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"Wu, Ye"
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The influence mechanisms of living environment on the physical and mental health of Chinese older adults: a cross-sectional exploration based on CLASS 2023
Against the backdrop of continuously deepening population aging, the physical and mental health of older adults has become a significant research topic in academic circles. However, existing studies have not yet established a clear understanding of the mechanisms linking living environments to the physical and mental health of older adults, and a notable gap remains regarding gender-specific variations in these associations. Based on the social ecology theoretical framework, this study uses 9998 valid samples from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS 2023) to construct a theoretical analysis model of “living environment—social adaptation—physical and mental health,” and systematically explores the complex relationships among living environments, social adaptation, and the physical and mental health of older adults through structural equation modeling. The findings reveal that living environment is significantly positively correlated with the physical and mental health of older adults, with a notably stronger correlation to mental health than to physical health. Social adaptation plays a partial mediating role in the process through which the built environment affects physical and mental health. Gender difference analysis reveals that the correlation between the living environment and the physical and mental health as well as social adaptation is more pronounced among male older adults.The research conclusions provide empirical evidence for differentiated aging-friendly environmental planning, and it is recommended that gender-differentiated environmental intervention strategies be established in urban planning practices to promote the overall health of older adults.
Journal Article
Extracellular vesicles in tumor angiogenesis and resistance to anti‐angiogenic therapy
Tumor angiogenesis plays an important role in the development of cancer as it allows the delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors as well as tumor dissemination to distant organs. Although anti‐angiogenic therapy (AAT) has been approved for treating various advanced cancers, this potential strategy has limited efficacy due to resistance over time. Therefore, there is a critical need to understand how resistance develops. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano‐sized membrane‐bound phospholipid vesicles produced by cells. A growing body of evidence suggests that tumor cell‐derived EVs (T‐EVs) directly transfer their cargoes to endothelial cells (ECs) to promote tumor angiogenesis. Importantly, recent studies have reported that T‐EVs may play a major role in the development of resistance to AAT. Moreover, studies have demonstrated the role of EVs from non‐tumor cells in angiogenesis, although the mechanisms involved are still not completely understood. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the role of EVs derived from various cells, including tumor cells and non‐tumor cells, in tumor angiogenesis. Moreover, from the perspective of EVs, this review summarized the role of EVs in the resistance to AAT and the mechanisms involved. Due to their role in the resistance of AAT, we here proposed potential strategies to further improve the efficacy of AAT by inhibiting T‐EVs. We provide a comprehensive description of the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from various cells, including tumor cells and non‐tumor cells, in tumor angiogenesis. Moreover, from the perspective of EVs, this review summarized the role of EVs in the resistance to AAT and the mechanisms involved. Due to their role in the failure of AAT, inhibiting T‐EVs may serve as an effective method to increase the efficiency of AAT in the future.
Journal Article
Diagnostic performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Objective
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) can be a life-threatening opportunistic infection. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for PJP.
Methods
A comprehensive electronic literature search of Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI and Wanfang data was performed. Bivariate analysis was conducted to calculate the pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), the area under the summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve and the Q-point value (Q*).
Results
The literature search resulted in 9 studies with a total of 1343 patients, including 418 cases diagnosed with PJP and 925 controls. The pooled sensitivity of mNGS for diagnosis of PJP was 0.974 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.953–0.987]. The pooled specificity was 0.943 (95% CI, 0.926–0.957), the DOR was 431.58 (95% CI, 186.77-997.27), the area under the SROC curve was 0.987, and the Q* was 0.951. The
I
2
test indicated no heterogeneity between studies. The Deek funnel test suggested no potential publication bias. Subgroup analyses showed that the area under the SROC curve of mNGS for diagnosis of PJP in immunocompromised and non-HIV patients was 0.9852 and 0.979, respectively.
Conclusions
Current evidence indicates that mNGS exhibits excellent accuracy for the diagnosis of PJP. The mNGS is a promising tool for assessment of PJP in both immunocompromised and non-HIV patients.
Journal Article
Divergent synthesis of N-heterocycles via controllable cyclization of azido-diynes catalyzed by copper and gold
Gold-catalyzed intermolecular alkyne oxidation by an N–O bond oxidant has proven to be a powerful method in organic synthesis during the past decade, because this approach would enable readily available alkynes as precursors in generating α-oxo gold carbenes. Among those, gold-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of dialkynes has received particular attention as this chemistry offers great potential to build structurally complex cyclic molecules. However, these alkyne oxidations have been mostly limited to noble metal catalysts, and, to our knowledge, non-noble metal-catalyzed reactions such as diyne oxidations have not been reported. Herein, we disclose a copper-catalyzed oxidative diyne cyclization, allowing the facile synthesis of a wide range of valuable pyrrolo[3,4-
c
]quinolin-1-ones. Interestingly, by employing the same starting materials, the gold-catalyzed cascade cyclization leads to the divergent formation of synthetically useful pyrrolo[2,3-
b
]indoles. Furthermore, the proposed mechanistic rationale for these cascade reactions is strongly supported by both control experiments and theoretical calculations.
Fused
N
-heterocycles are structural motifs observed in natural products and bioactive compounds. Here, the authors developed divergent copper- and gold-catalyzed oxidative cyclizations of diynes to two types of tricyclic
N
-heterocycles and rationalized the product selectivity by theoretical calculations.
Journal Article
Asymmetric dearomatization catalysed by chiral Brønsted acids via activation of ynamides
Chiral Brønsted acid-catalysed asymmetric synthesis has received tremendous interest over the past decades, and numerous efficient synthetic methods have been developed based on this approach. However, the use of chiral Brønsted acids in these reactions is mostly limited to the activation of imine and carbonyl moieties, and the direct activation of carbon–carbon triple bonds has so far not been invoked. Here we show that chiral Brønsted acids enable the catalytic asymmetric dearomatization reactions of naphthol-, phenol- and pyrrole-ynamides by the direct activation of alkynes. This method leads to the practical and atom-economic construction of various valuable spirocyclic enones and 2H-pyrroles that bear a chiral quaternary carbon stereocentre in generally good-to-excellent yields with excellent chemo-, regio- and enantioselectivities. The activation mode of chiral Brønsted acid catalysis revealed in this study is expected to be of broad utility in catalytic asymmetric reactions that involve ynamides and the related heteroatom-substituted alkynes.Chiral Brønsted acid catalysis is mostly limited to the activation of imine and carbonyl moieties. Now, by direct activation of alkynes, chiral Brønsted acids have been used to enable the catalytic asymmetric dearomatization of naphthol-, phenol- and pyrrole-ynamides for the construction of various spirocyclic enones and 2H-pyrroles bearing a chiral quaternary carbon stereocentre.
Journal Article
Serial Interval of COVID-19 among Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases
We estimate the distribution of serial intervals for 468 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease reported in China as of February 8, 2020. The mean interval was 3.96 days (95% CI 3.53-4.39 days), SD 4.75 days (95% CI 4.46-5.07 days); 12.6% of case reports indicated presymptomatic transmission.
Journal Article
Stereoselective synthesis of medium lactams enabled by metal-free hydroalkoxylation/stereospecific 1,3-rearrangement
Rearrangement reactions have attracted considerable interest over the past decades due to their high bond-forming efficiency and atom economy in the construction of complex organic architectures. In contrast to the well-established [3,3]-rearrangement, [1,3] O-to-C rearrangement has been far less vigorously investigated, and stereospecific [1,3]-rearrangement is extremely rare. Here, we report a metal-free intramolecular hydroalkoxylation/[1,3]-rearrangement, leading to the practical and atom-economical assembly of various valuable medium-sized lactams with wide substrate scope and excellent diastereoselectivity. Moreover, such an asymmetric cascade cyclization has also been realized by chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed kinetic resolution. In addition, biological tests reveal that some of these medium-sized lactams displayed their bioactivity as antitumor agents against melanoma cells, esophageal cancer cells and breast cancer cells. A mechanistic rationale for the reaction is further supported by control experiments and theoretical calculations.
Stereospecific [1,3]-rearrangements are rarely reported method to efficiently build complex organic architectures. Here, the authors describe a metal-free intramolecular hydroalkoxylation/[1,3]-rearrangement sequence affording medium-sized lactams with wide scope, also in an asymmetric fashion.
Journal Article
Genome-wide, integrative analysis implicates microRNA dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder
The authors performed genome-wide microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling in post-mortem brains from individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and controls, and identified miRNAs and co-regulated modules perturbed in ASD.
Genetic variants conferring risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been identified, but the role of post-transcriptional mechanisms in ASD is not well understood. We performed genome-wide microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling in post-mortem brains from individuals with ASD and controls and identified miRNAs and co-regulated modules that were perturbed in ASD. Putative targets of these ASD-affected miRNAs were enriched for genes that have been implicated in ASD risk. We confirmed regulatory relationships between several miRNAs and their putative target mRNAs in primary human neural progenitors. These include hsa-miR-21-3p, a miRNA of unknown CNS function that is upregulated in ASD and that targets neuronal genes downregulated in ASD, and hsa_can_1002-m, a previously unknown, primate-specific miRNA that is downregulated in ASD and that regulates the epidermal growth factor receptor and fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathways involved in neural development and immune function. Our findings support a role for miRNA dysregulation in ASD pathophysiology and provide a rich data set and framework for future analyses of miRNAs in neuropsychiatric diseases.
Journal Article