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The Children – Sit Less, Move More (C-SLAMM) pilot intervention: Feasibility and acceptability of a multi-component school and home-based intervention to promote physical activity
A high proportion of primary school children in Northern Ireland (NI) are insufficiently active. In response, an intervention adapted from the TransformUs programme was established to promote physical activity (PA) and reduce sedentary behaviour (SB). This study aimed to assess the feasibility of recruitment and retention, data collection procedures, intervention acceptability and explore preliminary effectiveness on children's PA and SB levels.
The Children - Sit Less, Move More (C-SLAMM) intervention integrated behavioural, pedagogical, and environmental strategies across classroom, school, and home settings. Eight primary schools were recruited and randomly assigned (1:1) to either the intervention or control. Feasibility measures included school and participant recruitment, retention and completion rates. Acceptability was assessed using weekly diary logbooks, fidelity checklists and qualitative methods (write and draw activity, focus groups, interviews). Children (aged 7-9 years) wore activPAL accelerometers continuously for 7 days at baseline and post-intervention (Week 8) to measure time spent sitting, standing, and stepping.
A total of 194 consent forms were distributed. Of the 162 children who consented (84% response rate), 76 (46.9%) met the valid wear-time criteria at both baseline and follow-up. Intervention delivery varied across schools, impacting fidelity. Qualitative analysis revealed four themes: (1) engagement, (2) positive aspects of C-SLAMM intervention, (3) barriers to intervention delivery, and (4) recommendations for improvement. Children and teachers generally found the intervention acceptable, though barriers included limited parental support, inadequate classroom space and time constraints. There were no significant differences in sitting time (β = -6.5 minutes/day; 95%CI: -36.4, 23.4), standing or stepping time between groups. Nevertheless, the intervention was seen as enhancing classroom experiences for both children and teachers.
The C-SLAMM intervention was well-received and shows promise as an acceptable approach to reduce sitting time and promote PA. Further refinement of data collection methods is needed before progressing to a pilot trial.
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05854355 (submitted on the 30th of March 2023).
Journal Article
The best American travel writing 2018
Presents an anthology of the best travel writing published in 2018, selected from magazines, newspapers, and web sites.
Book
The STRENGTH Study: A cluster randomised controlled trial of the effect of a behaviour change intervention added to cardiac rehabilitation on physical activity adherence
Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of global mortality, imposing significant health and economic burdens. Cardiac rehabilitation, including physical activity, can reduce coronary heart disease-related morbidity and mortality. We tested whether the addition of a behaviour change intervention to cardiac rehabilitation could promote and maintain physical activity achieved during cardiac rehabilitation, beyond standard care timeframes.
A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted across six community-based maintenance stage cardiac rehabilitation classes. A total of 96 participants (mean age 65.04 ± 8.38 years; 75% male) received either standard care or a behaviour change intervention, with physical activity, measured with an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer as the primary outcome.
No significant differences in daily minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and steps per day, or any secondary outcomes, including self-rated health, quality of life, and mental wellbeing, were observed between the intervention and control groups at six months follow-up. These findings suggests that the behaviour change intervention did not significantly impact physical activity or health outcomes during maintenance cardiac rehabilitation. This may be attributed to high baseline physical activity levels among participants, and the extended cardiac rehabilitation support provided to both groups, potentially masking any intervention effects.
A behaviour change intervention added to standard maintenance stage cardiac rehabilitation did not improve physical activity or health outcomes. However, continued access to cardiac rehabilitation sustained high physical activity levels. Future research should disentangle the independent effects of behaviour interventions and ongoing cardiac rehabilitation support.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05705310.
Journal Article
The influence of individual characteristics on children’s learning with a social robot versus a human
The field of child-robot interaction (CRI) is growing rapidly, in part due to demand to provide sustained, personalized support for children in educational contexts. The present study uses a within-subject design to compare how children between 5 and 8 years of age (n=32) interact with a robot and human instructor during a tangram learning task. To assess how the children’s characteristics may influence their behaviors with the instructors, we correlated interaction metrics, such as eye gaze, social referencing, and vocalizations, with parent-reported scales of children’s temperament, social skills, and prior technology exposure. We found that children gazed more at the robot instructor and had more instances of social referencing toward a research assistant in the room while interacting with the robot. Age was related to task time completion, but few other individual characteristics were related to behavioral characteristics with the human and robot instructors. When asked about preferences and perceptions of the instructors after completing the tangram tasks, children showed a strong preference for interacting with the robot. These findings have implications for the integration of social technologies into educational contexts and suggest individual differences play a key role in understanding how children will uniquely respond to robots.
Journal Article
Conversations. Volume 1
Buddhism, love, Henry James, and the tango are just a few of the topics Jorge Luis Borges, Argentina's master writer, and extraordinary conversationalist, discusses in the first volume of the series, 'Conversations.' The eighty-four-year-old blind man's wit is unending and results in lively and insightful discussions that configure a loose autobiography of a subtle, teasing mind. Borges's favourite concepts, such as time and dreaming, are touched upon, but these dialogues are not a true memoir, they are unrestricted conversations about life at present.
Book
Device-based measurement of physical activity and sedentary behaviour after critical illness: A scoping review
Measuring and promoting physical activity could support rehabilitation and recovery after critical illness. In recent years, there has been an emergence of the use of devices to measure both physical activity and sedentary behaviour in this population. Understanding device selection and processes for data analysis could be helpful for future research and practice when used with this population.
The aim of this review was to explore the current use of device-based physical activity instruments to measure physical activity and sedentary behaviour during and following critical illness.
A scoping review was conducted which followed the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) framework. A comprehensive search of four electronic databases (Medline, ProQuest, Scopus and CINAHL) was conducted using pre-agreed search terms. Screening and data extraction was conducted by two independent reviewers. Data were analysed descriptively by summarising and describing results that linked to the review questions.
Twenty-two studies were included; the majority were observational (n=12), with one randomised control trial. Studies covered the continuum from intensive care admission to 18 months post-hospital discharge. A total of 11 devices were used to assess physical activity and sedentary behaviour, and many different processing decisions were used for data analysis. Physical activity levels were low in the intensive care unit and remained low following discharge from intensive care.
The use of device-based measurement of physical activity and sedentary behaviour after critical illness is an emerging research area. While several devices are available, this review highlights the need for agreed and standardised protocol(s) to guide the processing and analysis of data. Investment is also needed to support the recovery of physical activity and the reduction of excessive sedentary behaviour following discharge from the hospital.
Journal Article
The mighty Thor. Vol. 3, The Asgard/Shi'ar war
\"Thor must deal with the escalating war of the Realms! To face Malekith, Loki and an all-new Kurse, she'll need a team of her own. Prepare for the triumphant return of the League of Realms! Far across the galaxy, though, another conflict is brewing--as the most powerful super-army in the cosmos prepares a surprise attack on the city of the gods! The Shi-ar Empire will lay siege to Asgardia--and their target is the Goddess of Thunder! But why? And what does the fate of Midgard have to do with it? And where the Shi'ar go, the Phoenix Force tends to follow--which is bad news for Thor! Maybe the returning Odinson could lend a hand--or perhaps the rebel X-Man known as Quentin Quire?!\" -- cover
Book
Total cannabidiol (CBD) concentrations and yields from traditional extraction methods: Percolation vs. maceration
Medicinal plants have been valued for many generations due to their biosynthetic advantages generating pharmacologically active molecules. This is especially the case when it comes to cannabinoids from Cannabis. In these experiments we mimicked typical herbal home extractions and measured the yield of total decarboxylated CBD (“total CBD”) from percolations and macerations done at the common duration of 2 weeks in duplicate independent extractions. Analysis was performed by GC-FID on triplicate samples from each extraction. Results demonstrated a significant extraction superiority of percolation over maceration. Percolation extracted 80.1% of the total CBD in the hemp biomass as compared to the 2-week time point at 63.5% recovery. Our results demonstrate a significant increase in total CBD yield from percolation, as compared to maceration. Highest solvent recovery was also through percolation, but overall solvent recovery was fairly consistent with the maceration method, after pressing. Under these conditions of extracting lipophilic cannabidiol in 95% ethanol, these data demonstrate that percolation is significantly superior to maceration in total CBD yield. These observations will likely apply to the extraction of lipophilic constituents from other herbs and botanical medicines.
Journal Article