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AbstractObjectivesTo quantify and compare the rate of weight regain after cessation of weight management medications (WMMs) in adults with overweight or obesity.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Study selectionTrial registries and databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, and trial registries) were searched from inception until February 2025 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomised trials, and observational studies that included WMM (≥8 weeks) with follow-up for ≥4 weeks after cessation of treatment in adults with overweight or obesity. Comparators were any non-drug weight loss intervention or placebo.Data extraction and synthesisThe review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Two independent reviewers screened titles, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool for RCTs and the ROBINS-I tool for non-randomised trials. Data were analysed using mixed effect, meta-regression, and time-to-event models. Weight regain after cessation of WMM was compared with that reported after cessation of behavioural weight management programmes (BWMPs).Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was rate of weight regain from end of treatment, with associated changes in cardiometabolic markers as a secondary outcome.ResultsOf the 9288 titles screened, 37 studies (63 intervention arms, 9341 participants) were included. Average treatment duration was 39 (range 11-176) weeks, with average follow-up of 32 (4-104) weeks. The average monthly rate of weight regain was 0.4 kg (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3 to 0.5) (mixed model 0.3 kg (0.2 to 0.4) monthly v control in RCTs). All cardiometabolic markers were projected to return to baseline within 1.4 years after the cessation of WMM. Weight regain was faster after WMM than after BWMP (by 0.3 kg (0.22 to 0.34) monthly), independent of initial weight loss. Estimates and precision were robust in sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsThis review found that cessation of WMM is followed by rapid weight regain and reversal of beneficial effects on cardiometabolic markers. Regain after WMM was faster than after BWMP. These findings suggest caution in short term use of these drugs without a more comprehensive approach to weight management.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42024532069.

This literature review explores the current evidence related to use of the Internet by hospice patients or families and palliative care/hospice professionals. The research questions guiding this study pertain to the current Internet-based interventions in hospice and palliative care and the evidence of their effectiveness. Six studies were identified as a result of an extensive literature review. These studies included research about web-based clinical interventions for patients, and patients', caregivers' and hospice/palliative care providers' use of the Internet. The majority of interventions involve accessing information via the Internet. Participants among the studies included patients, caregivers/family members, and health care professionals. Findings overall indicate effectiveness of Internet-based interventions. Both patients and professionals are using the Internet to find answers to healthcare questions, communicate, and/or deliver healthcare interventions.

Studies have indicated that there is a link between health and a person's living environment. There have been no comparisons of the effects of the use the different types of housing subsidy on perceived quality of life and well-being of individuals. Around the country, individuals are being moved from their homes in public housing into Section 8 housing. This study, conducted in Columbia, Missouri, (a mid-sized Midwestern town) compared Section 8 and public housing residents in terms of perceived physical and mental health. Results from the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) instrument indicated no differences between the two groups in the areas of health and housing subsidy, but found differences in subsidy type and demographics. Possible reasons for, and implications of, findings are explored.

Undocumented immigration is an important societal issue today. Even though there are many federal law enforcement agents working to reduce the number of undocumented immigrants, the United States is not effectively enforcing current laws. As a result, there are several local governments taking action to develop new policies that would better enforce existing immigration laws. This paper will examine ordinance 2903 of Farmers Branch, TX, where local politicians hope to enact an ordinance banning undocumented immigrants from renting real estate for either housing or business purposes. It will also evaluate the equity, efficiency, and effectiveness of the ordinance, providing a policy alternative and suggesting recommendations to address the issue of undocumented immigration.

Research on the health of transgender people has focused on the risk for and health consequences of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections with little known about the prevalence of a broader range of medical conditions experienced by transgender people. This study used latent class (LC) analysis to examine a range of chronic medical conditions among 223 HIV-positive transgender women of color receiving primary care and psychosocial services in Chicago. The best-fitting model had 2 classes: low and moderate/high multimorbidity with 26% of participants classified in the moderate/high multimorbidity LC. Age group (i.e., under 35 vs 35 and older; AOR 13.8, p < 0.001), ever having AIDS (AOR 4.0, p < 0.05) and psychological distress (AOR 5.1, p < 0.05) were associated with increased probability of moderate/high multimorbidity class membership. The results suggest focusing on HIV-related care or hormonal treatment and potential cardiovascular issues could result in sub-optimal treatment for a population dis-engaged from primary care but which has a broad spectrum of largely untreated medical conditions.