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Objective Anatomic unit resection surgery (AURS), previously introduced, significantly improves the prognosis of oral cell squamous carcinoma (OSCC) patients with posterior oral anatomical complex (POAC) involvement. This study aims to evaluate the necessity of AURS in patients with OSCC suspected to involve the POAC. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 127 patients diagnosed OSCC with identical POAC involvement or suspected POAC involvement. Patients were classified based on the extent of POAC involvement determined from preoperative imaging. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to identify the impact of surgery approaches on the prognosis of patients. Univariable and multivariable cox analysis were conducted to identify independent prognostic factors of the patients. Results In total, 65 patients with suspected POAC involvement, 24 cases underwent AURS while 41 underwent conventional surgery. 62 patients with identical POAC involvement, 31 cases underwent AURS while 31 underwent conventional surgery. The AURS group demonstrated significantly superior disease-free survival (DFS) rates (75.0% vs. 43.9%) and local-regional control rates (79.2% vs. 48.8%) for suspected POAC involvement. For identical POAC involvement, AURS also resulted in better DFS (51.6% vs. 19.4%) and local-regional control (64.5% vs. 25.8%). Surgery protocol, tumor involvement level, lymphatic invasion and pN staging were identified as independent prognostic factors for both DFS and local-regional control. Conclusions AURS is a necessary surgical approach for both suspected and identical POAC involvement in OSCC patients, significantly improving prognosis and local-regional control rate.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral malignancy, and metastasis accounts for the poor prognosis of OSCC. Autophagy is considered to facilitate OSCC development by mitigating various cellular stresses; nevertheless, the mechanisms of autophagy in OSCC cell proliferation and metastasis remain unknown. In our study, high-sensitivity label-free quantitative proteomics analysis revealed nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1) as the most significantly upregulated protein in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour samples derived from OSCC patients with or without lymphatic metastasis. Moreover, NUPR1 is aberrantly expressed in the OSCC tissues and predicts low overall survival rates for OSCC patients. Notably, based on tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic analysis between stable NUPR1 knockdown OSCC cells and scrambled control OSCC cells, we confirmed that NUPR1 maintained autophagic flux and lysosomal functions by directly increasing transcription factor E3 (TFE3) activity, which promoted OSCC cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our data revealed that the NUPR1–TFE3 axis is a critical regulator of the autophagic machinery in OSCC progression, and this study may provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of OSCC.

Recent studies have revealed that long non-coding RNAs participate in all steps of cancer initiation and progression by regulating protein-coding genes at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels. Long non-coding RNAs are in turn regulated by other genes, forming a complex regulatory network. The regulation networks between the p53 tumor suppressor and these RNAs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma remains unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate the regulatory roles of the TP53 gene in regulating long non-coding RNA expression profiles and to study the function of a TP53-regulated long non-coding RNA (LOC401317) in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line HNE2. Long non-coding RNA expression profiling indicated that 133 long non-coding RNAs were upregulated in the human NPC cell line HNE2 cells following TP53 overexpression, while 1057 were downregulated. Among these aberrantly expressed long non-coding RNAs, LOC401317 was the most significantly upregulated one. Further studies indicated that LOC401317 is directly regulated by p53 and that ectopic expression of LOC401317 inhibits HNE2 cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. LOC401317 inhibited cell cycle progression by increasing p21 expression and decreasing cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 expression and promoted apoptosis through the induction of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase-3 cleavage. Collectively, these results suggest that LOC401317 is directly regulated by p53 and exerts antitumor effects in HNE2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.

Traditional therapeutics have encountered a bottleneck caused by diagnosis delay and subjective and unreliable assessment. Biomarkers can overcome this bottleneck and guide us toward personalized precision medicine for oral squamous cell carcinoma. To achieve this, it is important to efficiently and accurately screen out specific biomarkers from among the huge number of molecules. Progress in omics-based high-throughput technology has laid a solid foundation for biomarker discovery. With credible and systemic biomarker models, more precise and personalized diagnosis and assessment would be achieved and patients would be more likely to be cured and have a higher quality of life. However, this is not straightforward owing to the complexity of molecules involved in tumorigenesis. In this context, there is a need to focus on tumor heterogeneity and homogeneity, which are discussed in detail. In this review, we aim to provide an understanding of biomarker discovery and application for precision medicine of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and have a strong belief that biomarker will pave the road toward future precision medicine.

Background Salivary fistula is a relatively common complication in patients who have undergone a parotidectomy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of bipolar coagulation forceps use on salivary fistulas. Methods From March 2015 to June 2020, 177 patients who underwent a parotidectomy in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were recruited. The patients were divided into an experimental group and a control group based on whether bipolar coagulation forceps or sutures were used, respectively. Results The drainage output of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( p  = 0.04). The duration of dressing pressure applied in the experimental group was significantly shorter than that in the control group ( p  = 0.0003). Moreover, the incidence of salivary fistula in the experimental group (9.8%, 8/82) was notably lower than that in the control group (34.7%, 33/95) ( p  < 0.0001). In the logistic regression model for salivary fistula development, both the use of bipolar coagulation forceps ( p  = 0.0021) and drainage output ( p  = 0.0237) were associated with the presence of salivary fistulas. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the use of bipolar coagulation forceps decreases the incidence of salivary fistula in patients who have undergone a parotidectomy. The use of bipolar coagulation forceps is a safe, effective, and convenient method to prevent salivary fistulas in patients who undergo a parotidectomy. Trial registration : Current Controlled Trials ChiCTR2100044722, Date: 26/03/2021, Retrospectively registered.

Long non-coding RNAs （lncRNAs）, which represent a new frontier in molecular biology, play important roles in regulating gene expression at epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. More and more lncRNAs have been found to play important roles in normal cell physiological activities, and participate in the development of varieties of tumors and other dis- eases. Previously, we have only been able to determine the function of lncRNAs through multiple mechanisms, including ge- netic imprinting, chromatin remodeling, splicing regulation, mRNA decay, and translational regulation. Application of techno- logical advances to research into the function of lncRNAs is extremely important. The major tools for exploring lncRNAs in- clude microarrays, RNA sequencing （RNA-seq）, Northern blotting, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR）, fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH）, RNA interference （RNAi）, RNA-binding protein im- munoprecipitation （RIP）, chromatin isolation by RNA purification （CHIRP）, crosslinking-immunopurification （CLIP）, and bi- oinformatic prediction. In this review, we highlight the functions of lncRNAs, and advanced methods to research lncRNA-protein interactions.

ObjectivesStatistics on the rate of unconventional lymph node metastases (ULNM) at the time of one-stage radical surgery in tongue cancer patients. To assess whether an extended neck dissection group with additional removal of ULNs has a lower rate of neck recurrence compared to the traditional neck dissection group.Materials and methodsA total of 336 patients with TSCC who underwent radical surgery were recruited and underwent traditional or extended neck dissection. Compared to traditional neck dissection, the aim of extended neck dissection is designed to additional resect ULNs.ResultsIn total, 180 patients underwent extended neck dissection, while 156 underwent traditional neck dissection. The incidence of ULNM was 11.67% (21/180) in patients treated with extended neck dissection. The incidence of ipsilateral neck recurrence was 9.49% and 0.56% in patients who underwent traditional and extended neck dissection, respectively (p = 0.0001).ConclusionsExtended neck dissection is effective for preventing neck recurrence in TSCC patients with ULNs.Clinical relevanceULNM may be the main cause of neck recurrence after neck dissection in patients with tongue cancer. A better prognosis may be achieved by additional resection of ULNs on the basis of traditional neck dissection.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck malignant tumor. However, its pathological mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we screened for candidate tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs) related to OSCC among 10 candidate genes located in 3p21.3, a region abundant with TSGs based on previous studies, using semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Three genes, GNAT1, SEMA3B and AXUD1, with low or no expression in OSCC tissues and the cell line TCA8113 were selected, and the promoter methylation status was further analyzed by methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR). Hypermethylation in the promoter regions of SEMA3B was found in OSCC tissues, and a significant difference in the frequency of methylation of SEMA3B was observed between OSCC and non-cancerous tissues. Furthermore, TCA8113 cells treated with 5-Aza-Cdc started to re-express SEMA3B at a concentration of 5 μM or higher. Our study confirmed that three candidate TSGs with low expression may be involved in OSCC and that hypermethylation in promoter regions may contribute to the low expression of SEMA3B. These findings offer novel insights for clarifying the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis of OSCC as well as for aiding in its clinical diagnosis and therapeutic strategy.

The φ16 mm single-crystal copper rod billet was prepared by the heated mold horizontal continuous casting process. After cold drawing + 600 °C× 5 s annealing to φ1 mm, the annealed φ1 mm single-crystal copper processing wire was cold drawn to φ0.2 mm (φ1 mm → φ0.2 mm), and the electrical conductivity, tensile strength and microstructure evolution of single-crystal copper wire were compared and analyzed. The research shows that the conductivity of the as-cast single-crystal copper rod is 102.1% IACS, the tensile strength is 141 MPa, the conductivity is as high as 97.26% IACS, after cold drawing to φ0.2 mm, and the tensile strength is greatly increased to 506 MPa. Compared with the as-cast properties, the electrical conductivity of the as-drawn wire is only reduced by 4.7%, while the tensile strength is increased by 258.9%. The as-cast rod exhibits typical characteristics of single-crystal copper; with the increasing amount of deformation, the microstructure evolves in the following form: dislocations generated by slip entanglement into dislocation cells → microstrip structure → layered structure → twin structure. A prediction model for the strength and electrical conductivity of single-crystal copper wire was constructed. The results show that grain refinement strengthening and dislocation strengthening are the key factors affecting the strength and conductivity of single-crystal copper wire, when deformed to φ0.2 mm, and twinning strengthening is superimposed in the above strengthening mechanism.