Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
88
result(s) for
"Winkler, Deborah"
Sort by:
Outsourcing Economics
Outsourcing Economics has a double meaning. First, it is a book about the economics of outsourcing. Second, it examines the way that economists have understood globalization as a pure market phenomenon, and as a result have 'outsourced' the explanation of world economic forces to other disciplines. Markets are embedded in a set of institutions - labor, government, corporate, civil society, and household - that mold the power asymmetries that influence the distribution of the gains from globalization. In this book, William Milberg and Deborah Winkler propose an institutional theory of trade and development starting with the growth of global value chains - international networks of production that have restructured the global economy and its governance over the past twenty-five years. They find that offshoring leads to greater economic insecurity in industrialized countries that lack institutions supporting workers. They also find that offshoring allows firms to reduce domestic investment and focus on finance and short-run stock movements.
eBook
Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography for distinguishing basal cell carcinoma from dermal nevus: A case report
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent skin cancer with a rising incidence. It can imitate benign lesions for example, dermal nevus clinically and dermoscopically. Both entities show specific morphologic features in line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The aim was to differentiate both lesions via noninvasive imaging to prevent unnecessary surgery. A 63‐year‐old woman presented with a light brownish nodule on the left cheek and a brownish nodule on the right nasal slope/cheek, which were both evident since a few months. The clinical and dermoscopic appearance of both lesions was very similar including the differential diagnosis of a dermal nevus or BCC. Dynamic OCT of the lesion on the left cheek showed multiple hyporeflective nodules in the dermis with hypervascularization. Using LC‐OCT several hyporeflective round to ovoid nodules with hyporeflective clefting embedded in a hyperreflective surrounding connective tissue could be observed. These specific morphological criteria called millefeuille pattern led to the diagnosis of a nodular BCC. The lesion of the right cheek presented with a thickened epidermis and elongated rete ridges in dynamic OCT. Upon LC‐OCT examination a so‐called large wave like pattern presenting as undulating hyporeflective and hyperreflective lobular structures could be identified. Therefore, the diagnosis of a dermal nevus was made. Both lesions were identified correctly as confirmed histopathologically after shave excision. Since BCC can imitate benign lesions for example, dermal nevi, the use of OCT and LC‐OCT can facilitate the identification of BCC and its imitators. Noninvasive imaging can help to avoid unnecessary biopsy especially in areas where the skin is vulnerable to punch biopsy. Basal cell carcinoma can imitate dermal nevus clinically and dermoscopically. Both entities show specific morphologic features in line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Here we report a case of a 63‐year‐old woman who presented with two clinically very similar skin lesions on the face. We were able to differentiate both lesions via LC‐OCT and OCT correctly as confirmed histopathologically after excision. This case shows how non‐invasive imaging can help to avoid unnecessary surgery.
Journal Article
The Role of (Line‐Field Confocal) Optical Coherence Tomography and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy in the Diagnosis of a Malignant Eccrine Differentiated Sweat Gland Tumour With Features of a Porocarcinoma and an Eccrine Spiradenocarcinoma: A Case Report
Malignant eccrine differentiated sweat gland tumours, including porocarcinoma and eccrine spiradenocarcinoma, are rare and aggressive neoplasms that pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This case report aims to describe the role of in‐vivo and ex‐vivo line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and ex‐vivo fusion confocal microscopy (evFCM) in diagnosing and assessing the margins of a malignant eccrine differentiated sweat gland tumour with features of both porocarcinoma and eccrine spiradenocarcinoma. An 84‐year‐old man presented with a nodular scalp lesion. The lesion was evaluated using dermoscopy, OCT, in‐vivo and ex‐vivo LC‐OCT and evFCM. The findings were followed by Mohs micrographic surgery and histopathological examination to confirm the diagnosis. Dermoscopy revealed a vascular pattern with polymorphous vessels, while in vivo LC‐OCT and OCT demonstrated large nodules with necrotic areas and cuboidal cells. Ex‐vivo LC‐OCT and evFCM confirmed the complete tumour excision, corroborated by histology. Histopathologic evaluation identified a malignant epithelial tumour with two components: epithelioid clusters mimicking glandular lumina and polymorphic cells with pronounced pleomorphism. The diagnosis of a malignant eccrine differentiated sweat gland tumour with features of porocarcinoma and eccrine spiradenocarcinoma was made. This case highlights the utility of LC‐OCT, OCT, and evFCM in diagnosing and managing malignant eccrine differentiated sweat gland tumours. These noninvasive imaging techniques offer near‐histological resolution, enabling more precise diagnosis and margin assessment. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings and improve diagnostic protocols for such rare tumours. Capsule summary This case report highlights the diagnostic value of line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and ex‐vivo fusion confocal microscopy (evFCM) in identifying and managing a rare malignant eccrine sweat gland tumor with features of porocarcinoma and eccrine spiradenocarcinoma. These imaging techniques provided near‐histological resolution, aiding in accurate diagnosis and margin assessment, which was confirmed through histopathology and Mohs surgery.
Journal Article
Economic and social upgrading in global production networks: Problems of theory and measurement
. Economic development has increasingly become synonymous with “economic upgrading” within global production networks (GPNs). Yet, while there has been much research on connecting economic upgrading with economic growth and international trade, there has been less analysis of the relationship between economic and “social upgrading”, i.e. improvements in the wages, conditions, rights, gender equality and economic security of workers in GPNs. Focusing on developing countries, this article reviews the ways in which economic and social upgrading are measured and scrutinizes the theoretical connection between these two dimensions of upgrading. The authors conclude with a brief discussion of policy implications.
Journal Article
Making global value chains work for development
Economic, technological, and political shifts as well as changing business strategies have driven firms to unbundle production processes and disperse them across countries. Thanks to these changes, developing countries can now increase their participation in global value chains (GVCs) and thus become more competitive in agriculture, manufacturing and services. This is a paradigm shift from the 20th century when countries had to build the entire supply chain domestically to become competitive internationally. For policymakers, the focus is on boosting domestic value added and improving access to resources and technology while advancing development goals. However, participating in global value chains does not automatically improve living standards and social conditions in a country. This requires not only improving the quality and quantity of production factors and redressing market failures, but also engineering equitable distributions of opportunities and outcomes - including employment, wages, work conditions, economic rights, gender equality, economic security, and protecting the environment. The internationalization of production processes helps with very few of these development challenges. Following this perspective, Making Global Value Chains Work for Development offers a strategic framework, analytical tools, and policy options to address this challenge. The book conceptualizes GVCs and makes it easier for policymakers and practitioners to discuss them and their implications for development. It shows why GVCs require fresh thinking; it serves as a repository of analytical tools; and it proposes a strategic framework to guide policymakers in identifying the key objectives of GVC participation and in selecting suitable economic strategies to achieve them.
eBook
Making foreign direct investment work for Sub-Saharan Africa
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is becoming an increasingly significant catalyst for output and trade in developing countries, in part due to a major expansion in the scope of Global Value Chains (GVCs). FDI delivers a number of important contributions to economic development in terms of investment, employment, and foreign exchange. However, it is FDI's spillover potential-the productivity gain resulting from the diffusion of knowledge and technology from foreign investors to local firms and workers-that is perhaps its most valuable input to long-run growth and development. While substantial empirical evidence has been amassed over the past decade on the existence and dynamics of FDI spillovers, the results are mixed-simply attracting FDI by no means guarantees that a country will benefit from spillovers. This chapter provides an overview of the objectives of the research for which the results are presented in this book. The aim of the research is to identify the critical factors for the realization of FDI-related spillovers including dynamic interactions between FDI and local suppliers, service providers, workers, local producers, customers, and institutions. The research involved detailed field surveys in three industries, characterized by GVCs, across eight countries, with a specific focus on low-income countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.
eBook
Firm location and the determinants of exporting in low- and middle-income countries
Using a cross-section of more than 35,000 manufacturing and services firms in 76 low- and middle-income countries, we assess how firm location determines the likelihood of exporting. Results from a probit model show that, in addition to firmspecific characteristics, both regional investment climate and agglomeration factors have a significant impact on export participation. Export spillovers and industry diversity are associated with increased exporting, but the impact varies by location and sector. The analysis finds that firm-level determinants of exporting matter more for firms located in non-core regions, whereas regional determinants and agglomeration economies play a larger role in core regions.
Journal Article