Explore the vast range of titles available.

Background MicroRNA isoforms (isomiRs), tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs), and rRNA-derived fragments (rRFs) represent most of the small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) found in cells. Members of these three classes modulate messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein abundance and are dysregulated in diseases. Experimental studies to date have assumed that the subcellular distribution of these molecules is well-understood, independent of cell type, and the same for all isoforms of a sncRNA. Results We tested these assumptions by investigating the subcellular distribution of isomiRs, tRFs, and rRFs in biological replicates from three cell lines from the same tissue and same-sex donors that model the same cancer subtype. In each cell line, we profiled the isomiRs, tRFs, and rRFs in the nucleus, cytoplasm, whole mitochondrion (MT), mitoplast (MP), and whole cell. Using a rigorous mathematical model we developed, we accounted for cross-fraction contamination and technical errors and adjusted the measured abundances accordingly. Analyses of the adjusted abundances show that isomiRs, tRFs, and rRFs exhibit complex patterns of subcellular distributions. These patterns depend on each sncRNA’s exact sequence and the cell type. Even in the same cell line, isoforms of the same sncRNA whose sequences differ by a few nucleotides (nts) can have different subcellular distributions. Conclusions SncRNAs with similar sequences have different subcellular distributions within and across cell lines, suggesting that each isoform could have a different function. Future computational and experimental studies of isomiRs, tRFs, and rRFs will need to distinguish among each molecule’s various isoforms and account for differences in each isoform’s subcellular distribution in the cell line at hand. While the findings add to a growing body of evidence that isomiRs, tRFs, rRFs, tRNAs, and rRNAs follow complex intracellular trafficking rules, further investigation is needed to exclude alternative explanations for the observed subcellular distribution of sncRNAs.

Trans students have significantly varied campus climate experiences compared to cisgender heterosexual peers (Dugan, Kusel, & Simounet, 2012). This study focuses on the function of Open Housing, a gender non-specific housing option for trans individuals, on perceived outcomes. Residents of open housing participated in a brief demographic and satisfaction survey (N=10), and an interview regarding community outcomes (N=3). The participants were coded into LGBTQ+ and non-LGBTQ+ to determine identity-specific results. The data revealed a high population of first-generation students, transfer students, non-traditional students, and students with disabilities. Free response survey answers and interviews described five key themes including: (1) Community, (2) Relation to Others – interpersonal skill building and multicultural awareness, (3) Environment, (4) Self Development – identity awareness and positive self-regard, and (5) Authenticity. Responses indicate a lack of choice for trans students in choosing safety and validation of living in this Residential Learning Community, over other residential options. Participants demonstrated significant positive interpersonal and intrapersonal outcomes, and subsequent protective factors from living in the community, although causal or within-group analysis continues to be an opportunity for future research.

A plasma scenario with negative triangularity (NT) shaping is achieved on MAST-U for the first time. While edge localized modes (ELMs) are eventually suppressed as the triangularity is decreased below δ≲−0.06, an extended period of H-mode operation with Type-III ELMs is sustained at less negative δ even through access to the second stability region for ideal ballooning modes is closed. This documents a qualitative difference from the ELM-free access conditions documented in NT scenarios on conventional aspect ratio machines. The electron temperature at the pedestal top drops across the transition to ELM-free operation, but a steady rise in core temperature as δ is decreased allows for similar normalized β in the ELM-free NT and H-mode positive triangularity shapes.

This qualitative study explored the perceptions of high school math teachers and administrators regarding professional development initiatives in secondary math education. Through a qualitative approach involving focus group discussions and individual interviews, the study examined accountability mechanisms, motivational factors, challenges, and suggested improvements associated with professional development. Findings revealed intrinsic motivational factors, such as opportunities for professional growth and recognition of achievements, driving teacher engagement, while administrators emphasized the importance of accountability mechanisms and tailored support. This study underscored the significance of fostering a collaborative professional learning culture, tailoring professional development initiatives to meet teachers' needs, and providing sustained support to enhance teacher engagement and effectiveness. Recommendations for practice included creating supportive learning environments, leveraging technology-enhanced platforms, and prioritizing ongoing support to improve instructional practices and student outcomes in high school math education.

Abstract Persons living with dementia often receive daily oral care from family caregivers or paid caregivers such as nurse aides. However, these caregivers report limited knowledge about and confidence in providing daily oral care. This study used stakeholder engaged processes to develop an app that provides information and guidance to caregivers to support their oral care provision. Contents to support oral care for persons living with dementia were developed through a collaboration between the College of Dentistry and College of Public Health based on prior research. In-depth interviews were conducted with key stakeholders including dental professionals, family caregivers, nursing home administrators, and nurse aides. Participants identified many benefits of this support tool to improve their oral care provision. Dental professionals confirmed the accuracy and importance of the information and provided additional suggestions. Family caregivers appreciated the detailed information and guidance on how to provide daily care, how to identify oral health problems, and what to do if they identify problems. Photos especially helped caregivers identify the nature of the problem to determine action steps. For paid caregivers, the app served as a good reminder and reference guide. Nursing home administrators wanted to use the app as a training tool to standardize and improve the overall care. The app was well-accepted and provided an easily accessible tool for caregivers during care provision. Additional qualitative data and pilot test results will be presented.

This thesis aims to address the connections between racial tensions and the gentrification of the Albina district, a predominantly Black neighborhood in Portland, Oregon, and the inaccessible housing stock and lack of social infrastructure within the city, leading to the displacement of black residents. Portland is known widely as a state that has fostered social turmoil and tensions between the two racial groups. Sadly, racism has been entrenched in Oregon’s history for nearly two centuries, maybe more than any state in the north. In more recent times, the city has repeatedly undertaken “urban renewal” projects that discriminated against the small Black community that existed here. In tracking this problem, this thesis examines the history of the Black community in Albina by looking at the correlation between planning and upward mobility. In addition, this document studies the current conditions of three neighborhoods within Albina, and proposes policy measures and a design implementation to set a framework for residents and community leaders to use as a tool for the equitable development of Portland’s Black Community.

The purpose of this study was to improve chronic absenteeism at the kindergarten level at Learning Elementary School through a multi-tiered intervention approach. This action research, mixed-methods study, with a convergent design, investigated student attendance and the impact on achievement among kindergarten students through the utilization of quantitative and qualitative data collection methods simultaneously. Specifically, the study sought to determine the effectiveness of improving kindergarten attendance through early identification and tiered interventions, which utilized incentives and parental involvement and the impact absenteeism has on student success. The study population consisted of students from a Mississippi school district who began kindergarten in the 2017–2018 school year. Students who had been assessed using the MKAS 2 assessment in both August and May of the school year were included in the data. Additionally, qualitative data was collected through focus groups, interviews, and open-ended survey response questions. The quantitative data was analyzed using Spearman’s correlations, a Welch t-test, and independent samples t-test. The results of one of the Spearman’s correlation indicated a significant statistical relationship between unexcused absences and MKAS 2 scores. The results of the independent samples t-test indicated a significant statistical difference between attendance rates during 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 school years. The results of one of the Spearman’s correlation and the Welch t-test revealed no significant statistical relationship or differences in the results.

This work presents the compact experimental negative triangularity reactor (CENTAUR), a low overnight cost, high-field tokamak, breakeven reactor design, achieving a predicted total fusion power of 40MW and scientific energy gain of 1.3. Ballooning stability calculations confirm that the device's pedestal is within the first stability regime, which is consistent with the expected ELM-free operation associated with negative triangularity (NT) plasmas. The geometry of the NT divertor allows for high fraction of radiated power (13.5\\(\\%\\)) between the separatrix and plasma facing components. Heat transport modeling based on simulations of the edge region show heat loads into plasma facing components well below material limits. The magnet system employs rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) high-temperature superconductors in 18 toroidal field coils, an hourglass-shaped central solenoid, and six poloidal field coils to support high-field (\\(B_0=10.9\\) T) plasma confinement, shaping, and current drive. Neutronics analysis shows that a 12 cm \\(B_4C\\) shield keeps superconducting magnet heating below the 33~K quench limit during 10 s, 40 MW DT pulses. With this shielding, the modeled fluence indicates HTS components can survive more than ten times the 3000-pulse design lifetime. Iteration of economic analysis in tandem with the technical design process allows CENTAUR to achieve its overnight cost goal of$\\$ $2B determined using a custom costing model that predicts a total overnight cost of \\(1.6\\)B\\(0.2\\)B.

ABSTRACT Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and their isoforms (isomiRs), tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs), and rRNA-derived fragments (rRFs) represent ~95% of all short RNAs found in cells. All three types modulate mRNA and protein abundance and are dysregulated in diseases. Experimental studies to date assumed that the subcellular localization of these molecules is well understood and constant across cell types. Results: We investigated the localization of isomiRs, tRFs, and rRFs in biological replicates from three frequently-used model cell lines. In each case, we analyzed the contents of the nucleus, cytoplasm, whole mitochondrion, mitoplast, and the whole cell. We used a rigorous mathematical model to account for cross-fraction contamination and technical errors and adjusted abundances accordingly. We found that isomiRs, tRFs, and rRFs exhibit complex and unexpected patterns of subcellular localization. These patterns depend on the type of the RNA molecule, its exact sequence, and the cell type. Even for \"sibling\" RNAs from the same parental RNA whose sequences differ by only a few nucleotides, their subcellular localization depends on each sibling's exact sequence and the cell type. Conclusions: Previous studies of isomiRs, tRFs, and rRFs that used ectopic expression without accounting for isoforms may need to be re-evaluated. Future experiments with these molecules will need to distinguish among the multiple isoforms and account for the fact that each isoform's abundance and destination depend on its exact sequence and cell type. The findings additionally suggest the existence of an intracellular trafficking program for isomiRs, tRFs, and rRFs and, by extension, expanded roles for these molecules - both dimensions await characterization. To help design future experiments, we compiled a first-of-its-kind Atlas to catalogue the subcellular localization and abundance of 5,898 isomiRs, tRFs, and rRFs across three model cell lines. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.

WOW Trucking Inc. of St. Joseph is opposed to the new regulations. WOW has three trucks that drive daily between St. Joseph and Garland,, Texas. Tom Whitaker, the director of governmental regulations for the Kansas Motor Carriers Association, said tighter regulations could force trucks to operate during daylight hours, or peak driving hours, contributing to the chance of highway accidents. The tighter regulations also will increase the amount of drivers on the road, which will increase highway congestion and problems with truck parking, Mr. Whitaker said.