Explore the vast range of titles available.

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) is one kind of plant from Indonesia which is producing oil. In vitro induction of tetraploid in Patchouli plant and cytological and morphological characterization were conducted. Induced polyploidy was done by culturing leaf explant on MS medium added with a varying concentration of colchicine. It was observed that colchicine on MS medium mostly affect to growth of explant and shoot regeneration. Tetraploid plants were determined by observation of chromosome number. The tetraploid plants have chromosome number (2n = 4x = 128), twice higher than those of diploid plants (2n = 2x = 64). The tetraploid plants exhibited much larger stomata size but less than diploid plants. The tetraploid plants also showed more glandular hairs than diploid plants. Significant different in morphological characters between the diploid and tetraploid plants were noted. Leaf size and stem diameter of the tetraploids plant are larger than the diploid plants. In this study, the tetraploids Patchouli have a promising potential as a superior variety.

The objective of this research was in vitro induction and identification of polyploidy plantlet of Amorphopallus muelleri Blume by colchicine treatment. In vitro shoot base explant of porang were cultured on MS medium containing in different concentrations of colchicine 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/L-1 for 4 weeks while the control was cultured on medium without colchicine. After 4 weeks, all colchicine treated and untreated explants were multiplied and regenerated into plantlet. Flow cytometry and chromosome count were employed to determine the ploidy level and chromosome number of the plantlet, respectively. Result showed that colchicine on media inhibited explant growth, shoot formation and plantlet regeneration. Increasing concentration of colchicine resulted in decreasing of the capacity of explant in shoot formation, the number of shoot and plantlet regeneration. Of 19 plantlets regenerated from colchicine-treated explant, 9 plantlets were mixoploid. Percentage of mixoploid plantlet regenerated treated explant with 30 mgL-1 colchicine were higher than 60 mgL-1 colchicine. Mixoploid plants are made up of mixed diploid, tetraploid and octoploid cells. Chromosome count confirmed that diploid cell of A. muelleri has 26 chromosomes and a colchicine-induced triploid and tetraploid cell has 39 and 54 chromosomes, respectively.

Indonesia needs to lower its high infectious disease rate. This requires reliable data and following their temporal changes across provinces. We investigated the benefits of surveying the epidemiological situation with the imax biclustering algorithm using secondary data from a recent national scale survey of main infectious diseases from the National Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) covering 34 provinces in Indonesia. Hierarchical and k-means clustering can only handle one data source, but BCBimax biclustering can cluster rows and columns in a data matrix. Several experiments determined the best row and column threshold values, which is crucial for a useful result. The percentages of Indonesia’s seven most common infectious diseases (ARI, pneumonia, diarrhoea, tuberculosis (TB), hepatitis, malaria, and filariasis) were ordered by province to form groups without considering proximity because clusters are usually far apart. ARI, pneumonia, and diarrhoea were divided into toddler and adult infections, making 10 target diseases instead of seven. The set of biclusters formed based on the presence and level of these diseases included 7 diseases with moderate to high disease levels, 5 diseases (formed by 2 clusters), 3 diseases, 2 diseases, and a final order that only included adult diarrhoea. In 6 of 8 clusters, diarrhea was the most prevalent infectious disease in Indonesia, making its eradication a priority. Direct person-to-person infections like ARI, pneumonia, TB, and diarrhoea were found in 4-6 of 8 clusters. These diseases are more common and spread faster than vector-borne diseases like malaria and filariasis, making them more important.

Rina Isnawati,* Widoretno Widoretno,* Didik Tulus Subekti* Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia *These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence: Widoretno Widoretno; Didik Tulus Subekti, Email [email protected]; [email protected] View the original paper by Mr Wondmagegn and colleagues A Response to Letter has been published for this article.

Microheaters are used in several applications, including medical diagnostics, synthesis, environmental monitoring, and actuation. Conventional microheaters rely on thin-film electrodes microfabricated in a clean-room environment. However, low-cost alternatives based on conductive paste electrodes fabricated using printing techniques have started to emerge over the years. Here, we report a surprising effect that leads to significant electrode performance improvement as confirmed by the thorough characterization of bulk, processed, and conditioned samples. Mixing silver ink and PVA results in the solubilization of performance-hindering organic compounds. These compounds evaporate during heating cycles. The new electrodes, which reach a temperature of 80 °C within 5 min using a current of 7.0 A, display an overall 42% and 35% improvement in the mechanical (hardness) and electrical (resistivity) properties compared to pristine silver ink electrodes. To validate our results, we use the composite heater to amplify and detect parasite DNA from Trypanosoma brucei, associated with African sleeping sickness. Our LAMP test compares well with commercially available systems, confirming the excellent performance of our nanocomposite heaters. Since their fabrication relies on well-established techniques, we anticipate they will find use in a range of applications.

Jiro Hasegawa Situmorang,1,2 Widoretno1 1Center for Biomedical Research, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia; 2Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan Correspondence: Jiro Hasegawa Situmorang, Center for Biomedical Research, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia, Email [email protected] View the original paper by Dr Siahaan and colleagues

This research aimed to induce in vitro and identify polyploidy plantlets of Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) after colchicine treatment. In vitro shoot base explants of porang were cultured on MS medium containing different colchicine concentrations of 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg/l for four weeks while the control was medium without colchicine. After four weeks, all treated and untreated explants were multiplied and regenerated into plantlets. Flow cytometry and chromosome count were employed to determine the plantlet’s ploidy level and chromosome number, respectively. The result showed that colchicine inhibited explant growth, shoot formation, and plantlet regeneration. Increasing colchicine concentration reduces the capacity of explant in shoot formation, the number of shoots and plantlet regeneration. Of 19 plantlets regenerated from colchicine-treated explants, nine plantlets were mixoploid. Percentage of mixoploid plantlet regenerated from treated explant with 30 mg/l colchicine was higher than 60 mg/l colchicine. Mixoploid plants are mixed diploid, tetraploid, and octoploid cells. Chromosome count confirmed that the diploid cell of A. muelleri has 26 chromosomes and a colchicine-induced triploid and tetraploid cell has 39 and 54 chromosomes, respectively.

This study examines environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques to detect and monitor threatened fish species in Indonesian waters. By analyzing 17 selected documents out of 284 papers and 310 metadata files, the study identified 30 Indonesian threatened fish species through eDNA technology which only assessed 8.5% of 352 threatened fish species in Indonesian waters based on Fishbase data, particularly in families such as Osphronemidae, Melanotaeniidae, Dasyatidae, Carcharhinidae, and Gobiidae. The paper discusses estimating fish abundance using eDNA analysis, including sample collection, eDNA concentration analysis, correlation with fish biomass, and field application. Challenges and limitations in estimating fish abundance through eDNA are addressed, such as misinterpretation, environmental factors, eDNA persistence, and sampling bias. The findings highlighted the potential of eDNA as a valuable tool for detecting and monitoring threatened fish species in Indonesian waters. However, further research and conservation efforts are needed in this area. By addressing the identified challenges and limitations, a better understanding of threatened fish populations can be gained, leading to effective conservation strategies and the long-term survival of these species in Indonesian waters.

Bioactive compounds are important components that the Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) needs to maintain its health. It is important to know the specific bioactive components contained in the fruit that Tapanuli orangutans eat and the effective solvents to provide up-to-date information about the content of the fruit they eat. This research uses the maceration method with ethanol and methanol solvents to determine the solvent that produces larger extracts as well as liquid chromatography-mass spectrum to analyze the bioactive component profiles of five types of fruit eaten by Tapanuli orangutans from Camp Mayang, North Sumatra. The research results showed that the ethanol solvent produced greater extracts and the five types of fruit were dominated by bioactive compounds dissolved in ethanol. The results of LC-MS/MS analysis of the ethanol extract showed that the specific bioactives that dominate the fruit eaten by Tapanuli orangutans are Campnosperma auriculatum, namely Triterpenoid (Oleanonic Acid), Agathis borneensis, namely Terpenoid (Cinerin I), Artocarpus heterophyllus , namely Steroid (Nandrolone), Castanopsis argantea, namely Terpenoid (Semiplenamide). A), and Aglaia tomentosa, namely Triterpenoids (Methyl Angolensate). The results showed that the five samples contained specific biological components that the Tapanuli orangutan could use as medicine