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"Woodman, Dan"
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Youth cultures, transitions, and generations : bridging the gap in youth research
\"Within the diversity of contemporary youth research there are two dominant streams that can be categorized under the broad headings of 'transitions' and 'cultures' perspectives. This collection sets forth a challenge to youth studies, with the contributors arguing that social change means it is no longer possible to understand the experience of young people through this transitions/cultures prism. The future of youth studies, it is argued, will require new conceptual foundations, capable of bridging the gap between transitions and cultures approaches to researching youth. The chapters, including contributions from some of the most established names in contemporary youth studies, draw on a wide variety of alternative concepts, including generation, assemblage, field and belonging to rethink how the study of young lives should be pursued in the coming decades. \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Young people's friendships in the context of non-standard work patterns
Non-standard patterns of paid work are increasing in Australia, and young people are among the most affected. To investigate the impact of non-standard work schedules on young people's relationships, this article draws on data from 50 interviews conducted in 2008 and 4 surveys conducted between 2007 and 2012 with 636 young people (aged 18-24 years), all participating in the Life Patterns Project longitudinal study of youth in Australia. Over the 6 years, a majority of participants were engaged in non-standard work, working weekends, evenings or public holidays. A significant minority also faced weekly variability in their work schedules. The interview data suggest that these patterns of employment can be considered unsocial, making it more difficult to find regular periods of time together with a group of friends. Interview discussion also suggests that as a substitute for a greater quantity of shared time, some young people seek out shared experiences felt to be intense or out of the ordinary, such as that facilitated by alcohol consumption, to make the most of limited opportunities to bond with a group of close friends.
Journal Article
Life out of synch
Young people increasingly mix study with variable hours of employment in a precarious youth labour market. Drawing on interview material from 50 participants (supported by questionnaire data from 1294 participants) from a longitudinal study of the post-secondary school transitions in Australia, this article explores how these patterns of work and study impact on young people's friendships. As the participants left school they moved into new courses of study, in which timetables shifted each semester, and employment in which the hours they worked also varied, sometimes each week. This increasingly common temporal structure shaped the participants' lives in inconsistent and singular ways that made it more challenging for many, but not all, to find regular periods of shared time to maintain close friendships and to build new acquaintances into deeper friendships. Some participants had the resources to manage this emerging variable temporal structure without it having a major impact on their relationships.
Journal Article
No Time for a ‘Time Out’? Managing Time around (Non)Drinking
Young people’s drinking represents a nexus between time, temporalities and social practices. While drinking and intoxication have previously been considered a way to achieve a youthful sense of ‘time out’, young people’s drinking is declining in Australia and other high-income countries, suggesting alcohol’s centrality in young people’s leisure time has diminished. Drawing on interviews with light and non-drinker teenagers from Melbourne, Australia, we develop Adorno’s concept of ‘free time’ to show how young people’s time use practices – including how they incorporate alcohol into their lives – are more than ever shaped by social and economic pressures. We framed participants’ discussion of time and its relationship to drinking as a) using free time ‘productively’, b) being opportunistic around busy schedules, and c) the importance of using time for restoration. These framings suggest fragmented and pressure-filled patterns of free time may challenge drinking as a ‘time out’ practice for young people.
Journal Article
Youth Policy and Generations: Why Youth Policy Needs to ‘Rethink Youth’
There is an emerging consensus that new approaches are needed to take account of the impact of social conditions on young people's lives. We argue that an approach informed by the sociology of generations can highlight the interrelationships between changing social context and life patterns. This approach enables policies that aim to enhance the social inclusion of youth at risk to recognise the intersections between individual and social transitions that shape the changing experience of youth. We argue that social change needs to be recognised in order to ensure that policies are based on a sound understanding of new patterns in young lives.
Journal Article
Young people's friendships in the context of non-standard work patterns
Non-standard patterns of paid work are increasing in Australia, and young people are among the most affected. To investigate the impact of non-standard work schedules on young people's relationships, this article draws on data from 50 interviews conducted in 2008 and 4 surveys conducted between 2007 and 2012 with 636 young people (aged 18-24 years), all participating in the Life Patterns Project longitudinal study of youth in Australia. Over the 6 years, a majority of participants were engaged in non-standard work, working weekends, evenings or public holidays. A significant minority also faced weekly variability in their work schedules. The interview data suggest that these patterns of employment can be considered unsocial, making it more difficult to find regular periods of time together with a group of friends. Interview discussion also suggests that as a substitute for a greater quantity of shared time, some young people seek out shared experiences felt to be intense or out of the ordinary, such as that facilitated by alcohol consumption, to make the most of limited opportunities to bond with a group of close friends.
Journal Article
Contemporary contestations over working time: time for health to weigh in
Background
Non-communicable disease (NCD) incidence and prevalence is of central concern to most nations, along with international agencies such as the UN, OECD, IMF and World Bank. As a result, the search has begun for ‘causes of the cause’ behind health risks and behaviours responsible for the major NCDs. As part of this effort, researchers are turning their attention to charting the temporal nature of societal changes that might be associated with the rapid rise in NCDs. From this, the experience of time and its allocation are increasingly understood to be key individual and societal resources for health (7–9).
The interdisciplinary study outlined in this paper will produce a systematic analysis of the behavioural health dimensions, or ‘health time economies’ (quantity and quality of time necessary for the practice of health behaviours), that have accompanied labour market transitions of the last 30 years - the period in which so many NCDs have risen sharply.
Methods/Design
The study takes a mixed-methods approach to capture and explain the relationships between work time and health behaviours. It combines: longitudinal analysis of temporal organisation of work in Australia, with the goal of establishing associations between labour timescapes and health behavioursand health time economies; an in-depth qualitative investigation of employee experiences of the perceived impact of their labour timescapes on ‘health time economies’; and, a stakeholder analysis, will uncover whether, how and why (or why not) stakeholders consider health an important dimension- of work and industrial relations policy, and what efforts are being made to mitigate health impacts of work.
Discussion
The study posits that time is a key mechanism through which particular forms of labour market policies impact health. The labour market flexibility agenda appears to be operating as a time re-distributive device: it has supported the removal of regulations that governed ‘the when’ of working time and removed limits over the amount of working time, thus extending by many hours the notion of the ‘standard’ working week and forcing employees to adapt their shared or social times as well as their time for health.
Journal Article
Delivering sustainability promise to HVAC air filtration–part I: classification of energy efficiency for air filters
Energy cost and use have become a global concern. ASHRAE has introduced sustainability goals for energy efficiency and healthy indoor environments. How should we deliver such sustainability promises to air filtration in HVAC systems? There is a growing demand from end users and filter manufactures to classify the air filters not only by particulate removal efficiency, but also by energy efficiency. Currently, all the filters are classified only by particulate removal efficiency and none of existing standards such as ASHRAE 52.2-2007 or EN779:2002 addresses the issue of energy efficiency. In this paper, two methods are introduced to classify the filter energy efficiency: key energy performance (kep) number and wattage. Four different models were applied to calculate the average pressure drop vs. dust loading as it is a critical variable to the energy efficiency. A new exponential model proposed in this research showed excellent consistency to experimental data of pressure drop during the dust loading process of ASHRAE 52.2 full test.
Journal Article
