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"Wu, Jian"
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Association between dietary niacin intake and kidney stones in American adults
The evidence regarding the relationship between dietary niacin intake and kidney stones is limited. This study aims to investigate the association of dietary niacin intake with the prevalence of kidney stones among adults in the United States. The present cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018. Dietary niacin intake was obtained from the first 24-h dietary recalls. The history of kidney stones was assessed by a questionnaire. Weighted logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS) and stratified analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between dietary niacin intake and the risk of kidney stones. A total of 28,508 participants were included. In the full adjusted model, an inverse relationship between dietary niacin intake and kidney stones was observed. Compared to individuals in the lowest dietary niacin intake group, those in the highest group had lower odds of developing kidney stones (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63–0.97). RCS analysis showed a L-shaped relationship between niacin intake and kidney stones (P for non-linearity = 0.047). Stratified analysis indicated that this inverse associations appeared to be stronger among participants aged blew 60 years (P for interaction < 0.05). This cross-sectional study indicated that dietary niacin intake was associated with a decreased risk of kidney stones in US adults, especially in individuals under 60 years of age. Our findings suggest that appropriate doses of niacin intake may reduce the risk of kidney stones. Further research is required to confirm our findings and clarify the casual relationship.
Journal Article
Body mass index mediates the association between the dietary index for gut microbiota and kidney stones: a cross-sectional study
Background
Although previous studies have evaluated the association between the Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM) and kidney stone formation, highlighting the potential role of diet-modulated gut microbiota in urolithiasis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In particular, the mediating role of body mass index (BMI) in the relationship between DI-GM and kidney stone risk has not yet been thoroughly investigated.
Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2007–2018. We applied weighted multivariable logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, and subgroup analyses to examine the relationship between DI-GM and kidney stones. Additionally, mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential role of BMI.
Results
The present study comprised a total of 29,988 participants, of whom 2,852 had a history of kidney stones. Fully adjusted model demonstrated an inverse association of DI-GM with kidney stones (odds ratio = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93–0.99,
P
= 0.004). RCS analysis indicated a non-linear association (
P
for non-linearity < 0.001). Mediation analysis estimated that BMI accounted for 9.8% of the total effect of DI-GM on kidney stones risk.
Conclusion
While prior studies have demonstrated a link between DI-GM and kidney stones, our findings extend this knowledge by identifying BMI as a significant mediator of this relationship. These results provide new insights into the potential pathways linking diet, gut microbiota, body weight, and kidney stone risk. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and clarify causal relationships.
Journal Article
Sex difference for the risk of amputation in diabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
The risk of amputation is a sequelae of diabetic foot ulceration, which are significantly increased in diabetic patients and caused huge morbidly and mortality. However, whether the risk amputation in diabetic patients are differing in male and female remains inconclusive. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the sex difference for the risk of amputation in diabetic patients. We systematically searched PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane library to identify eligible study from their inception up to November 2020. The diagnostic value of male patients on subsequent amputation risk were assessed by using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio (PLR and NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Twenty-two studies recruited a total of 33,686,171 diabetic patients were selected for quantitative analysis. The risk of amputation in male diabetic patients was greater than female diabetic patients (DOR: 1.38; 95%CI: 1.13–1.70; P <0.001). The sensitivity and specificity for male diabetic patients on the risk of amputation were 0.72 (95%CI: 0.72–0.73), and 0.51 (95%CI: 0.51–0.51), respectively. Moreover, the PLR and NLR of male diabetic patients for predicting amputation were 1.13 (95%CI: 1.05–1.22), and 0.82 (0.72–0.94), respectively. Furthermore, the AUC for male diabetic patients on amputation risk was 0.56 (95%CI: 0.48–0.63). This study found male diabetic patients was associated with an increased risk of amputation than female diabetic patients, and the predictive value of sex difference on amputation risk in diabetic patients was mild.
Journal Article
Bionic gliding underwater robots : design, control, and implementation
\"Underwater robots play a significant role in ocean exploration. This book provides full coverage of the theoretical and practical aspects of bionic gliding underwater robots, including system design, modeling control and motion planning. To overcome the inherent shortcomings of traditional underwater robots that can simultaneously lack maneuverability and endurance, a new type of robot, the bionic gliding underwater robot, has attracted much attention from scientists and engineers. On the one hand, by imitating the appearance and swimming mechanisms of natural creatures, bionic gliding underwater robots achieve high maneuverability, swimming efficiency, and strong concealment. On the other hand, borrowing from the buoyancy adjustment systems of underwater gliders, bionic gliding underwater robots can obtain strong endurance, which is significant in practical applications. Taking gliding robotic dolphin and fish as examples, the designed prototypes and proposed methods are discussed, offering valuable insights into the development of next-generation underwater robots that are well-suited for various oceanic applications. This book will be of great interest to students and professionals alike in the field of robotics or intelligent control. It will also be a great reference for engineers or technicians who deal with the development of underwater robots\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Quality of Information in Gallstone Disease Videos on TikTok: Cross-sectional Study
TikTok was an important channel for consumers to access and adopt health information. But the quality of health content in TikTok remains underinvestigated.
Our study aimed to identify upload sources, contents, and feature information of gallstone disease videos on TikTok and further evaluated the factors related to video quality.
We investigated the first 100 gallstone-related videos on TikTok and analyzed these videos' upload sources, content, and characteristics. The quality of videos was evaluated using quantitative scoring tools such as DISCERN instrument, the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, and Global Quality Scores (GQS). Moreover, the correlation between video quality and video characteristics, including duration, likes, comments, and shares, was further investigated.
According to video sources, 81% of the videos were posted by doctors. Furthermore, disease knowledge was the most dominant video content, accounting for 56% of all the videos. The mean DISCERN, JAMA, and GQS scores of all 100 videos are 39.61 (SD 11.36), 2.00 (SD 0.40), and 2.76 (SD 0.95), respectively. According to DISCERN and GQS, gallstone-related videos' quality score on TikTok is not high, mainly at fair (43/100, 43%,) and moderate (46/100, 46%). The total DISCERN scores of doctors were significantly higher than that of individuals and news agencies, surgery techniques were significantly higher than lifestyle and news, and disease knowledge was significantly higher than news, respectively. DISCERN scores and video duration were positively correlated. Negative correlations were found between DISCERN scores and likes and shares of videos. In GQS analysis, no significant differences were found between groups based on different sources or different contents. JAMA was excluded in the video quality and correlation analysis due to a lack of discrimination and inability to evaluate the video quality accurately.
Although the videos of gallstones on TikTok are mainly provided by doctors and contain disease knowledge, they are of low quality. We found a positive correlation between video duration and video quality. High-quality videos received low attention, and popular videos were of low quality. Medical information on TikTok is currently not rigorous enough to guide patients to make accurate judgments. TikTok was not an appropriate source of knowledge to educate patients due to the low quality and reliability of the information.
Journal Article
Double-walled Al-based MOF with large microporous specific surface area for trace benzene adsorption
Double-walled metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), synthesized using Zn and Co, are potential porous materials for trace benzene adsorption. Aluminum is with low-toxicity and abundance in nature, in comparison with Zn and Co. Therefore, a double-walled Al-based MOF, named as ZJU-520(Al), with large microporous specific surface area of 2235 m
2
g
–1
, pore size distribution in the range of 9.26–12.99 Å and excellent chemical stability, was synthesized. ZJU-520(Al) is consisted by helical chain of AlO
6
clusters and 4,6-Di(4-carboxyphenyl)pyrimidine ligands. Trace benzene adsorption of ZJU-520(Al) is up to 5.98 mmol g
–1
at 298 K and
P/P
0
= 0.01. Adsorbed benzene molecules are trapped on two types of sites. One (site I) is near the AlO
6
clusters, another (site II) is near the N atom of ligands, using Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations. ZJU-520(Al) can effectively separate trace benzene from mixed vapor flow of benzene and cyclohexane, due to the adsorption affinity of benzene higher than that of cyclohexane. Therefore, ZJU-520(Al) is a potential adsorbent for trace benzene adsorption and benzene/cyclohexane separation.
Trace benzene poses a risk to the health and safety of humans, resulting in a challenging task. Here authors synthesise double-walled Al-based MOF ZJU-520(Al) with trace benzene adsorption (5.98 mmol g
–1
) and excellent benzene/cyclohexane separation ability.
Journal Article