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"Wu, Yifan"
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Mr. Pei's perfect shapes : the story of architect I.M. Pei
As a boy in Shanghai, Ioeh Ming Pei was awestruck by the enormous buildings that popped up around him every day. He quickly figured out exactly what he wanted to be when he grew up - an architect who designed skyscrapers that touched the clouds. I.M. Pei set off to make his mark, and with his appealingly modern ideas, he found himself with many clients - including a rock and roll museum, businesses around the world, and even a president's widow. Everyone wanted I.M. Pei to design their buildings. Though his plans weren't always immediately popular, his legacy has endured, and his structures can still be seen all around the world, from the JFK Library and the East Building of the National Gallery of Art to the Louvre Pyramid. Readers will be inspired by the spare yet informative text and luminous illustrations, which bring I.M. Pei's incredible legacy and achievements to life.
Book
Crosstalk between glucagon-like peptide 1 and gut microbiota in metabolic diseases
Gut microbiota exert influence on gastrointestinal mucosal permeability, bile acid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid synthesis, dietary fiber fermentation, and farnesoid X receptor/Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) signal transduction. The incretin glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is mainly produced by L cells in the gut and regulates postprandial blood glucose. Changes in gut microbiota composition and function have been observed in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Meanwhile, the function and rhythm of GLP-1 have also been affected in subjects with obesity or T2D. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the link between the gut microbiome and GLP-1. In this review, we describe the interaction between GLP-1 and the gut microbiota in metabolic diseases. On the one hand, gut microbiota metabolites stimulate GLP-1 secretion, and gut microbiota affect GLP-1 function and rhythm. On the other hand, the mechanism of action of GLP-1 on gut microbiota involves the inflammatory response. Additionally, we discuss the effects and mechanism of various interventions, such as prebiotics, probiotics, antidiabetic drugs, and bariatric surgery, on the crosstalk between gut microbiota and GLP-1. Finally, we stress that gut microbiota can be used as a target for metabolic diseases, and the clinical application of GLP-1 receptor agonists should be individualized.
Journal Article
A membrane-based seawater electrolyser for hydrogen generation
Electrochemical saline water electrolysis using renewable energy as input is a highly desirable and sustainable method for the mass production of green hydrogen
1
–
7
; however, its practical viability is seriously challenged by insufficient durability because of the electrode side reactions and corrosion issues arising from the complex components of seawater. Although catalyst engineering using polyanion coatings to suppress corrosion by chloride ions or creating highly selective electrocatalysts has been extensively exploited with modest success, it is still far from satisfactory for practical applications
8
–
14
. Indirect seawater splitting by using a pre-desalination process can avoid side-reaction and corrosion problems
15
–
21
, but it requires additional energy input, making it economically less attractive. In addition, the independent bulky desalination system makes seawater electrolysis systems less flexible in terms of size. Here we propose a direct seawater electrolysis method for hydrogen production that radically addresses the side-reaction and corrosion problems. A demonstration system was stably operated at a current density of 250 milliamperes per square centimetre for over 3,200 hours under practical application conditions without failure. This strategy realizes efficient, size-flexible and scalable direct seawater electrolysis in a way similar to freshwater splitting without a notable increase in operation cost, and has high potential for practical application. Importantly, this configuration and mechanism promises further applications in simultaneous water-based effluent treatment and resource recovery and hydrogen generation in one step.
An efficient and scalable direct seawater electrolysis method for hydrogen production that addresses the side-reaction and corrosion problems associated with using seawater instead of pure water is demonstrated.
Journal Article
Reducing Judicial Inconsistency through AI: A Review of Legal Judgement Prediction Models
Ensuring equitable sentencing is a fundamental objective of the judicial system. However, disparities in law enforcement standards, policies, and personnel competence across regions can lead to divergent sentencing outcomes for similar cases. This inconsistency undermines the integrity of justice and diminishes public confidence. With the development of AI technology, especially in the field of NLP, more and more researchers are focusing on the role that AI can play in legal judgements, and the LJP model has been developed. The LJP model is widely expected to help reduce the judicial inconsistency that currently exists, and better help to maintain the fairness and justice of the law. This paper summarizes the latest developments in the field of LJP, introduces and compares some of the current representative works, including the advantages and disadvantages of current technology. After that, it discusses possible future research directions and considers the significance of the development of this field.
Journal Article
Hollow MnO2 as a tumor-microenvironment-responsive biodegradable nano-platform for combination therapy favoring antitumor immune responses
Herein, an intelligent biodegradable hollow manganese dioxide (H-MnO
2
) nano-platform is developed for not only tumor microenvironment (TME)-specific imaging and on-demand drug release, but also modulation of hypoxic TME to enhance cancer therapy, resulting in comprehensive effects favoring anti-tumor immune responses. With hollow structures, H-MnO
2
nanoshells post modification with polyethylene glycol (PEG) could be co-loaded with a photodynamic agent chlorine e6 (Ce6), and a chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX). The obtained H-MnO
2
-PEG/C&D would be dissociated under reduced pH within TME to release loaded therapeutic molecules, and in the meantime induce decomposition of tumor endogenous H
2
O
2
to relieve tumor hypoxia. As a result, a remarkable in vivo synergistic therapeutic effect is achieved through the combined chemo-photodynamic therapy, which simultaneously triggers a series of anti-tumor immune responses. Its further combination with checkpoint-blockade therapy would lead to inhibition of tumors at distant sites, promising for tumor metastasis treatment.
MnO
2
nanostructures are promising TME-responsive theranostic agents in cancer. Here, the authors develop a nano-platform based on hollow H-MnO
2
nanoshells able to modulate the tissue microenvironment, release a drug and inhibit tumor growth alone or in combination with check-point blockade therapy.
Journal Article
High‐Valence Oxides for High Performance Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Valence tuning of transition metal oxides is an effective approach to design high‐performance catalysts, particularly for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) that underpins solar/electric water splitting and metal‐air batteries. Recently, high‐valence oxides (HVOs) are reported to show superior OER performance, in association with the fundamental dynamics of charge transfer and the evolution of the intermediates. Particularly considered are the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) and the lattice oxygen‐mediated mechanism (LOM). High‐valence states enhance the OER performance mainly by optimizing the eg‐orbital filling, promoting the charge transfer between the metal d band and oxygen p band. Moreover, HVOs usually show an elevated O 2p band, which triggers the lattice oxygen as the redox center and enacts the efficient LOM pathway to break the “scaling” limitation of AEM. In addition, oxygen vacancies, induced by the overall charge‐neutrality, also promote the direct oxygen coupling in LOM. However, the synthesis of HVOs suffers from relatively large thermodynamic barrier, which makes their preparation difficult. Hence, the synthesis strategies of the HVOs are discussed to guide further design of the HVO electrocatalysts. Finally, further challenges and perspectives are outlined for potential applications in energy conversion and storage. High valence oxides of transition metals represent an emerging group of valence‐engineered catalysts, capable of offering very high catalytic activity and stability. The mechanisms of such “unconventional” characteristics and their synthesis strategies are discussed here. The case for oxygen evolution reaction is reviewed to guide effective development of the catalytic structures for water‐splitting hydrogen generation and metal‐air batteries.
Journal Article
Full-Color Realization of Micro-LED Displays
Emerging technologies, such as smart wearable devices, augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR) displays, and naked-eye 3D projection, have gradually entered our lives, accompanied by an urgent market demand for high-end display technologies. Ultra-high-resolution displays, flexible displays, and transparent displays are all important types of future display technology, and traditional display technology cannot meet the relevant requirements. Micro-light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs), which have the advantages of a high contrast, a short response time, a wide color gamut, low power consumption, and a long life, are expected to replace traditional liquid-crystal displays (LCD) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) screens and become the leaders in the next generation of display technology. However, there are two major obstacles to moving micro-LEDs from the laboratory to the commercial market. One is improving the yield rate and reducing the cost of the mass transfer of micro-LEDs, and the other is realizing a full-color display using micro-LED chips. This review will outline the three main methods for applying current micro-LED full-color displays, red, green, and blue (RGB) three-color micro-LED transfer technology, color conversion technology, and single-chip multi-color growth technology, to summarize present-day micro-LED full-color display technologies and help guide the follow-up research.
Journal Article
The Concept of New Business, Current Status and Achievements of Research and Development
The creation of new business is naturally formed by the development of information technology, industrial upgrading, the growth of people’s demand, and the replacement of the employment model, and with the support of the government, it will be further developed to realize the replacement of the old and the new and lead to a new generation of employment wave. In this paper, we will analyze the conceptual interpretation, development status and achievements of the new industry to help the new industry to further develop and improve.
Journal Article
Kinetic-hybrid Simulations of Counterpropagating Ion Cyclotron Waves and Proton Scattering in the Near-Sun Solar Wind
Ion cyclotron waves (ICWs) are prevalent in the near-Sun solar wind and play a significant role in the nonadiabatic heating of plasma. Recent observations from the Parker Solar Probe have revealed the simultaneous presence of antisunward and sunward ICWs in the vicinity of the Alfvén surface. However, single-satellite observations cannot effectively trace the generation and evolution of these observed waves. To address this limitation, we employ kinetic-hybrid simulations to replicate the generation and evolution of counterpropagating ICWs under typical plasma conditions in the near-Sun solar wind. Following the linear growth phase, the simulated waves exhibit amplitude and polarization characteristics that closely match the observations. Additionally, our simulation illustrates proton scattering induced by the counterpropagating waves. These results underscore the significance of locally generated ICWs in influencing solar wind ion dynamics.
Journal Article
In-situ direct seawater electrolysis using floating platform in ocean with uncontrollable wave motion
Direct hydrogen production from inexhaustible seawater using abundant offshore wind power offers a promising pathway for achieving a sustainable energy industry and fuel economy. Various direct seawater electrolysis methods have been demonstrated to be effective at the laboratory scale. However, larger-scale in situ demonstrations that are completely free of corrosion and side reactions in fluctuating oceans are lacking. Here, fluctuating conditions of the ocean were considered for the first time, and seawater electrolysis in wave motion environment was achieved. We present the successful scaling of a floating seawater electrolysis system that employed wind power in Xinghua Bay and the integration of a 1.2 Nm
3
h
−1
-scale pilot system. Stable electrolysis operation was achieved for over 240 h with an electrolytic energy consumption of 5 kWh Nm
−3
H
2
and a high purity (>99.9%) of hydrogen under fluctuating ocean conditions (0~0.9 m wave height, 0~15 m s
−1
wind speed), which is comparable to that during onshore water electrolysis. The concentration of impurity ions in the electrolyte was low and stable over a long period of time under complex and changing scenarios. We identified the technological challenges and performances of the key system components and examined the future outlook for this emerging technology.
Seawater electrolysis shows promising potential toward sustainable energy generation, but large-scale in-situ demonstrations are still lacking. Here, authors report a floating platform integrating a 1.2 Nm
3
h
−1
seawater direct electrolysis system with wind power for energy input in the Xinghua Bay.
Journal Article