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In a Chinese trial, endovascular thrombectomy at 6 to 24 hours led to more good outcomes than standard care but also to more cerebral hemorrhages. Approximately 20% of patients received intravenous thrombolysis.

Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) represents a prevalent and complex orthopedic condition, intricately linked to multifaceted dysregulation of the immune system. Prolonged administration of high doses of GCs (GCs) represents a major cause of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), with its pathogenesis rooted in the interaction between immune cell dysfunction and imbalances in bone metabolism. This review systematically explores the molecular mechanisms through which GCs induce osteonecrosis via immunological pathways, with emphasis on the impact of macrophage polarization imbalance on the disruption of the bone immune microenvironment. This encompasses the metabolic reprogramming of macrophages and the involvement of critical signaling pathways. This study sought to establish a comprehensive theoretical framework for the immunological regulatory mechanisms underlying SONFH, to provide a detailed understanding of the mechanisms by which GCs induce bone immune disorders, and to offer a robust theoretical foundation for the formulation of early intervention strategies.

With the rapid growth of renewable energy resources, energy trading has been shifting from the centralized manner to distributed manner. Blockchain, as a distributed public ledger technology, has been widely adopted in the design of new energy trading schemes. However, there are many challenging issues in blockchain-based energy trading, e.g., low efficiency, high transaction cost, and security and privacy issues. To tackle these challenges, many solutions have been proposed. In this survey, the blockchain-based energy trading in the electrical power system is thoroughly investigated. Firstly, the challenges in blockchain-based energy trading are identified and summarized. Then, the existing energy trading schemes are studied and classified into three categories based on their main focuses: energy transaction, consensus mechanism, and system optimization. Blockchain-based energy trading has been a popular research topic, new blockchain architectures, models and products are continually emerging to overcome the limitations of existing solutions, forming a virtuous circle. The internal combination of different blockchain types and the combination of blockchain with other technologies improve the blockchain-based energy trading system to better satisfy the practical requirements of modern power systems. However, there are still some problems to be solved, for example, the lack of regulatory system, environmental challenges and so on. In the future, we will strive for a better optimized structure and establish a comprehensive security assessment model for blockchain-based energy trading system.

Trials of endovascular therapy for basilar artery occlusion, including vertebral occlusion extending into the basilar artery, have shown inconsistent results. We aimed to pool data to estimate safety and efficacy and to explore the benefit across pre-specified subgroups through individual patient data meta-analysis. VERITAS was a systematic review and meta-analysis that pooled patient-level data from trials that recruited patients with vertebrobasilar ischaemic stroke who were randomly assigned to treatment with either endovascular therapy or standard medical treatment alone. We included studies done between Jan 1, 2010, and Sept 1, 2023. The primary outcome was 90-day favourable functional status (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 0–3, with a score of 3 indicating moderate disability). Safety outcomes were symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage and 90-day mortality. We screened 934 titles and abstracts. Of these, seven (<1%) full texts were screened. We included four trials (ATTENTION, BAOCHE, BASICS, and BEST). The pooled data included 988 patients (556 [56%] in the intervention groups and 432 [44%] in the control groups; median age 67 years [IQR 58–74]; 686 (69%) were male and 302 (31%) were female). 904 (91%) patients were randomly assigned within 12 h of estimated stroke onset. Three RCTs were done in a Chinese population and one included European and Brazilian patients. The proportion of patients achieving favourable functional status was higher in the endovascular therapy than control group (90-day mRS score 0–3 in 251 [45%] participants vs 128 [30%]; adjusted common odds ratio 2·41 [95% CI 1·78–3·26]; p<0·0001). Endovascular therapy led to an increase in functional independence (mRS score 0–2 in 194 [35%] participants vs 89 [21%]; 2·52 [1·82–3·48]; p<0·0001) as well as a reduction in both the degree of overall disability (2·09 [1·61–2·71]; p<0·0001) and mortality (198 [36%] of 556 patients vs 196 [45%] of 432; 0·60 [0·45–0·80]; p<0·0001) at 90 days, despite higher rates of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (30 [5%] of 548 vs two [<1%] of 413; 11·98 [2·82–50·81]; p<0·0001). Heterogeneity of treatment effect was noted for baseline stroke severity (uncertain effect in baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale <10) and occlusion site (greater benefit with more proximal occlusions) but not across subgroups defined by age, sex, baseline posterior circulation Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, presence of atrial fibrillation or intracranial atherosclerotic disease, and time from onset to imaging. VERITAS supports the robust benefit of endovascular therapy in patients with vertebrobasilar artery occlusion with moderate to severe symptoms, with approximately 2·5-times increased likelihood of achieving a favourable functional outcome. Despite a significant increase in symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage risk, endovascular therapy for vertebrobasilar artery occlusion was associated with a significant reduction in both overall disability and mortality. Although the benefit of endovascular therapy remains uncertain for patients vertebrobasilar artery occlusion presenting with mild stroke severity and extensive infarcts on neuroimaging, we found a significant clinical benefit across a range of patients with vertebrobasilar artery occlusion. None.

At the nanoscale, elastic strain and crystal defects largely influence the properties and functionalities of materials. The ability to predict the structural evolution of catalytic nanocrystals during the reaction is of primary importance for catalyst design. However, to date, imaging and characterising the structure of defects inside a nanocrystal in three-dimensions and in situ during reaction has remained a challenge. We report here an unusual twin boundary migration process in a single platinum nanoparticle during CO oxidation using Bragg coherent diffraction imaging as the characterisation tool. Density functional theory calculations show that twin migration can be correlated with the relative change in the interfacial energies of the free surfaces exposed to CO. The x-ray technique also reveals particle reshaping during the reaction. In situ and non-invasive structural characterisation of defects during reaction opens new avenues for understanding defect behaviour in confined crystals and paves the way for strain and defect engineering. At the nanoscale, elastic strain and crystal defects largely influence the properties and functionalities of materials. Here, the authors report an unusual twin boundary migration process in a single platinum nanoparticle during carbon monoxide oxidation using Bragg coherent diffraction imaging.

The adult intestinal homeostasis is tightly controlled by proper proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells. The JAK/STAT (Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) signaling pathway is essential for the regulation of adult stem cell activities and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Currently, it remains largely unknown how JAK/STAT signaling activities are regulated in these processes. Here we have identified windpipe (wdp) as a novel component of the JAK/STAT pathway. We demonstrate that Wdp is positively regulated by JAK/STAT signaling in Drosophila adult intestines. Loss of wdp activity results in the disruption of midgut homeostasis under normal and regenerative conditions. Conversely, ectopic expression of Wdp inhibits JAK/STAT signaling activity. Importantly, we show that Wdp interacts with the receptor Domeless (Dome), and promotes its internalization for subsequent lysosomal degradation. Together, these data led us to propose that Wdp acts as a novel negative feedback regulator of the JAK/STAT pathway in regulating intestinal homeostasis.

This paper presents a case study demonstrating the use of the moving least square method (MLS) for modeling the mechanical response of an electrothermal microactuator. Under the MLS framework, the governing equations for heat transfer and structural mechanics are discretized across the computational domain. The resulting discrete electrothermal system is solved accurately through an incremental load and Newton–Raphson iterative method to determine the temperature field. Subsequently, the displacement field is obtained by solving the discrete mechanical equation, which includes contributions from natural boundary conditions. Convergence of the temperature solution is rigorously evaluated across different iterative schemes. The accuracy of the MLS solutions is validated against experimental temperature data and finite element method (FEM) simulations. Results indicate that the temperature distribution obtained from the MLS aligns well with both experimental and FEM results, even under idealized boundary conditions. Additionally, a similarly favorable comparison is observed between the displacement fields predicted by the MLS, polynomial point interpolation collocation method (PPCM), and FEM.

Controlling the selectivity of the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide into value-added chemicals continues to be a major challenge. Bulk and surface lattice strain in nanostructured electrocatalysts affect catalytic activity and selectivity. Here, we unravel the complex dynamics of synergistic lattice strain and stability effects of Cu-Ag tandem catalysts through a previously unexplored combination of in situ nanofocused X-ray absorption spectroscopy and Bragg coherent diffraction imaging. Three-dimensional strain maps reveal the lattice dynamics inside individual nanoparticles as a function of applied potential and product yields. Dynamic relations between strain, redox state, catalytic activity and selectivity are derived. Moderate Ag contents effectively reduce the competing evolution of H 2 and, concomitantly, lead to an enhanced corrosion stability. Findings from this study evidence the power of advanced nanofocused spectroscopy techniques to provide new insights into the chemistry and structure of nanostructured catalysts. Combining in situ nanoprobe techniques paves the way for gaining insights into structure-selectivity relations for electrocatalysts. Herein, the dynamic evolution of lattice strain in individual nanoparticles is directly visualized with nanoscale resolution in Cu-Ag tandem catalysts during the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 into value-added chemicals.

Background Few studies have suggested a relationship between inflammation and cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). This retrospective study aimed to explore the changes in inflammation in different CVT stages and the correlation between inflammation and severity and outcome of CVT. Methods In total, 95 suitable patients with CVT and 41 controls were compared. Patients with CVT were divided into three groups. The inflammatory factors studied included hypersensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the peripheral blood and immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The severity of CVT was evaluated with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), fundus condition, intracranial pressure (ICP), and complications on admission. The short-term outcome was evaluated with the mRS at discharge. Results The following results were obtained: (1) Inflammatory factor levels in patients with CVT were higher than those in the controls. (2) Inflammatory factor levels in the acute and subacute stages were significantly higher than those in the chronic stage (all P  < 0.05). (3) Serum NLR and CSF IgM levels were positively related to baseline degree of disability (odds ratio [OR], 1.279, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.009–1.621, P  = 0.042; OR 1.402, 95% CI 1.036–1.896, P  = 0.028). The Hs-CRP level was positively correlated with the baseline occurrence of seizure (OR 1.040, 95% CI 1.001–1.080, P  = 0.043). The baseline serum NLR ( r  = 0.244, P  = 0.017), CSF IgA ( r  = 0.615, P  < 0.001), CSF IgM ( r  = 0.752, P  < 0.001), and CSF IgG ( r  = 0.248, P  = 0.015) levels were positively associated with NIHSS. (4) The baseline NLR was significantly associated with high risk of poor outcome at discharge (OR 1.339, 95% CI 1.097–1.784, P  = 0.007). Moreover, the ROC showed that NLR ≥ 4.205 could better predict the poor outcome at discharge. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Conclusions Inflammation may develop after CVT and gradually decrease during the course. Inflammation was significantly correlated with severity on admission and short-term poor outcome at discharge in CVT.

Nanostructures with specific crystallographic planes display distinctive physico-chemical properties because of their unique atomic arrangements, resulting in widespread applications in catalysis, energy conversion or sensing. Understanding strain dynamics and their relationship with crystallographic facets have been largely unexplored. Here, we reveal in situ, in three-dimensions and at the nanoscale, the volume, surface and interface strain evolution of single supported platinum nanocrystals during reaction using coherent x-ray diffractive imaging. Interestingly, identical { hkl } facets show equivalent catalytic response during non-stoichiometric cycles. Periodic strain variations are rationalised in terms of O 2 adsorption or desorption during O 2 exposure or CO oxidation under reducing conditions, respectively. During stoichiometric CO oxidation, the strain evolution is, however, no longer facet dependent. Large strain variations are observed in localised areas, in particular in the vicinity of the substrate/particle interface, suggesting a significant influence of the substrate on the reactivity. These findings will improve the understanding of dynamic properties in catalysis and related fields. Understanding strain dynamics and their relationship with crystallographic facets have been largely unexplored. Here the authors demonstrate how the 3D lattice displacement and strain evolution depend on the crystallographic facets of Pt nanoparticles during CO oxidation reaction, providing new insights in the relationship between facet-related surface strain and chemistry.