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"Wiesebron, Marianne"
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Brazil under the workers' party : continuity and change from Lula to Dilma
\"This edited collection interprets and assesses the transformation of Brazil under the Workers' Party. It addresses the extent of the changes the Workers' Party has brought about and examines how successful these have been, as well as how continuity and social change in Brazil have affected key domains of economy, society, and politics. Looking at the factors which drive transformation in a dynamic Brazilian society, this study offers a valuable insight into the paradoxes and debates which emerge when looking at Brazil as a changing country during the past twenty years\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Política Externa Independente, from Geisel to Lula
In the first decades of the 20th century, Brazil formed an 'unwritten alliance with the US. This changed when Brazilian governments began to focus on the country's national development and Washington did not give anything back for Brazil's loyalty. In 1961, Janio Quadros launched the concept of Politica Externa Independete, which really came into its own during the military regime, expecially during Geisel's government (1974-79). In the middle of the Cold War, Brazil developed many new bilateral and multilateral relationships, including with communist countries. Some of his predecessors had been more aligned with Washington, and are considered entreguistas, while those developing an independent policy are called nacionalistas. This pendulum movement does also happen in times of democratic regimes. Cardoso was much more aligned to Washington, especially during his first mandate, while Lula really put Brazil on the world map. OA
Journal Article
Legacies and repercussions of the military dictatorship in the Brazil of today : introduction
Since Dilma Rousseff was re-elected President of Brazil in 2014, the country has been extremely polarised as the opposition continues to find it difficult to accept its defeat. Waves of protest continue to rage against a range of issues from price increases and homophobic human rights abuses. Frustrated by the lack of a legal basis for implementing impeachment, a small group has been advocating the return of the military regime, forgetting the dangerous history of military governments in Latin America that incarcerated, tortured and murdered millions of people with impunity. This article discusses the rocky transition to a representative democracy and considers the possibility that it will fail in Brazil. OA
Journal Article
Competing for Integration
This study demonstrates why the global economy and global policies can only be understood by assigning equal importance to actors from different continents and international institutions. The contributors begin by examining the effects of reducing trade barriers through the WTO processes, and the implications for our understanding of market forces, the diminishing capacity of governments, consumer power, and the role of international agreements. They provide fascinating details on how the European Union and Japan develop their own strategies toward emerging Asian and Latin American states, quite separately from the United States.The focus then shifts toward integration processes in Latin America. The book concludes by attempting to make sense of the political principles underlying the complex economic policies of the main actors in today's global economy, focusing on development strategies offered by the World Bank.
eBook
Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Rotterdam Elderly Pain Observation Scale
Abstract
Introduction: This study reports on the translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of a Portuguese version of the Rotterdam Elderly Pain Observation Scale (REPOS), a Dutch scale to assess pain in patients who cannot communicate, with or without dementia. Methods: This is a multicenter study in pain and neurological units involving Brazil (clinical phase) and the Netherlands (training phase). We performed a retrospective cross-sectional, 2-staged analysis, translating and culturally adapting the REPOS to a Portuguese version (REPOS-P) and evaluating its psychometric properties. Eight health professionals were trained to observe patients with low back pain. REPOS consists of 10 behavioral items scored as present or absent after a 2-min observation. The REPOS score of ≥3 in combination with the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) of ≥4 indicated pain. The Content Validity Index (CVI) in all items and instructions showed CVI values at their maximum. According to the higher correlation coefficient found between NRS and REPOS-P, it may be suggested that there was an adequate convergent validity. Results: The REPOS-P was administered to 80 patients with a mean age of 60 years (SD 11.5). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient showed a moderate internal consistency of REPOS-P (α = 0.62), which is compatible with the original study of REPOS. All health professionals reached high levels of interrater agreement within a median of 10 weeks of training, assuring reproducibility. Cohen’s kappa was 0.96 (SD 0.03), and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.98 (SD 0.02), showing high reliability of REPOS-P scores between the trainer (researcher) and the trainees (healthcare professionals). The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.95 (95% confidence interval 0.94–0.97), showing a significant correlation between the total scores of REPOS-P and NRS. Conclusion: The REPOS-P was a valuable scale for assessing elderly patients with low back pain by different healthcare professionals. Short application time, ease of use, clear instructions, and the brief training required for application were essential characteristics of REPOS-P.
Journal Article
\Política Externa Independente\, from Geisel to Lula / \Política Externa Independente\, de Geisel a Lula
In the first decades of the 20th century, Brazil formed an 'unwritten alliance' with the United States. This changed when Brazilian governments began to focus on the country's national development and Washington did not give anything back for Brazils loyalty. In 1961, Jânio Quadros launched the concept of Política Externa Independente, which really came into its own during the military regime, especially during Geisel's government (1974-1979). In the middle of the Cold War, Brazil developed many new bilateral and multilateral relationships, including with communist countries. Some of his predecessors had been more aligned with Washington, and are considered entreguistas, while those developing an independent policy are called nacionalistas. This pendulum movement does also happen in times of democratic regimes. Cardoso was much more aligned to Washington, especially during his first mandate, while Lula really put Brazil on the world map. Nas primeiras décadas do século 20, o Brasil formou uma \"aliança não escrita\" com os Estados Unidos. Isso mudou quando os governos brasileiros começaram a se concentrar no desenvolvimento nacional do país e Washington não deu nenhum apoio em troca da lealdade do Brasil. Em 1961, Jânio Quadros lançou o conceito de Política Externa Independente, que realmente se desenvolveu durante o regime militar, especialmente durante o governo de Geisel (1974-1979). No meio da Guerra Fria, o Brasil estabeleceu muitas novas relações bi-laterals e multilaterais, inclusive com países comunistas. Alguns de seus antecessores tinham sido mais alinhados com Washington, e são considerados entreguistas, enquanto aqueles que desenvolveram urna política independente sao chamados nacionalistas. Este movimento pendular também aconteceu em tempos de regimes democráticos. Cardoso foi muito mais alinhado com Washington, especialmente durante seu primeiro mandato, enquanto Lula realmente colocou o Brasil no mapa do mundo.
Journal Article
Legacies and repercussions of the military dictatorship in the Brazil of today
Introduction to dossier.
Journal Article