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Sarcopenia is an age‐related disease and is often accompanied by other diseases. Now, many studies have shown that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) may raise the incidence rate of sarcopenia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with CVDs compared with the general population, defined as relatively healthy non‐hospitalized subjects. The databases of PubMed, Embase, Medline and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies published up to 12 November 2022. Two assessment tools were used to evaluate study quality and the risk of bias. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA 14.0 and R Version 4.1.2. Thirty‐eight out of the 89 629 articles retrieved were included in our review. The prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 10.1% to 68.9% in patients with CVDs, and the pooled prevalence was 35% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 28–42%). The pooled prevalence of sarcopenia was 32% (95% CI: 23–41%) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), 61% (95% CI: 49–72%) in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), 43% (95% CI: 2–85%) in patients with coronary artery disease, 30% (95% CI: 25–35%) in patients with cardiac arrhythmia (CA), 35% (95% CI: 10–59%) in patients with congenital heart disease and 12% (95% CI: 7–17%) in patients with unclassed CVDs. However, in the general population, the prevalence of sarcopenia varied from 2.9% to 28.6% and the pooled prevalence was 13% (95% CI: 9–17%), suggesting that the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with CVDs was about twice compared with the general population. The prevalence of sarcopenia was significantly higher only in patients with ADHF, CHF and CA compared with the general population. There is a positive correlation between CVDs and sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia is higher in patients with CVDs than that in the general population. With global aging, sarcopenia has brought a heavy burden to individuals and society. Therefore, it is important to identify the populations with high‐risk or probable sarcopenia in order to do an early intervention, such as exercise, to counteract or slow down the progress of sarcopenia.

The browning of fruits and vegetables during processing is mainly induced by relevant enzymes and phenolic substances. Potato is a typical material easy to brown, however there is no system research about the content of polyphenols and enzymatic properties in potato. In this study, it was shown that the optimal pH and temperature of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was 6.5 and 40°C. The 0.02% sodium hydrogen sulfite (NaHSO3), L-cysteine (L-cys) and ascorbic acid had good inhibitory effect on PPO activity. The results will provide the theoretical basis and practical guidance for the browning inhibition of fresh-cut potato.

Soy is rich in plant protein, isoflavones, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. To clarify the associations between soy intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) events, we performed a meta-analysis and review. A total of 1963 studies met the inclusion criteria, and 29 articles with 16,521 T2D and 54,213 CVDs events were identified by the eligibility criteria. During a follow-up of 2.5–24 years, the risk of T2D, CVDs, coronary heart disease, and stroke in participants with the highest soy consumption decreased by 17% (total relative risk (TRR) = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74–0.93), 13% (TRR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.81–0.94), 21% (TRR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71–0.88), and 12% (TRR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79–0.99), respectively, compared to the lowest sot consumption. A daily intake of 26.7 g of tofu reduced CVDs risk by 18% (TRR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.74–0.92) and 11.1 g of natto lowered the risk of CVDs by 17% (TRR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.78–0.89), especially stroke. This meta-analysis demonstrated that soy consumption was negatively associated with the risks of T2D and CVDs and a specific quantity of soy products was the most beneficial for the prevention of T2D and CVDs. This study has been registered on PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42022360504).

IntroductionCatheter use is associated with many complications and is an iatrogenic source of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units (ICU). The catheter being studied (Certofix Protect) was developed to reduce the risk of catheter related infections. This clinical trial will compare the safety and efficiency of Certofix Protect with that of an ordinary Certofix catheter.Methods and analysisIn this multicentre trial, we will randomly assigned dual lumen central venous catheterisation (≥5 ds) in patients in the adult ICU to the antimicrobial central venous catheter (CVC) group or the ordinary CVC group. We plan to recruit 12–16 medical centres in China. Our main objective is to assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial CVCs in reducing catheter related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), all cause mortality, catheter colonisation, catheter related thrombosis and other catheter related complications. The primary outcome is the incidence of CRBSI.Ethics and disseminationThe ethics committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University has granted ethics approval for this study (27 January 2015). The results will be published in peer reviewed journals and presented at conferences.Trial registration number NCT02645682.

The browning of fruits and vegetables during processing is mainly induced by relevant enzymes and phenolic substances. Potato is a typical material easy to brown, however there is no system research about the peroxidase (POD) properties in potato. In this study, it was shown that the optimal pH of POD was 6.0. The optimal temperature of POD was 55°C. POD activity was strongly suppressed by 0.02% L-cys and 0.08% ascorbic acid. The results will provide the theoretical basis and practical guidance for the browning inhibition of fresh-cut potato.

•Iron deposition significantly increases with aging in many subcortical nuclei, with uneven distribution within nuclei.•In PD, iron is progressively deposited in the substantia nigra and red nucleus.•In AD, iron is strongly deposited in caudate and putamen.•Regional iron deposition can delineate brain degeneration and predict the severity of neurodegenerative diseases. Brain iron deposition is a promising marker for human brain health, providing insightful information for understanding aging as well as neurodegenerations, e.g., Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). To comprehensively evaluate brain iron deposition along with aging, PD-related neurodegeneration, from prodromal PD (pPD) to clinical PD (cPD), and AD-related neurodegeneration, from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD, a total of 726 participants from July 2013 to December 2020, including 100 young adults, 189 old adults, 184 pPD, 171 cPD, 31 MCI and 51 AD patients, were included. Quantitative susceptibility mapping data were acquired and used to quantify regional magnetic susceptibility, and the resulting spatial standard deviations were recorded. A general linear model was applied to perform the inter-group comparison. As a result, relative to young adults, old adults showed significantly higher iron deposition with higher spatial variation in all of the subcortical nuclei (p < 0.01). pPD showed a high spatial variation of iron distribution in the subcortical nuclei except for substantia nigra (SN); and iron deposition in SN and red nucleus (RN) were progressively increased from pPD to cPD (p < 0.01). AD showed significantly higher iron deposition in caudate and putamen with higher spatial variation compared with old adults, pPD and cPD (p < 0.01), and significant iron deposition in SN compared with old adults (p < 0.01). Also, linear regression models had significances in predicting motor score in pPD and cPD (Rmean = 0.443, Ppermutation = 0.001) and cognition score in MCI and AD (Rmean = 0.243, Ppermutation = 0.037). In conclusion, progressive iron deposition in the SN and RN may characterize PD-related neurodegeneration, namely aging to cPD through pPD. On the other hand, extreme iron deposition in the caudate and putamen may characterize AD-related neurodegeneration.

•Modifying intermediate steps in the rs-fMRI processing pipeline, such as incorporating QSM for better subcortical nucleus visualization and registration, could have important practical consequences.•Difference in RSFC between PD and normal controls was more stable and reliable revealed by the QSM-guided method.•Machine learning models utilized QSM-guided RSFC features persistently showed better performance in diagnosing Parkinson’s Disease. Previous resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) analyses of the basal ganglia in Parkinson’s disease heavily relied on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) atlases. However, subcortical structures are characterized by subtle contrast differences, making their accurate delineation challenging on T1WI. In this study, we aimed to introduce and validate a method that incorporates quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) into the rs-fMRI analytical pipeline to achieve precise subcortical nuclei segmentation and improve the stability of RSFC measurements in Parkinson’s disease. A total of 321 participants (148 patients with Parkinson’s Disease and 173 normal controls) were enrolled. We performed cross-modal registration at the individual level for rs-fMRI to QSM (FUNC2QSM) and T1WI (FUNC2T1), respectively.The consistency and accuracy of resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) measurements in two registration approaches were assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient and mutual information. Bootstrap analysis was performed to validate the stability of the RSFC differences between Parkinson’s disease and normal controls. RSFC-based machine learning models were constructed for Parkinson’s disease classification, using optimized hyperparameters (RandomizedSearchCV with 5-fold cross-validation). The consistency of RSFC measurements between the two registration methods was poor, whereas the QSM-guided approach showed better mutual information values, suggesting higher registration accuracy. The disruptions of RSFC identified with the QSM-guided approach were more stable and reliable, as confirmed by bootstrap analysis. In classification models, the QSM-guided method consistently outperformed the T1WI-guided method, achieving higher test-set ROC-AUC values (FUNC2QSM: 0.87–0.90, FUNC2T1: 0.67–0.70). The QSM-guided approach effectively enhanced the accuracy of subcortical segmentation and the stability of RSFC measurement, thus facilitating future biomarker development in Parkinson’s disease.

•Based on the constructed intra-individual CBF relative variation network, significant alterations caused by dopamine depletion could be reflected.•Off-state inter-regional CBF perfusion similarity was found that had a significant influence on dopamine responsiveness of PD patient.•PD patient's cognitive status positively moderated the relationship between off-state inter-regional CBF perfusion similarity and dopamine responsiveness. And significant main effect of cognition on dopamine responsiveness could be observed. Large heterogeneity can be found in dopamine responsiveness of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Instantly and objectively understanding dopamine responsiveness of patients may help clinical practice. This PD study explored the predictability of off-state inter-regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) perfusion similarity on patient's dopamine responsiveness and tested whether the predictive power could be moderated by patient's cognitive status. The PD cohort with 192 patients (containing off state and on state (PD-off and PD-on)) and the normal control (NC) cohort with 92 subjects were included. The intra-individual CBF relative variation networks were constructed and compared between PD-off and PD-on, PD-off and NC to identify the alterations caused by dopamine depletion. Based on that, regression analysis of off-state inter-regional CBF perfusion similarity on patient's dopamine responsiveness was performed. Finally, moderation analysis was conducted to test the moderation role of cognition on the regression model. In the PD-off cohort, a total of 82 edges in the network were identified that affected by dopamine depletion. Off-state inter-regional CBF perfusion similarity was found that had a significant influence on patient's dopamine responsiveness. Cognitive status was validated that positively moderated the relationship between off-state inter-regional CBF perfusion similarity and dopamine responsiveness. Dopamine responsiveness of PD patient could be predicted by off-state inter-regional CBF perfusion similarity. Patient's cognitive status might have a positive moderation effect on his/her dopamine responsiveness.

Alpha-synucleinopathy is postulated to be central to both idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Growing evidence suggests an association between the diminished clearance of α-synuclein and glymphatic system dysfunction. However, evidence accumulating primarily based on clinical data to support glymphatic system dysfunction in patients with iRBD and PD is currently insufficient. This study aimed to use diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) to evaluate glymphatic system activity and its relationship to clinical scores of disease severity in patients with possible iRBD (piRBDs) and those with PD. Further, we validated the correlation between the ALPS index and the prognosis of PD longitudinally. Overall, 168 patients with PD, 119 piRBDs, and 129 healthy controls were enroled. Among them, 50 patients with PD had been longitudinally reexamined. Patients with PD exhibited a lower ALPS index than those with piRBDs ( P  = 0.036), and both patient groups showed a lower ALPS index than healthy controls ( P  < 0.001 and P  = 0.001). The ALPS index and elevated disease severity were negatively correlated in the piRBD and PD subgroups. Moreover, the ALPS index was correlated with cognitive decline in patients with PD in the longitudinal analyses. In conclusion, DTI-ALPS provided neuroimaging evidence of glymphatic system dysfunction in piRBDs and patients with PD; however, the potential of assessing the pathological progress of α-synucleinopathies as an indicator is worth verifying. Further development of imaging methods for glymphatic system function is also warranted.