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Energy problems have become increasingly prominent. The use of thermal insulation materials is an effective measure to save energy. As an efficient energy-saving material, nanocellulose aerogels have broad application prospects. However, nanocellulose aerogels have problems such as poor mechanical properties, high flammability, and they easily absorbs water from the environment. These defects restrict their thermal insulation performance and severely limit their application. This review analyzes the thermal insulation mechanism of nanocellulose aerogels and summarizes the methods of preparing them from biomass raw materials. In addition, aiming at the inherent defects of nanocellulose aerogels, this review focuses on the methods used to improve their mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and hydrophobicity in order to prepare high-performance thermal insulation materials in line with the concept of sustainable development, thereby promoting energy conservation, rational use, and expanding the application of nanocellulose aerogels.

Wood serves as a green biomass material with sustainable utilization and environmental friendliness. The modification of wood can be used to obtain superhydrophobic properties and further expand wood’s application range. This paper focuses on the development status of superhydrophobic surfaces with micro-/nanoscale rough structures. Based on the surface wettability theory, this paper introduces common methods of superhydrophobic modification of wood materials, compares the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, discusses the relationship between the surface microstructure and wettability, and summarizes the applications of superhydrophobic wood in oil–water separation, self-cleaning, and self-healing. Finally, the future development strategies of superhydrophobic coating materials are elucidated to provide basic theoretical support for the synthesis and diverse applications of superhydrophobic wood and a reference for subsequent research and development.

Modern wind turbines operate in continuously transient conditions, with varying speed, torque, and power based on the stochastic nature of the wind resource. This variability affects not only the operational performance of the wind power system, but can also affect its integrity under service conditions. Condition monitoring continues to play an important role in achieving reliable and economic operation of wind turbines. This paper reviews the current advances in wind turbine condition monitoring, ranging from conventional condition monitoring and signal processing tools to machine-learning-based condition monitoring and usage of big data mining for predictive maintenance. A systematic review is presented of signal-based and data-driven modeling methodologies using intelligent and machine learning approaches, with the view to providing a critical evaluation of the recent developments in this area, and their applications in diagnosis, prognosis, health assessment, and predictive maintenance of wind turbines and farms.

Sunflowers are widely cultivated as a cash crop in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. However, due to the lack of efficient resource utilization techniques, most of the sunflower stalks are discarded. In the Hetao irrigation area, the problem of desertification has prompted the limited use of sunflower straw to construct physical sand barriers for windbreaks and sand stabilization. In response to this, this study focuses on synthesizing a cellulose ether sand-fixing material using sunflower straw, the primary agricultural waste in Denkou County, Hetao irrigation district. This material enhances the effective adhesion between sand grains, reduces porosity among loose sand grains, and inhibits sand grain movement. The findings from this study conclusively demonstrate that the sand-fixing materials under investigation meet international standards for mechanical properties. They effectively transform loose, unconnected sand grains into a state with strong adhesion properties.

Introduction Spinal cord injury (SCI) impairs the balance of gut microbiomes, which further aggravates inflammation in the injured areas and inhibits axonal regeneration. The intestinal microbiome plays an important role in SCI and regulating intestinal microbiome promotes SCI repair. However, current studies have shown that indole-3 propionate (IPA), a metabolite of gut bacteria, can promote axonal regeneration. However, the short half-life of IPA limits its effectiveness. Gut microbiota plays a role in the progression of SCI, but the studies about diet regulates intestinal flora metabolites to improve SCI are still limited and lack guiding significance. Results The results showed that Pectin-Zein-IPA NPs treatment improves motor function recovery, inhibits the activation of oxidative stress, enhances axonal regeneration and activates AKT/Nrf-2 signaling pathway following SCI. Further analysis showed that Pec-Zein-IPA NPs treatment reduced the intestinal flora metabolite accumulation of L-methionine, and alleviated neuroinflammation by improving autophagy and inhibiting pyroptosis. Pec-Zein-IPA may reduced neuroinflammation after SCI by decreasing the abundance of Clostridia − UCG-014 , Clostridia − vadinBB60 − group , Shewanella (positively correlated with L-Methionine) and increasing the abundance of Parasutterella (negatively correlated with L-Methionine). Conclusions Our findings provide a strategy for oral drug research in SCI. The results suggest that Pectin-Zein-IPA NPs have potential advantages for treatment and management of SCI. Reducing L-methionine intake may help reduce neuroinflammation after SCI. Graphical Abstract

The outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO), and the zoonotic disease caused by viral infection was renamed as “Mpox” on November 28, 2022. Currently, there is no approved vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for Mpox, and a main preventive strategy against MPXV infection remains the smallpox vaccine. Although there was an emergency use authorization (EUA) of Brincidofovir and Tecovirimat for the clinical treatment of clade II Mpox, while Tecovirimat failed to reduce the duration of Mpox lesions among patients infected with clade I Mpox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Therefore, it is still an urgent need to develop an effective medication. This review aims to enhance the understanding of Mpox and contribute to its prevention and treatment strategies, it provides a systemic introduction of the biological and epidemiological characteristics of MPXV, the clinical feature and diagnosis of Mpox, as well as treatment and prevention strategies, which will improve the comprehension about MPXV and offer potential strategies for clinical treatment. The monkeypox virus (MPXV) has spread to many countries and caused thousands of infections all over the world. This review comprehensively introduces the biology, epidemiological characteristics of MPXV, and clinical manifestations of Mpox. The approaches for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are also introduced, aiming to improve the general comprehension of Mpox.