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Mindfulness : an eight-week plan for finding peace in a frantic world
\"From one of the leading thinkers on Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, a pioneering set of simple practices to dissolve anxiety, stress, exhaustion, and unhappiness. Everyday life is so frantic and full of troubles that we have largely forgotten how to live a joyful existence. We try so hard to be happy that we often end up missing the most important parts of our lives. In Mindfulness, Oxford professor Mark Williams and award-winning journalist Danny Penman reveal the secrets to living a happier and less anxious, stressful, and exhausting life. Based on the techniques of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, the unique program developed by Williams and his colleagues, the book offers simple and straightforward forms of mindfulness meditation that can be done by anyone--and it can take just 10 to 20 minutes a day for the full benefits to be revealed\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
الوعي التام : دليل عملي للعثور على الطمأنينة في عالم مجنون
یكشف هذا الكتاب مجموعة من الممارسات البسيطة والفعالة التي يمكنك إدراجها في حياتك اليومية لمساعدتك على الخروج من دائرة القلق والتوتر والتعاسة والإرهاق. وهو يساعدك على تعزيز متعة حياة صادقة ذلك : النوع من السعادة الذي يتغلغل في أعماقك ويتيح لك مواجهة أسوأ ما تلقي به الحياة في طريقك بشجاعة. ويستند هذا الكتاب إلى العلاج المعرفي القائم على الوعي التام. إن العلاج المعرفي القائم على الوعي التام الذي شارك في تطويره البروفيسور مارك ويليامز من جامعة أوكسفورد، ينصح به المعهد الوطني للتفوق الصحي والإكلينيكي في المملكة المتحدة، ولا يقل فاعلية عن الأدوية لتجنب الاكتئاب، ولكنه، بالمثل، ينجح أيضا مع بقيتنا الذين لا يعانون الاكتئاب ولكنهم يكافحون لمواكبة المتطلبات المستمرة للعالم الحديث ومن خلال استثمار بضع دقائق فقط كل يوم، يمكنك تعلم تأملات الوعي التام البسيطة التي تعد جوهر العلاج المعرفي القائم على الوعي التام. وسوف تندهش من مدى السرعة التي يمكنك بها استعادة السيطرة والقدرة على الاستمتاع بالحياة مرة أخرى.
Book
The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a mindfulness training programme in schools compared with normal school provision (MYRIAD): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Background
Mindfulness-based approaches for adults are effective at enhancing mental health, but few controlled trials have evaluated their effectiveness or cost-effectiveness for young people. The primary aim of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a mindfulness training (MT) programme to enhance mental health, wellbeing and social-emotional behavioural functioning in adolescence.
Methods/design
To address this aim, the design will be a superiority, cluster randomised controlled, parallel-group trial in which schools offering social and emotional provision in line with good practice (Formby et al., Personal, Social, Health and Economic (PSHE) Education: A mapping study of the prevalent models of delivery and their effectiveness, 2010; OFSTED, Not Yet Good Enough: Personal, Social, Health and Economic Education in schools, 2013) will be randomised to either continue this provision (control) or include MT in this provision (intervention). The study will recruit and randomise 76 schools (clusters) and 5700 school students aged 12 to 14 years, followed up for 2 years.
Discussion
The study will contribute to establishing if MT is an effective and cost-effective approach to promoting mental health in adolescence.
Trials registration
International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials, identifier:
ISRCTN86619085
. Registered on 3 June 2016.
Journal Article
Efficacy and moderators of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in ‘Difficult to Treat’ depression: protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
IntroductionAbout 30% of depressed patients suffer from a protracted course in which the disorder continues to cause significant burden despite treatment efforts. While originally developed for relapse prevention, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) has increasingly been investigated in depressed patients with such ‘difficult-to-treat’ courses. This is a protocol for an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis aiming to determine efficacy and potential moderators of MBCT treatment effects in this group based on evidence from randomised controlled trials.Methods and analysisSystematic searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, EMBASE and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register for randomised controlled trials were completed on 17 June 2024. Authors of identified studies have contributed IPD, and data extractions have been completed. An update search will be conducted immediately before the start of data analyses. We will investigate the following outcomes: (a) self-reported and observer-reported severity of depression symptomatology, (b) remission and (c) clinically meaningful improvement and deterioration. One-stage and two-stage IPD-MA will be conducted with one-stage models using the observed IPD from all studies simultaneously as the primary approach. One-stage IPD models will include stratified study intercepts and error terms as well as random effects to capture between-study heterogeneity. Moderator analyses will test treatment-covariate interactions for both individual patient-level and study-level characteristics.Ethics and disseminationThe results will inform understanding of the use of MBCT in patients with current ‘difficult-to-treat’ depression and will contribute to arguments in favour of or against implementing MBCT as a treatment for this group. They will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and made available to stakeholders in accessible formats. No local ethical review was necessary following consultation with the Ethics and Governance Board of the University of Surrey. Guidance on patient data storage and management will be adhered to throughout.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022332039.
Journal Article
What Next After MBSR/MBCT? An Open Trial of an 8-Week Follow-on Program Exploring Mindfulness of Feeling Tone (vedanā)
Objectives
The effectiveness of mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) has been established in many randomized controlled trials. However, effect sizes are often modest, and there remains ample scope to improve their effectiveness. One approach to this challenge is to offer a “follow-on” course to people who have completed an MBP and are interested in further skill development. We developed and tested a new 8-week course for this purpose based on awareness of feeling tone (
vedanā
), an understudied aspect of mindfulness in many current MBPs, incorporating new developments in neuroscience and trauma sensitivity. We examined its effectiveness and the frequency and severity of unpleasant experience and harm.
Methods
In an open trial, 83 participants, 78 of whom had previously taken part in an MBP (majority MBSR or MBCT), completed the program in nine groups. Participants completed questionnaires before and after and gave qualitative written feedback at completion.
Results
Participants reported significantly reduced depression (
d
= 0.56), stress (
d
= 0.36), and anxiety (
d
= 0.53) and increased well-being (
d
= 0.54) and mindfulness (
d
= 0.65) with 38% meeting criteria for reliable change on anxiety and depression. As expected, about three-quarters of participants reported some unpleasant experiences associated with mindfulness practice during the course, but none reported harm. Five participants showed “reliable deterioration” (an increase) in either depression or anxiety, but four of these five also gave anonymous qualitative feedback describing benefits of the course.
Conclusions
Findings support the added value of a follow-on course based on the exploration of feeling tone for participants who have a range of previous mindfulness experience.
Journal Article
Psychological interventions for preventing relapse in individuals with partial remission of depression: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis
Partial remission after major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and a robust predictor of relapse. However, it remains unclear to which extent preventive psychological interventions reduce depressive symptomatology and relapse risk after partial remission. We aimed to identify variables predicting relapse and to determine whether, and for whom, psychological interventions are effective in preventing relapse, reducing (residual) depressive symptoms, and increasing quality of life among individuals in partial remission. This preregistered (CRD42023463468) systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis (IPD-MA) pooled data from 16 randomized controlled trials (n = 705 partial remitters) comparing psychological interventions to control conditions, using 1- and 2-stage IPD-MA. Among partial remitters, baseline clinician-rated depressive symptoms (p = .005) and prior episodes (p = .012) predicted relapse. Psychological interventions were associated with reduced relapse risk over 12 months (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43–0.84), and significantly lowered posttreatment depressive symptoms (Hedges’ g = 0.29, 95% CI 0.04–0.54), with sustained effects at 60 weeks (Hedges’ g = 0.33, 95% CI 0.06–0.59), compared to nonpsychological interventions. However, interventions did not significantly improve quality of life at 60 weeks (Hedges’ g = 0.26, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.58). No moderators of relapse prevention efficacy were found. Men, older individuals, and those with higher baseline symptom severity experienced greater reductions in symptomatology at 60 weeks. Psychological interventions for individuals with partially remitted depression reduce relapse risk and residual symptomatology, with efficacy generalizing across patient characteristics and treatment types. This suggests that psychological interventions are a recommended treatment option for this patient population.
Journal Article
Overgeneralization as a Predictor of the Course of Depression Over Time: The Role of Negative Overgeneralization to the Self, Negative Overgeneralization Across Situations, and Overgeneral Autobiographical Memory
Background
Depression is characterized by different forms of overgeneralization that are all assumed to play a causal role in the development and course of depression.
Methods
We examined, in a community sample of over 625 individuals, whether these different forms of overgeneralization are correlated and whether they are prospective predictors of depression at 6-month follow-up.
Results
Negative overgeneralization to the self and across situations—two types of overgeneralized thinking processes—were significantly but weakly related, but neither of them was related to overgeneral memory—a memory-based form of overgeneralization. Overgeneralization to the self and overgeneral memory both predicted depression symptoms at follow-up. Further, two and three-way interactions indicated that higher levels of overgeneralization processes interact to predict depressive symptoms. Overgeneralization to the self and overgeneral memory both independently predicted probable recurrence of a major depressive episode during the follow-up period in individuals that formerly experienced depression.
Conclusions
Findings suggest that overgeneralization in depression is not a unitary construct and that different overgeneralization processes play independent and interacting roles in the course of depression.
Journal Article
Trait Mindfulness as a Limiting Factor for Residual Depressive Symptoms: An Explorative Study Using Quantile Regression
Mindfulness has been suggested to be an important protective factor for emotional health. However, this effect might vary with regard to context. This study applied a novel statistical approach, quantile regression, in order to investigate the relation between trait mindfulness and residual depressive symptoms in individuals with a history of recurrent depression, while taking into account symptom severity and number of episodes as contextual factors. Rather than fitting to a single indicator of central tendency, quantile regression allows exploration of relations across the entire range of the response variable. Analysis of self-report data from 274 participants with a history of three or more previous episodes of depression showed that relatively higher levels of mindfulness were associated with relatively lower levels of residual depressive symptoms. This relationship was most pronounced near the upper end of the response distribution and moderated by the number of previous episodes of depression at the higher quantiles. The findings suggest that with lower levels of mindfulness, residual symptoms are less constrained and more likely to be influenced by other factors. Further, the limiting effect of mindfulness on residual symptoms is most salient in those with higher numbers of episodes.
Journal Article