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"Wong, How Man"
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Population increase at a calving ground of the Endangered Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii in Xinjiang, China
Females in most populations of chiru or Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii migrate up to 350 km each year to summer calving grounds. These migrations characterize the Tibet–Qinghai Plateau. The Ullughusu calving grounds adjacent to the Arjinshan Nature Reserve in Xinjiang, China, are used by multiple chiru populations and this calving ground recovered from major poaching events in 1998 and 1999, with a population increase from 2001 to 2006. We used direct methods (vehicle/walking transects and radial point sampling) and an indirect method (faecal pellet counts) from 30 June to 4 July 2011 to assess the chiru population at this calving ground. We saw substantially more chiru with all methods in 2011 compared to 2006, demonstrating that the population has increased and suggesting that conservation efforts have been effective.
Journal Article
A globally important wild yak Bos mutus population in the Arjinshan Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China
The wild yak Bos mutus is one of the most charismatic members of the Tibet/Qinghai Plateau fauna, and 19th century explorers to the plateau described vast herds. Overhunting, in particular, has greatly reduced wild yak populations and forced them into remote areas. The species is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and as a Class 1 protected animal in China. Introgression with domestic yaks is another threat, and the wild yak population of the Arjinshan Nature Reserve is particularly important because Uigher herders in and around Arjinshan do not have the tradition of raising yaks. We provide information on the status of the wild yak in Arjinshan based on observations in 1993 and on vehicle surveys during 1998–2009 and point samples from 2009. The steppes of north-east Arjinshan are the most important area, and we saw c. 1,700 yaks there in winter 2008. We saw more yaks in the north-east on similar routes driven in winter 2008 compared to winter 2005, suggesting that the wild yak population in Arjinshan is stable or increasing.
Journal Article
Hanging Coffins of the Bo People
The ancient Bo people of southern China buried their dead in wooden coffins affixed to the sides of cliffs. The Bo sect flourished for some 400 years, but dating their activities remains difficult.
Magazine Article
River Elegy
The final sentence in my 1989 book, Exploring the Yangtze, captured the moment that I first drank from the source on September 3, 1985: \"The water was freezing, but it warmed my heart.\" Establishing the source of a major river is gratifying — especially if it's the Yangtze and you happen to be Chinese.
Magazine Article
Making of a modern-day adventurer
THE last time I interviewed an explorer, he got lost on the way to our meeting. Sir Ranulph Fiennes had no trouble finding...
Newspaper Article
Cognitive stimulation for persons with dementia: A systematic review and meta- analysis
Objective: We aim to provide an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of cognitive stimulation (CS) on cognition, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in persons with dementia. Factors affecting the treatment effect were examined.
Methods: A literature search was performed on databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, and Cochrane Library up to 7 March 2019. Only randomised controlled trials investigating the effects of CS in persons with dementia were included. The outcome measures were cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and quality of life.
Results: 20 randomised controlled trials with a total of 1251 participants (intervention group: 674; control group: 577) were included for meta-analysis. Most participants had mild to moderate dementia. CS had a significant positive small-to-moderate effect on cognition (Hedges's g = 0.313, p < 0.001). Heterogeneity of CS was low to moderate (Q=30.5854, df=19, p < 0.05, I2 = 37.877%). Inconclusive results were found for depressive symptoms and quality of life.
Conclusion: CS has a significant positive effect on cognitive function, but its effect on depressive symptoms and quality of life was inconclusive. Future studies with more robust methodology establishing evidence of its efficacy are required.
Journal Article
Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Depressive Symptoms in Urban Chinese Women during Midlife
Depression is common in women with much research focusing on hormonal changes and menopausal symptoms but with little exploration of psychosocial problems in midlife. This study investigates the prevalence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms in midlife Chinese women and its association with psychosocial factors.
A cross-sectional, community-based household survey of women aged 45 to 64 years of age was conducted in Hong Kong from September 2010 to March 2011. The structured questionnaire included demographic data, educational status, marital status and household income, as well as perceived current stressful events and significant life events in the past 12 months. Information on clinically relevant depressive symptoms was measured by the validated chinese Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).
A total of 402 participants were recruited in the study period. Of the 393 women who completed the questionnaire, the prevalence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score≧10) was 11.0%. In multiple regression analysis, being single/divorced/separated/widowed, having an educational level of primary school level or below, having multiple chronic diseases, loss of hobby or loss of close social support in the past 12 months in midlife were associated with clinically relevant depressive symptoms.
Correlates of clinically relevant depressive symptoms in midlife Chinese women can be used to identify those at increased risk and potentiate further studies to explore early psychosocial and community interventions.
Journal Article