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"Wu, L"
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Identification and molecular characterization of tea-oil camellia-associated totivirus 1
A novel dsRNA virus was identified by high-throughput sequencing from tea oil trees in China. Its complete genome of 4714 bp contains two open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 encodes a putative coat protein (CP) of 702 amino acids (aa), and ORF2 codes for an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of 855 aa. The virus shares the highest aa sequence identity of 45.21% in RdRp with taro-associated totivirus L (MN_119621), a member of the genus Totivirus in the family Totiviridae. Phylogenetic analysis of the aa sequences of the RdRp places the new virus in a group with other totiviruses, suggesting that this virus, which is provisionally named \"tea-oil camellia-associated totivirus 1\", should be considered a member of the genus Totivirus.
Journal Article
من يحكم الإنترنت ؟ : أوهام عالم بلا حدود
يدور الكتاب حول مصير فكرة مفادها يمكن للإنترنت أن يحرر أجسادنا المادية من كافة الحواجز والأطر الحدودية وسنتعرف من خلال هذا الكتاب على ما جرى بين \"جوجل\" والحكومة الفرنسية واستسلام \"ياهو\" للحكومة الصينية وكيف يضع الاتحاد الأوروبي معايير الخصوصية على الإنترنت لخدمة العالم كله وكفاح شركة إيباي ebay مع عمليات النصب وكيف أنه خلال عشر سنوات من الأحداث المتوالية، تلاشت تلك الفكرة حيث استطاعت الحكومات التأكيد على قوتها في توجيه مستقبل الإنترنت وإن مصير الإنترنت خلال السنوات القادمة على حد قول \"جولدسميث\" و\"وو\"، سيعكس مصالح الدول الكبرى والصراعات التي ستدور بينها.
BOOK
piRNA-823 contributes to tumorigenesis by regulating de novo DNA methylation and angiogenesis in multiple myeloma
Aberrant DNA hypermethylation contributes to myelomagenesis by silencing tumor-suppressor genes. Recently, a few reports have suggested that a novel class of small non-coding RNAs, called Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), may be involved in the epigenetic regulation of cancer. In this study, for the first time we provided evidence that the expression of piRNA-823 was upregulated in multiple myeloma (MM) patients and cell lines, and positively correlated with clinical stage. Silencing piRNA-823 in MM cells induced deregulation of cell cycle regulators and apoptosis-related proteins expression, accompanied by inhibition of tumorigenicity
in vitro
and
in vivo
. Moreover, piRNA-823 was directly relevant to
de novo
DNA methyltransferases, DNMT3A and 3B, in primary CD138
+
MM cells. The inhibited expression of piRNA-823 in MM cells resulted in marked reduction of DNMT3A and 3B at both mRNA and protein levels, which in turn led to decrease in global DNA methylation and reexpression of methylation-silenced tumor suppressor, p16
INK4A
. In addition, piRNA-823 abrogation in MM cells induced reduction of vascular endothelial growth factor secretion, with consequent decreased proangiogenic activity. Altogether, these data support an oncogenic role of piRNA-823 in the biology of MM, providing a rational for the development of piRNA-targeted therapeutic strategies in MM.
Journal Article
Trial of Thrombectomy 6 to 24 Hours after Stroke Due to Basilar-Artery Occlusion
In a Chinese trial, endovascular thrombectomy at 6 to 24 hours led to more good outcomes than standard care but also to more cerebral hemorrhages. Approximately 20% of patients received intravenous thrombolysis.
Journal Article
Nanocavity optomechanical torque magnetometry and radiofrequency susceptometry
Nanophotonic optomechanical devices allow the observation of nanoscale vibrations with a sensitivity that has dramatically advanced the metrology of nanomechanical structures and has the potential to impact studies of nanoscale physical systems in a similar manner. Here we demonstrate this potential with a nanophotonic optomechanical torque magnetometer and radiofrequency (RF) magnetic susceptometer. Exquisite readout sensitivity provided by a nanocavity integrated within a torsional nanomechanical resonator enables observations of the unique net magnetization and RF-driven responses of single mesoscopic magnetic structures in ambient conditions. The magnetic moment resolution is sufficient for the observation of Barkhausen steps in the magnetic hysteresis of a lithographically patterned permalloy island. In addition, significantly enhanced RF susceptibility is found over narrow field ranges and attributed to thermally assisted driven hopping of a magnetic vortex core between neighbouring pinning sites. The on-chip magnetosusceptometer scheme offers a promising path to powerful integrated cavity optomechanical devices for the quantitative characterization of magnetic micro- and nanosystems in science and technology.
Journal Article
Microphysical properties of frozen particles inferred from Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) polarimetric measurements
Scattering differences induced by frozen particle microphysical properties are investigated, using the vertically (V) and horizontally (H) polarized radiances from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) 89 and 166 GHz channels. It is the first study on frozen particle microphysical properties on a global scale that uses the dual-frequency microwave polarimetric signals.From the ice cloud scenes identified by the 183.3 ± 3 GHz channel brightness temperature (Tb), we find that the scattering by frozen particles is highly polarized, with V–H polarimetric differences (PDs) being positive throughout the tropics and the winter hemisphere mid-latitude jet regions, including PDs from the GMI 89 and 166 GHz TBs, as well as the PD at 640 GHz from the ER-2 Compact Scanning Submillimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (CoSSIR) during the TC4 campaign. Large polarization dominantly occurs mostly near convective outflow regions (i.e., anvils or stratiform precipitation), while the polarization signal is small inside deep convective cores as well as at the remote cirrus region. Neglecting the polarimetric signal would easily result in as large as 30 % error in ice water path retrievals. There is a universal bell curve in the PD–TBV relationship, where the PD amplitude peaks at ∼ 10 K for all three channels in the tropics and increases slightly with latitude (2–4 K). Moreover, the 166 GHz PD tends to increase in the case where a melting layer is beneath the frozen particles aloft in the atmosphere, while 89 GHz PD is less sensitive than 166 GHz to the melting layer. This property creates a unique PD feature for the identification of the melting layer and stratiform rain with passive sensors.Horizontally oriented non-spherical frozen particles are thought to produce the observed PD because of different ice scattering properties in the V and H polarizations. On the other hand, turbulent mixing within deep convective cores inevitably promotes the random orientation of these particles, a mechanism that works effectively in reducing the PD. The current GMI polarimetric measurements themselves cannot fully disentangle the possible mechanisms.
Journal Article
Osimertinib or Platinum–Pemetrexed in EGFR T790M–Positive Lung Cancer
In a randomized trial involving patients with non–small-cell lung cancer with mutant EGFR (T790M) in whom a tyrosine kinase inhibitor had failed, osimertinib was associated with significantly longer progression-free survival than platinum therapy plus pemetrexed.
Among patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer with a mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard first-line therapy.
1
–
4
Despite high tumor response rates with first-line EGFR-TKIs, disease progresses in a majority of patients after 9 to 13 months of treatment.
5
–
12
At the time of progression, approximately 60% of patients (regardless of race or ethnic background) are found to have a p.Thr790Met point mutation (T790M) in the gene encoding EGFR.
13
–
16
The presence of the T790M variant reduces binding of first-generation or second-generation EGFR-TKIs to the ATP-binding pocket of EGFR, thereby reducing . . .
Journal Article
The entry of nanoparticles into solid tumours
The concept of nanoparticle transport through gaps between endothelial cells (inter-endothelial gaps) in the tumour blood vessel is a central paradigm in cancer nanomedicine. The size of these gaps was found to be up to 2,000 nm. This justified the development of nanoparticles to treat solid tumours as their size is small enough to extravasate and access the tumour microenvironment. Here we show that these inter-endothelial gaps are not responsible for the transport of nanoparticles into solid tumours. Instead, we found that up to 97% of nanoparticles enter tumours using an active process through endothelial cells. This result is derived from analysis of four different mouse models, three different types of human tumours, mathematical simulation and modelling, and two different types of imaging techniques. These results challenge our current rationale for developing cancer nanomedicine and suggest that understanding these active pathways will unlock strategies to enhance tumour accumulation.
The dominant mechanism of nanoparticle entry into solid tumours has now been shown to be an active trans-endothelial pathway rather than the currently established passive transport via inter-endothelial gaps.
Journal Article
EEG Signatures of Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity States
The human brain operates by dynamically modulating different neural populations to enable goal directed behavior. The synchrony or lack thereof between different brain regions is thought to correspond to observed functional connectivity dynamics in resting state brain imaging data. In a large sample of healthy human adult subjects and utilizing a sliding windowed correlation method on functional imaging data, earlier we demonstrated the presence of seven distinct functional connectivity states/patterns between different brain networks that reliably occur across time and subjects. Whether these connectivity states correspond to meaningful electrophysiological signatures was not clear. In this study, using a dataset with concurrent EEG and resting state functional imaging data acquired during eyes open and eyes closed states, we demonstrate the replicability of previous findings in an independent sample, and identify EEG spectral signatures associated with these functional network connectivity changes. Eyes open and eyes closed conditions show common and different connectivity patterns that are associated with distinct EEG spectral signatures. Certain connectivity states are more prevalent in the eyes open case and some occur only in eyes closed state. Both conditions exhibit a state of increased thalamocortical anticorrelation associated with reduced EEG spectral alpha power and increased delta and theta power possibly reflecting drowsiness. This state occurs more frequently in the eyes closed state. In summary, we find a link between dynamic connectivity in fMRI data and concurrently collected EEG data, including a large effect of vigilance on functional connectivity. As demonstrated with EEG and fMRI, the stationarity of connectivity cannot be assumed, even for relatively short periods.
Journal Article