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Background Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) face both personal and system-based barriers in receiving first-line treatment, i.e. cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention (ERP). The present study comprehensively investigated help-seeking behavior, treatment barriers and facilitators, attitudes and access to gold-standard treatment in adults with OCD in Germany. We aimed to characterize the care situation and examine the influence of clinical and sociodemographic variables on help-seeking behavior and receiving treatment. Methods An anonymous online survey was performed in individuals with OCD who were recruited in- and outside the psychiatric healthcare system. The survey included a wide range of questions regarding help-seeking behavior, treatment barriers and facilitators, attitudes towards different treatment options and access to treatment. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were also collected. The final sample comprised 276 individuals with OCD. Results The mean delay to seeking psychotherapeutic treatment was M  = 5.15 years ( SD  = 6.88) and the mean delay to recognition of OCD was M  = 5.58 years ( SD  = 7.16). Of those 211 who had ever received CBT, 49.5% reported that therapist-guided ERP had been performed at some point during treatment. Indicators of poor healthcare, such as longer delay to recognition or a larger number of treatments before receiving ERP were significantly associated with increased symptom severity. Moreover, a younger age was associated with a shorter delay to recognition of OCD. Taboo thoughts (60.9%) and checking (52.9%) were the most commonly reported symptom dimensions, and individuals with current taboo thoughts were significantly more likely to be treated with CBT. Educational websites were identified as the most important facilitators in recognizing OCD and providing information on effective treatment options. Lack of knowledge about treatment options was reported as the most common barrier to seeking/receiving ERP-based treatment. Conclusions Delays to the recognition of OCD and to seeking help still exceed 5 years on average, but were reduced in younger individuals, potentially reflecting increased mental health literacy. Although our sample may not be fully representative, our results fill the gap between epidemiological surveys and previous studies in outpatients. Options for improving the care situation are discussed.

Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) face both personal and system-based barriers in receiving first-line treatment, i.e. cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention (ERP). The present study comprehensively investigated help-seeking behavior, treatment barriers and facilitators, attitudes and access to gold-standard treatment in adults with OCD in Germany. We aimed to characterize the care situation and examine the influence of clinical and sociodemographic variables on help-seeking behavior and receiving treatment. An anonymous online survey was performed in individuals with OCD who were recruited in- and outside the psychiatric healthcare system. The survey included a wide range of questions regarding help-seeking behavior, treatment barriers and facilitators, attitudes towards different treatment options and access to treatment. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were also collected. The final sample comprised 276 individuals with OCD. The mean delay to seeking psychotherapeutic treatment was M = 5.15 years (SD = 6.88) and the mean delay to recognition of OCD was M = 5.58 years (SD = 7.16). Of those 211 who had ever received CBT, 49.5% reported that therapist-guided ERP had been performed at some point during treatment. Indicators of poor healthcare, such as longer delay to recognition or a larger number of treatments before receiving ERP were significantly associated with increased symptom severity. Moreover, a younger age was associated with a shorter delay to recognition of OCD. Taboo thoughts (60.9%) and checking (52.9%) were the most commonly reported symptom dimensions, and individuals with current taboo thoughts were significantly more likely to be treated with CBT. Educational websites were identified as the most important facilitators in recognizing OCD and providing information on effective treatment options. Lack of knowledge about treatment options was reported as the most common barrier to seeking/receiving ERP-based treatment. Delays to the recognition of OCD and to seeking help still exceed 5 years on average, but were reduced in younger individuals, potentially reflecting increased mental health literacy. Although our sample may not be fully representative, our results fill the gap between epidemiological surveys and previous studies in outpatients. Options for improving the care situation are discussed.

Current trends suggest an increasing future demand for conventional meats, which indicates a strong need to shift this dependency to other alternative protein sources such as insects. From a nutritional point of view, of all the insects consumed globally, grasshoppers are particularly important as a human food. Data from the literature regarding the nutrient composition, amino acid profile, fatty acid profile, mineral composition and vitamin content of grasshoppers as reviewed in this paper, suggest that a number of grasshopper species are a good source of nutrients. It also highlights some of the health related aspects that might arise from the consumption of grasshoppers, mostly linked to agricultural practices and the allergic response of sensitive individuals. The paper also summarizes some religious, social and economic factors that are associated with grasshopper consumption. The success of introducing grasshoppers as a novel food in western countries depends on changes in consumer attitudes. It would be interesting to develop food products derived from grasshoppers in a form acceptable to consumers. Furthermore, it is important to explore the food potential of some grasshopper species native to western countries and to develop their rearing methodologies to enhance availability.

Current trends suggest an increasing future demand for conventional meats, which indicates a strong need to shift this dependency to other alternative protein sources such as insects. From a nutritional point of view, of all the insects consumed globally, grasshoppers are particularly important as a human food. Data from the literature regarding the nutrient composition, amino acid profile, fatty acid profile, mineral composition and vitamin content of grasshoppers as reviewed in this paper, suggest that a number of grasshopper species are a good source of nutrients. It also highlights some of the health related aspects that might arise from the consumption of grasshoppers, mostly linked to agricultural practices and the allergic response of sensitive individuals. The paper also summarizes some religious, social and economic factors that are associated with grasshopper consumption. The success of introducing grasshoppers as a novel food in western countries depends on changes in consumer attitudes. It would be interesting to develop food products derived from grasshoppers in a form acceptable to consumers. Furthermore, it is important to explore the food potential of some grasshopper species native to western countries and to develop their rearing methodologies to enhance availability.

Description of the subject. Current trends suggest an increasing future demand for conventional meats, which indicates a strong need to shift this dependency to other alternative protein sources such as insects. Literature. From a nutritional point of view, of all the insects consumed globally, grasshoppers are particularly important as a human food. Data from the literature regarding the nutrient composition, amino acid profile, fatty acid profile, mineral composition and vitamin content of grasshoppers as reviewed in this paper, suggest that a number of grasshopper species are a good source of nutrients. It also highlights some of the health related aspects that might arise from the consumption of grasshoppers, mostly linked to agricultural practices and the allergic response of sensitive individuals. The paper also summarizes some religious, social and economic factors that are associated with grasshopper consumption. Conclusions. The success of introducing grasshoppers as a novel food in western countries depends on changes in consumer attitudes. It would be interesting to develop food products derived from grasshoppers in a form acceptable to consumers. Furthermore, it is important to explore the food potential of some grasshopper species native to western countries and to develop their rearing methodologies to enhance availability.

Description of the subject. Current trends suggest an increasing future demand for conventional meats, which indicates a strong need to shift this dependency to other alternative protein sources such as insects. Literature. From a nutritional point of view, of all the insects consumed globally, grasshoppers are particularly important as a human food. Data from the literature regarding the nutrient composition, amino acid profile, fatty acid profile, mineral composition and vitamin content of grasshoppers as reviewed in this paper, suggest that a number of grasshopper species are a good source of nutrients. It also highlights some of the health related aspects that might arise from the consumption of grasshoppers, mostly linked to agricultural practices and the allergic response of sensitive individuals. The paper also summarizes some religious, social and economic factors that are associated with grasshopper consumption. Conclusions. The success of introducing grasshoppers as a novel food in western countries depends on changes in consumer attitudes. It would be interesting to develop food products derived from grasshoppers in a form acceptable to consumers. Furthermore, it is important to explore the food potential of some grasshopper species native to western countries and to develop their rearing methodologies to enhance availability. Les criquets : une nouvelle source d’aliments ? (synthèse bibliographique) Description du sujet. Du fait de l’augmentation actuelle de la demande en aliments carnés, il devient nécessaire de diversifier les sources de protéines en considérant, par exemple, celles provenant des insectes. Littérature. Les criquets représentent une part importante des insectes consommés dans le monde. Diverses études s’intéressent à la composition nutritive, minérale et en vitamines, ainsi qu’aux profils en acides aminés et en acides gras de certaines espèces de criquets et suggèrent que ces dernières auraient une bonne qualité nutritionnelle. De plus, dans cette synthèse bibliographique, les intérêts environnementaux et sanitaires liés à la consommation humaine de criquets sont discutés. Enfin, certains facteurs associés à leur consommation, tels des facteurs religieux, sociaux ou économiques, sont résumés du fait qu’ils peuvent influencer l’intérêt porté à ces insectes. Conclusions. Le succès de l’introduction des criquets comme aliment, dans des régions où ils ne sont généralement pas consommés, dépend de la capacité du consommateur à modifier son comportement alimentaire. C’est pourquoi, pour le moment, il est essentiel de (1) mettre en évidence les qualités nutritionnelles d’espèces natives, (2) mettre au point des protocoles d’élevages et (3) développer des produits dérivés, afin qu’ils soient mieux acceptés par les consommateurs.