, and personality characteristics of potential mates. As a novelty we explore how male and female sexual attractiveness preference changes across age, using a dataset comprising online survey data for over 7,000 respondents across a broad age distribution of individuals between 18 and 65 years. In general, we find that both males and females show similar distribution patterns in their preference responses, with statistically significant sex differences within most of the traits. On average, females rate age, education, intelligence, income, trust, and emotional connection around 9 to 14 points higher than males on our 0–100 scale range. Our relative importance analysis shows greater male priority for attractiveness and physical build , compared to females, relative to all other traits. Using multiple regression analysis, we find a consistent statistical sex difference (males relative to females) that decreases linearly with age for aesthetics , while the opposite is true for resources and personality , with females exhibiting a stronger relative preference, particularly in the younger aged cohort. Exploring non-linearity in sex difference with contour plots for intelligence and attractiveness across age (mediated by age) indicates that sex differences in attractiveness preferences are driven by the male cohort (particularly age 30 to 40) for those who care about the importance of age, while intelligence is driven by females caring relatively more about intelligence for those who see age as very important (age cohort 40 to 55). Overall, many of our results indicate distinct variations within sex at key life stages, which is consistent with theories of selection pressure. Moreover, results also align with theories of parental investment, the gender similarities hypothesis, and mutual mate choice–which speaks to the fact that the broader discipline of evolutionary mate choice research in humans still contains considerable scope for further inquiry towards a unified theory, particularly when exploring sex-difference across age.

Because the global shortage of blood and organ donors across all medical markets is a serious concern for health care provision, we aim in this study to better understand decisions (not) to participate in these two forms of medical donation, which can save or prolong another's life. Using unique responses from over 1,000 online survey respondents, we compare the reasons given for the donation decision given by blood and/or registered organ donors versus non-donors. To do so, we categorize responses based on five dimensions of language choice: egocentric (referring to self), social, moral, positively emotional, and negatively emotional. Our results reveal statistically significant differences between blood donors and non-donors in the use of all five categories. With respect to organ donation, we find statistically significant differences between donors and non-donors in the use of social, moral and positive emotional terms but not in the use of egocentric or negatively emotional justifications. Such results suggest that the 'gift of life' terminology used universally to market to potential blood and organ donors may only be relevant in the blood donation market and unlikely to incentivize or change organ donation behaviour.

Background With over 2 million grafts performed annually, bone ranks second only to blood in the frequency of transplants. This high demand is primarily driven by the persistent challenges posed by bone defects, particularly following trauma or surgical interventions such as tumour excision. The demand for effective and efficient treatments has increased exponentially in the twenty-first century. Limitations associated with autologous bone grafts drive exploration into replacements, including allografts, synthetic substitutes, and 3D-printed scaffolds. This research aimed to unravel disparities in the knowledge and evaluation of current and future bone defect treatments between surgeons and biomaterial scientists. Methods A prospective cross-sectional survey, pre-registered with the OSF ( https://osf.io/y837m/?view_only=fab29e24df4f4adf897353ac70aa3361 ) and conducted online from October 2022 to March 2023, collected data on surgeons’ views ( n  = 337) and scientists ( n  = 99) on bone defect treatments. Results Scientists were significantly more optimistic than surgeons regarding the future replacement of autologous bone grafts with synthetic or tissue-engineered substitutes ( p  < 0.001). Accordingly, scientists foresee a paradigm shift from autologous bone grafts to biomaterial and tissue-engineered solutions, reflecting their confidence in the ongoing advancements within this field. Furthermore, regulatory trepidations for 3D-printed bone scaffolds were acknowledged, with scientists emphasizing the need for a more significant focus on clinical relevance in preclinical studies and regulatory clarity. In a ranked categorical assessment, witnessing the technology in action was deemed most influential in adopting new bone regeneration methods by both scientists and surgeons. Conclusions To conclude, this study was conducted through a web-based survey, highlighting a substantial translational gap. It underscores the immediate need (“call to action”) for meaningful interdisciplinary collaboration between surgeons and scientists, often referred to as the need to “walk the talk”. The findings underscore the critical importance of aligning clinical needs, research outcomes, and regulatory frameworks to improve the development and implementation of biomaterial-based bone graft substitutes that demonstrate efficacy and efficiency in bone defect treatment.

Leveraging the inherent connection people have with nature through the implementation of biophilic design principles is not new. Research has documented how the incorporation of natural finishings (including timber), daylight and greenery can boost workers’ creativity, productivity whilst curbing stress. Despite the body of work, a recent meta-analysis of 49 studies shows that there is a prevalence of (i) confounding factors, (ii) university students as the primary demography and (iii) limited use of quantitative methods to analyse data. This study contributes to this knowledge gap by exploring the effect of timber-rich workplaces on occupant perceived productivity and health. By concentrating on timber, a material of great prevalence within Australian workplaces, this study illustrates the feasibility quantitative methods when investigating the biophilic design effects on people whilst testing a mixed-method blueprint for experiments to be conducted in workplaces. To do this a novel mixed-method pilot study of quantitative survey and biomarkers (i.e. hair cortisol) was deployed in a real-world field experiment setting that included ( n  = 23) office worker participants working in and then moving from a concrete office space to a timber-rich office space. Results indicate that, following the move, participants reported higher comfort, well-being, and productivity. Analysis of our cortisol data showed lower average stress levels after moving to the timber rich setting (before Mean = 317.200 pg/mg or log(5.33) and three months after Mean = 286.421 pg/mg or log(5.23). That is, office workers had lower cortisol (i.e. lower stress levels) after moving from the concrete office space into the timber office space. Our study provides preliminary quantitative evidence that timber-rich environments provide a viable means to positively influence occupant wellbeing, comfort and productivity. That said, based on the studies small sample size and other limitations the authors caution generalizability of key findings relating to any observable changes. Rather, as the prevalence of timber rich workplaces increases in construction, this study should be seen as a first of its kind pilot study and opportunity for future research into office worker wellness and productivity.

In emergency medicine, triage decisions are critical for ensuring patient safety and optimizing resource usage. Such decisions involve a complex interplay of rational and analytical thinking, combined with an intuitive and humanistic approach. However, the influence of cognitive biases on triage decisions remains poorly understood. Between February 20 and June 27, 2023, we conducted an online scenario-based survey with 78 triage-competent Registered Nurses in the emergency department at Princess Alexandra Hospital in Australia. Co-designed with nurse educators and nursing academics, the survey included domains covering demographic information, tailored diagnostic tests to capture the presence of cognitive biases and risk-taking behavior, and six vignettes requiring triage using the Australasian Triage Scale. Logistic mixed-effects and multivariate Poisson regression models were performed to identify the influence of cognitive biases and risk-taking behavior on triage decision accuracy. We identified negative framing bias (82.5 %), anchoring bias (82 %), and availability bias (62.8 %) as the most prevalent cognitive biases among triage nurses. After adjusting for age, sex, education, and triage work experience, no statistically significant associations were observed between cognitive biases or risk-taking behavior and triage accuracy. This indicates that cognitive biases may have a limited influence on well-trained nurses. However, age, sex, and triage work experience were found to be significant predictors of inaccurate triaged decisions. Our study provides preliminary evidence that cognitive biases and risk-taking behavior are not associated with triage accuracy among well-experienced and trained emergency triage nurses. Further research is required to fully understand the impact of cognitive biases on emergency triage decisions.

ObjectiveThe aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the association between health anxiety and self-triage decisions among emergency department non-urgent patients.DesignCross-sectional single-centre studySettingEmergency department in the Princess Alexandra Hospital in Brisbane, AustraliaParticipantsBetween 13 December 2022 and 30 August 2023, an exhaustive recruitment strategy was deployed to recruit 400 patients. Eligible participants were patients aged 18 years or above who belonged to the Australasian Triage Scale category four or five (non-urgent), were physically and mentally capable of participating in the study and presented to the emergency department between 6:00 a.m. and 23:00 p.m. during the study period.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was accurately self-triaged decisions, while the secondary outcome was inaccurately self-triaged decisions, including both overtriaged and undertriaged decisions. Self-triage decisions were assessed using six hypothetical medical scenarios.ResultsRegression results revealed that health anxiety was not associated with accurately self-triaged decisions. However, compared with non-urgent patients exhibiting no health anxiety, those in the third and fourth quartiles (the upper two quartiles) of the Whiteley Index-6 were expected to make 0·29 (95% CI 0·09 to 0·50) and 0·25 (95% CI 0·07 to 0·44) more overtriaged decisions (mean=0·42; SD=0·71), respectively. In contrast, negative associations between health anxiety and undertriaged decisions were observed. Subgroup analyses by age showed statistically significant associations between health anxiety and inaccurately self-triaged decisions among the older adult patient group (aged 35–79 years). Moreover, analyses stratified by sex revealed that female and male patients in the fourth quartile of the Whiteley Index-6 were expected to make 0·26 (95% CI 0·02 to 0·49) and 0·27 (95% CI 0·05 to 0·48) more overtriaged decisions, respectively, compared with those with no health anxiety.ConclusionsOur results suggest no significant association between health anxiety and accurately self-triaged decisions. In contrast, health anxiety was associated with inaccurately self-triaged decisions. This implies that patients with health anxiety overestimate the need for healthcare and therefore could substantially impact the misuse of health services, particularly emergency departments.

Mating and labor markets are fundamental drivers of societal dynamics. Yet, equity of access to these domains differs between the sexes due to numerous biological, economic, psychological, and socio-cultural factors. These inequalities and their impacts can accentuate perceptions, preferences, and behaviors of males and females in different ways. Utilizing a large cross-sectional sample of those currently engaged in the Australian mating market (n = 1072 online daters), we explored the impact of sex and individual differences on the perceptions of men's ease of access to a decent job in the labor market (opportunity), women's economic dependence on men (economic inequality), and relative reproductive opportunity (dating access) for both sexes. Our study identifies both sex differences and symmetries in socio-economic factors (such as education level and having offspring) correlating with the perceptions of both economic and dating market access for Australian online daters. Additionally, key resource endowment indicators (income and unemployment) also reflect differences in both sexes’ perceptions of both access and gender equity. That said, our study finds that perceptions of access to both (economic and mating) markets shows far greater variation based on biological age (especially for women) than any other factor.

BackgroundPatient engagement in the design, planning and delivery of education can lead to improved outcomes, patient experience, and better use of resources. We aimed to co-design the key elements of two new academic programmes in partnership with the Young People’s Forum.MethodsA focus group involving 20 young persons was held using workshop activities to explore the feelings, attitudes, and opinions of young people in relation to the design of postgraduate education and their participation in aspects of work-based learning and assessment.ResultsThe key emergent themes were: The young people reported an understanding of their necessity to be involved in the training of healthcare professionals but suggested they could have more involvement in agreeing to when and how this happens.They felt our programmes should include strong elements of general paediatrics, as well as a focus on specialist training. Young persons reported this to be important in ensuring the delivery of safe, effective, and holistic care.Suggested teaching topics related largely to communication, particularly communicating with adolescents, and how this needs to differ to children. They also conveyed the benefits of having a greater understanding of shared decision making and respecting their individuality as part of their overall care.Importantly, some lived experiences indicated that staff were not always aware of legal issues such as consent and capacity, and therefore identified a need for this to be included in our training.They held no fixed views about which base professionals should be trained as an advanced clinical practitioner.They suggested using young people as ‘associate examiners’ as a possible assessment method.ConclusionAll emergent themes above have been considered in programme learning design. Using young people as ‘associate examiners’ is being explored for the first student intake, ensuring the patient voice continues to be represented throughout practitioner training.

Mass timber construction has recently gained popularity due to its outstanding environmental benefits and building performance, which hold revolutionary potential for the construction industry. However, its impacts from the perspective of occupants have not been thoroughly explored. This study introduces an innovative empirical approach that explores the potential benefits of mass timber construction for individuals and organizations, with an emphasis on the workplace. We review the conceptual framework regarding how visual and physical exposure to timber construction materials and finishes have a positive effect on individuals and organizations at a broad level. We propose a more holistic mixed-method behavioral approach to studying occupant behavior and well-being by integrating self-reported questionnaires, objective biomarkers (heart rate variability and hair cortisol), and indoor environmental quality (IEQ) measures. Our study offers a novel research primer on the exploration of mass timber construction impacts and benefits for both office workers and construction workers. Participants from different office settings completed pre- and post-occupancy evaluation surveys to assess their experiences, including IEQ satisfaction, productivity, and health. Office workers were located in three different offices: a controlled laboratory environment, an open-plan office, and an open-plan space with a timber interior. The construction workers worked in a timber space for three months and then moved to work in a building with a concrete structure. The analysis included descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and linear regression to compare differences between office settings and assess the relationship between environmental variables and overall satisfaction in IEQ, comfort, productivity, and health. In office workers, in terms of building image, thermal comfort, and artificial lighting, the data analysis revealed significant differences in occupants’ satisfaction levels between office settings. However, the low number of participants affected the results, and some factors were not found significant in relation to the office setting. Among tradespeople, there was no relationship between the building environment and productivity, health, or comfort. However, the results of hair cortisol testing indicated that working in a timber space can decrease the level of cortisol (stress) and have an impact on the productivity of workers. Such occupant’s perspective research is pivotal to informing policy makers, developers, business owners, construction professionals, timber industry stakeholders, environmentalists, and researchers in their decision-making processes. Fostering the future widespread adoption and advancement of mass timber construction.