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The power of episodic memories is that they bring a past moment into the present, providing opportunities for us to recall details of the experiences, reframe or update the memory, and use the retrieved information to guide our decisions. In these regards, negative and positive memories can be especially powerful: Life’s highs and lows are disproportionately represented in memory, and when they are retrieved, they often impact our current mood and thoughts and influence various forms of behavior. Research rooted in neuroscience and cognitive psychology has historically focused on memory for negative emotional content. Yet the study of autobiographical memories has highlighted the importance of positive emotional memories, and more recently, cognitive neuroscience methods have begun to clarify why positive memories may show powerful relations to mental wellbeing. Here, we review the models that have been proposed to explain why emotional memories are long-lasting (durable) and likely to be retrieved (accessible), describing how in overlapping—but distinctly separable—ways, positive and negative memories can be easier to retrieve, and more likely to influence behavior. We end by identifying potential implications of this literature for broader topics related to mental wellbeing, education, and workplace environments.

Background Reductions in physical activity (PA) are common throughout young adulthood and low PA is associated with weight gain. The SNAP Trial previously reported that two self-regulation approaches to weight gain prevention reduced weight gain over a 2-year period in 18–35 year olds. Presented here are secondary analyses examining changes in PA and the relationship between PA and weight change over 2 years. Methods 599 young adults (age: 27.4 ± 4.4 yrs.; BMI: 25.4 ± 2.6 kg/m 2 ) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment arms: Small Changes (reduce calorie intake by 100 kcals/day & add 2000 steps/day), Large Changes (lose 2.3–4.5 kg initially & increase PA to ≥250 min/wk), or Self-guided (control condition). Small and Large Changes received 10, face-to-face group sessions (months 1–4), and two 4-week refresher courses each subsequent year. Body weight and PA were objectively-measured at baseline, 4 months, 1 and 2 years. Daily steps and bout-related moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA: ≥3 METs, ≥10-min bouts) was calculated. Results Changes in bout-related MVPA and daily steps did not differ among treatment groups over the 2-year period ( p ’s > 0.16). Collapsed across groups, participants gaining >1 lb. ( n  = 187; 39.6%) had smaller changes in bout-related MVPA at 4 months, 1 and 2 years relative to those maintaining or losing weight (≤1 lb. weight gain; n  = 282, 60.4%, p ’s < 0.05). Averaged across time points, this difference equated to 47.8 min/week. Those gaining and not gaining >1 lb. did not differ on daily steps ( p ’s > 0.10). Among participants engaging in ≥250 min/wk. of MVPA at 2 years ( n  = 181), 30% gained >1 lb. from baseline to 2 years, which was not different from those engaging in 150–250 min/wk. ( n  = 87; 36%; p  = 0.40), but this percentage was significantly lower when compared to those engaging in <150 min/wk. ( n  = 176; 49%; p  < 0.001). Conclusions On average, PA differences were not observed between young adults assigned to small or large changes self-regulation interventions to prevent weight gain. Regardless of group assignment, higher levels of MVPA were associated with better weight gain prevention over 2 years. Our data suggest that achieving >150 min/week of MVPA is needed for weight gain prevention and that increasing MVPA, rather than steps, should be targeted. Trial registration www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01183689). Registered Aug 13, 2010.

In response to recommendations to redefine statistical significance to P ≤ 0.005, we propose that researchers should transparently report and justify all choices they make when designing a study, including the alpha level.

Despite growing literature on neural food cue responsivity in obesity, little is known about how the brain processes food cues following partial sleep deprivation and whether short sleep leads to changes similar to those observed in obesity. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test the hypothesis that short sleep leads to increased reward-related and decreased inhibitory control-related processing of food cues.In a within-subject design, 30 participants (22 female, mean age = 36.7 standard deviation = 10.8 years, body mass index range 20.4-40.7) completed four nights of 6 hours/night time-in-bed (TIB; short sleep) and four nights of 9 hours/night TIB (long sleep) in random counterbalanced order in their home environments. Following each sleep condition, participants completed an fMRI scan while viewing food and nonfood images.A priori region of interest analyses revealed increased activity to food in short versus long sleep in regions of reward processing (eg, nucleus accumbens/putamen) and sensory/motor signaling (ie, right paracentral lobule, an effect that was most pronounced in obese individuals). Contrary to the hypothesis, whole brain analyses indicated greater food cue responsivity during short sleep in an inhibitory control region (right inferior frontal gyrus) and ventral medial prefrontal cortex, which has been implicated in reward coding and decision-making (false discovery rate corrected q = 0.05).These findings suggest that sleep restriction leads to both greater reward and control processing in response to food cues. Future research is needed to understand the dynamic functional connectivity between these regions during short sleep and whether the interplay between these neural processes determines if one succumbs to food temptation.

A pivotal step towards establishing these rights in the United States was Title IX, a federal law introduced in 1972 as an Education Amendment of the 1964 U.S. Civil Rights Act. Before its enactment, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 merely prohibited the discrimination and exclusion of any 'person' on the ground of their race, colour or nationality, from public academic programmes and other federally funded programmes. A further milestone for women athletes was the passing of the 1987 Civil Rights Restoration Act, which allowed students to use Title IX as a statute of reference for seeking monetary damages in cases of sex-related discrimination. The effects of this federal law on women's access to sport are welldocumented, as the number of female athletes and sports professionals has spiked over the years.

Emotion processing and executive function are both vital to daily functioning, and deficits in either may negatively impact quality of life. Emotion processing and executive function are also interrelated, in that processing emotional information can modulate aspects of executive function, such as response inhibition, which is the ability to stop a contextually irrelevant or inappropriate behavior. Older adults experience altered emotion processing and response inhibition relative to younger adults, but little is known about how emotional stimuli (compared to neutral), or negative stimuli compared to positive, impact older adults’ response inhibition at a neural level. The aim of the current study was to identify structural volumetric and functional connectivity correlates of emotional response inhibition in cognitively normal older adults. Participants completed a stop-signal task with emotional faces (e.g., fear, happy, or neutral faces) as stop-signals indicating when to withdraw an ongoing motor response. Structural analyses revealed no association between how long it took participants to stop their responses and gray matter volume of ventromedial prefrontal cortex, a region associated with emotion processing, and right inferior frontal gyrus, a region associated with response inhibition. Differences in functional connectivity were examined across performance (i.e., successful vs unsuccessful response inhibition) and stop-signal conditions (i.e., emotion vs. neutral; fear vs. happy faces). Functional connectivity analyses revealed no differences in the relationship between ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala or right inferior frontal gyrus and presupplementary motor area across performance or stop-signal conditions. Taken together, these findings suggest response inhibition to emotional and neutral information similarly engages regions associated with emotion processing and response inhibition.

The defense lawyer's filing says [Tina Stewart] posted on Twitter, MySpace and/or Facebook, including one on Twitter that said, \"I just called police on my roommate. I feel like a snitch, but I don't like that b...h.\" In response, an unknown person posted, \"don't hurt her.\" \"I think it's going to be undisputed that Ms. Stewart started the fight, and it's just an unfortunate series of events that follows,\" [Joe Brandon Jr.] said Wednesday. Police confirmed last week that Stewart contacted the Raiders Crossing apartment complex about an hour before her death and complained about drugs being in the apartment. The complex's courtesy officer, who works for Murfreesboro Police, checked into the matter but determined the complaint to be \"unfounded.\"

  \"First of all we different only being open three days a week.

  \"First of all we different only being open three days a week.

  Esposito is from Naples and Ferrante hails from Rome -- the men wanted to break true Italian flavors to middle Tennessee, paired with real customer service, all at affordable prices.