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"Wissink, Bart"
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Art Organisers as Commoners: On the Sustainability and Counter‐Hegemonic Potential of the Bangkok Biennial
As part of a remarkable wave of perennial contemporary art events in Thailand, the Bangkok Biennial was organised for the first time in 2018. Without central curation or funding, the organisational strategy of this artist‐led, open‐access event was strikingly different from the state‐organised Thailand Biennale and the corporate Bangkok Art Biennale that were inaugurated several months later. Through the eyes of the literature on “commoning” as a third way of organising next to the state and market, we explore the “common spaces” that the Bangkok Biennial has produced. Reflecting on arguments articulated in the introduction to this thematic issue, as well as on Chantal Mouffe’s analysis of the detrimental nature of an “exodus strategy” for counter‐hegemonic action, we focus on the connections—if any—of the Bangkok Biennial with the state and corporations. Specifically, we address the following research questions: What are the characteristics of the Bangkok Biennial as a common art event? Which connections with the state and market have its organisers developed? And what are the consequences of this strategy for its sustainability and counter‐hegemonic potential? We conclude that the organisers have consciously resisted developing relationships with the state and market, and argue that this “exodus strategy” is a necessity in Thailand’s socio‐political setting. And while this strategy might endanger the sustainability of this biennial as an art event, we argue that at the same time it supports an infrastructure for counter‐hegemonic action inside and—possibly more importantly—outside art.
Journal Article
Mega-events and regional identities: the 2010 Asian Games language controversy
This article argues that mega-events can become important sites for the contestation of a variety of justice claims, including recognition for regional identities. The existing literature explores the potential of mega-events to achieve redistribution but their impact on identity claims is under-researched. Our analysis of the Cantonese language controversy in the run-up to the Guangzhou 2010 Asian Games fills this gap by employing a discourse-historical approach. It demonstrates that a range of discursive strategies relating to the Cantonese language played a crucial role in the articulation of a Cantonese regional identity and were, in turn, countered through discursive strategies employed by local government, which argued that Cantonese and Chinese identities are not mutually exclusive. We conclude that scholars need to pay more attention to mega-events that are staged in non-Western countries outside core cities, as well as to the role that they can play in attempts to promote the recognition of regional identities.
Journal Article
Travel Time and Distance in International Perspective
While Western countries are trying to reduce car dependency on the back of low carbon objectives, the ownership and use of private cars in urban China is increasing dramatically. In this paper, light is shed on both developments through a comparative study of the travel behaviour in two regions with a very different built environment: Nanjing, China, and the Randstad in the Netherlands. Controlled for car ownership, daily travel time and distance are analysed in both regions. The results indicate that, in the case of Nanjing, the suggestion is that the configurations of current land use which support walking and cycling should be preserved as much as possible and that, in the meanwhile, investments should be made in fast public transport to facilitate economic developments. As regards the Randstad, it would seem wise to promote the use of walking and cycling by continuing to encourage compact land use patterns in combination with relatively fast public transport developments.
Journal Article
Between places and flows: towards a new agenda for neighbourhood research in an age of mobility
This article discusses the role of the neighbourhood in an era of increased mobility. It explores the consequences of the \"new mobilities paradigm\", which argues that the growing importance of flows - of people, goods and information - results in a deterritorialization of social practices. Rows thus gain prominence in comparison to places like regions and neighbourhoods. At the same time, however, neighbourhoods continue to play a role in the actions and imaginations of people, neighbourhood organizations, and government policies. People still live in neighbourhoods, and governments still try to solve often severe social problems through neighbourhood policies. We argue that the neighbourhood has to be re-imagined as a collection of hybrid nodes connecting a multiplicity of flows that bind actors and objects in order to understand the potential effectiveness of these policies. From this new mobilities perspective, we make suggestions for future neighbourhood research.
Journal Article
Social Networks in 'Neighbourhood Tokyo'
The loss of community worries academics and politicians the world over, and Japan is no exception. Over recent decades, in response to an outcry over diminishing social cohesion, Japan has seen a wave of neighbourhood projects, aiming to restore local social networks. At the same time, some argue that here urban neighbourhoods still function as organisers of social life. These contrasting views make Japanese cities interesting case studies. Unfortunately, despite a host of studies on aspects of neighbourhood involvement, there is limited general research into local social networks as a neighbourhood effect. The authors aim to fill this gap with evidence from a household survey in Tokyo. They conclude that neighbourhoods in Tokyo are relatively mixed and that, for some groups, the neighbourhood is an important source for social relations. However, the study does not show that this supports cross-group relations.
Journal Article
Beyond Town and Countryside? A Dutch Perspective on Urban and Rural Policies
It is argued that many of today's attitudes to the relationship between town and countryside are the result of profound changes in society. Taking as a starting point the Dutch debate on town and countryside and the new Dutch spatial policies that have ensued, it is shown that recent policy measures aimed at containing urbanization have failed to take account of changing social dynamics. And it is suggested that this will result in failure of Dutch policy to fulfil its goals.
Journal Article
Integrating City Planning and Environmental Improvement: Practicable Strategies for Sustainable Urban Development, Donald Miller and Gert de Roo (Eds.)
The book Integrating City Planning and Environmental Improvement: Practicable Stragegies for Sustainable Urban Development, edited by Donald Miller and Gert de Roo, is reviewed.
Journal Article