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The greenhouse effect caused by greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide emissions, has become a central issue in global environmental governance. Traditional emission reduction strategies, although effective, are difficult to meet global climate goals. In response, the scientific community has begun to explore new technologies for capturing, separating, storing and utilizing carbon dioxide through physical and chemical means. These technologies offer potential avenues for greenhouse gas (GHG) management, but still face technical, economic, and environmental challenges before large-scale application. This study systematically evaluates the progress of the application of these physical and chemical means in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) treatment, and discusses in depth the technical bottlenecks and future improvement directions by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each technology. It is hoped that this study provides a valuable theoretical basis and practical reference for the development and application of future large-scale CO 2 abatement technologies.

The efficient electrocatalysis plays the key role in the development of electrochemical energy conversion technologies to alleviate energy crisis. Given their multiple active sites and large specific surface areas as electrocatalysts, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives have attracted considerable interests in recent years. Specially, exploring the roles of the enhanced active sites in MOFs and their derivatives is significant for understanding and developing new effective electrocatalysts. Recently, the vital role of vacancies has been proven to promote electrocatalytic processes (such as H2 or O2 evolution reactions, O2 reduction reactions, and N2 reduction reactions). In order to in‐depth exploring the effect of vacancies in electrocatalysts, the vacancies classification, synthetic strategy, and the recent development of various vacancies in MOFs and their derivatives for electrocatalysis are reviewed. Also, the perspectives on the challenges and opportunities of vacancies in MOFs and their derivatives for electrocatalysis are presented. The vacancies play an important role in electrocatalytic progress. Since metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives have been widely used as an important platform to construct various vacancies for the development of diverse highly‐efficient electrocatalysts. In this review, various types of vacancies in MOFs and their derivatives are categorized and their electrochemical applications are summarized.

The realistic simulation of the dynamic responses of a moving articulated vehicle has attracted considerable attention in various disciplines, with the identification of the vehicle model being the prerequisite. To this end, a double-sensor hump calibration method (DHCM) was developed to identify both unladen and laden vehicle models, consisting of a sensor layout optimization step and a system identification step. The first step was to optimize the number and position of sensors via parameter sensitivity analysis; the second was to inversely identify the vehicle system based on sensor responses. For comparison, the DHCM and the existing single-sensor hump calibration method (SHCM) were used to calibrate a small-sized vehicle model and a multi-axle articulated vehicle model. Vertical accelerations of the vehicle models were then simulated and characterized by power spectral densities (PSDs). Validation against experimental measurements indicated that the PSDs of the models identified with the DHCM matched the measured PSDs better than those of the SHCM, i.e., the DHCM-identified model accurately simulated the dynamic response of an articulated vehicle with relative errors below 16% in the low-frequency range. Therefore, the DHCM could identify models of small-sized vehicles and multi-axle articulated vehicles, while the SHCM was only suitable for the former.

The rapid growth of the modern Hanfu market, driven by digital commerce and social media, has increased the interest in understanding consumer purchase intentions. This study investigates the key factors influencing online purchase intentions for modern Hanfu by integrating text mining, grounded theory, and quantitative analyses. A dataset of 5,992 consumer reviews from major Chinese e-commerce platforms was analyzed using natural language processing techniques to extract critical themes. Additionally, a structured survey (n = 344) was conducted to develop and validate a measurement scale for assessing the key determinants of purchase intention. The findings reveal that co-design has the strongest influence on purchase intention (β = 0.252), followed by website attractiveness (β = 0.235) and product quality (β = 0.160). Despite product quality being a dominant theme in consumer reviews, its impact on the quantitative model is moderate (β = 0.160). Social media engagement and cultural identity emerge as significant but less frequently discussed factors, while merchant service has the weakest effect (β = 0.145). This study contributes to the literature by integrating cultural identity and co-design into purchase intention models, offering theoretical insights into heritage-driven fashion consumption. Future research should explore demographic variations, cross-cultural comparisons, and longitudinal trends to further refine our understanding of modern Hanfu purchase behavior. These results suggest that the top priority of modern Hanfu brands in their marketing management activities is to encourage and promote consumer engagement. Optimizing website design, improving product quality, considering social media strategies, tapping into the essence of ethnic culture, and enhancing customer service are also important.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), constructed from metal clusters/ions and organic ligands, are ideal materials for photo/electrocatalysis, mainly due to the advantages of large surface areas, high porosity, and easily tunable optical and electronic structures. Herein, the recent and important advances on MOF‐based photo/electrocatalysts including pristine MOFs, MOF composites, and MOF derivatives are summarized. The novel strategies to improve the photo/electrocatalytic performances are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future development of MOFs for photo/electrocatalysis are discussed ad outlined. Herein, the recent and important advances on metal–organic (MOF)‐based photo/electrocatalysts including pristine MOFs, MOF composites, and MOF derivatives are summarized. The novel strategies to improve the photo/electrocatalytic performances are highlighted.

Using electrolytic zero-valent iron-activated sodium hypochlorite (EZVI-NaClO) to pretreat sludge, the capillary suction time (CST) was utilized to evaluate sludge dewaterability. Ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), dissolved phosphorus, and total phosphorus in the supernatant were used to analyze sludge disintegration. This approach aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the pretreatment process and its impact on the sludge composition. The migration and transformation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), including dissolved EPS (S-EPS), loosely boundEPS, and tightly bound-EPS (TB-EPS), were analyzed by detecting protein and polysaccharide concentrations and three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission spectroscopy (3D-EEM). The sludge particle properties, including sludge viscosity and particle size, were also analyzed. The results suggested that the optimal pH value, NaClO dosage, current, and reaction time were 2, 100 mg/gDS (dry sludge), 0.2A, and 30 min, respectively, with a CST reduction of 43%. Protein and polysaccharide contents in TB-EPS were significantly reduced in the EZVI-NaClO group. Conversely, protein and polysaccharides contents in S-EPS increased, suggesting that EZVI-NaClO treatment could disrupt the EPS. Besides, the viscosity of the treated sludge decreased from 195.4 to 54.9 mPa·S, indicating that sludge fluidity became better. ZEVI-NaClO could enhance sludge dewaterability by destructing protein and polysaccharide structure and improving sludge hydrophobicity.

The establishment of efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalysts is of great value but also challenging. Herein, a durable metal–organic framework (MOF) with minor atomically dispersed ruthenium and an optimized electronic structure is constructed as an efficient electrocatalyst. Significantly, the obtained NiRu0.08‐MOF with doping Ru only needs an overpotential of 187 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slop of 40 mV dec−1 in 0.1 M KOH for the oxygen evolution reaction, and can work continuously for more than 300 h. Ultrahigh Ru mass activity is achieved, reaching 56.7 A g−1Ru at an overpotential of 200 mV, which is 36 times higher than that of commercial RuO2. X‐ray adsorption spectroscopy and density function theory calculations reveal that atomically dispersed ruthenium on metal sites in MOFs is expected to optimize the electronic structure of nickel sites, thus improving the conductivity of the catalyst and optimizing the adsorption energy of intermediates, resulting in significant optimization of electrocatalytic performance. This study could provide a new avenue for the design of efficient and stable MOF electrocatalysts. A durable metal–organic framework with minor atomically dispersed ruthenium is developed for a highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction. The obtained NiRu0.08‐MOF only needs an overpotential of 187 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 together with outstanding durability. Theoretical calculation also revealed that NiRu0.08‐MOF had higher conductivity and smaller adsorption energy for intermediates during the oxygen evolution reaction process.

A thick-lens, structured-light measurement model is introduced to overcome the oversights in traditional models, which often disregard the impact of lens thickness. This oversight can lead to inaccuracies in Scheimpflug camera calculations, causing systematic errors and diminished measurement precision. By geometrical optics, the model treats the camera as a thick lens, factoring in the locations of its principal points and the spatial shifts due to image plane tilting. The model deduces the positional relationship of the thick lens with a tilted optical axis and establishes a linear-structured-light measurement model. Simulations confirm that the model can precisely calculate the 3D coordinates of subjects from image light strip data, markedly reducing systematic errors across the measurement spectrum. Moreover, experimental results suggest that the refined sensor model offers enhanced accuracy and lower standard deviation.

Background This study analyzes the influence of living patterns and social participation on the health vulnerability of older people in urban and rural areas and provides a reference for addressing this vulnerability. Methods A total of 3500 participants aged 60 years and above from Jiangsu Province, China, were surveyed. The vulnerability index, which evaluates self-rated health, risk of falling, general pain or discomfort, chronic diseases, emotional characteristics, depression, anxiety, is used to measure health vulnerability. A multiple linear regression model is used to evaluate the effects of living patterns and social participation on health vulnerability. Results A certain level of health vulnerability exists among Chinese urban and rural older people. Living with family members has a positive effect on their health. Individuals who live alone have worse health and lower subjective well-being. Social participation significantly reduces the comprehensive levels of general health vulnerability, physical health vulnerability, and mental health vulnerability of older people. For urban older people, living with families reduces the level of physical and mental health vulnerability, whereas living alone significantly increases health vulnerability. Living patterns significantly affect the psychological vulnerability of rural older people. Social participation has an important impact on the health of older people who live alone, especially on the mental health vulnerability of older people who live alone in urban areas. Conclusion Living patterns and social participation are important factors that affect the health vulnerability of older people in both urban and rural areas. Social participation has a significant effect on the health of older people who live alone. In particular, for older people who live alone in cities, being socially active can help change their “sedentary” lifestyle, thereby promoting physical and mental health and reducing vulnerability.

BackgroundThe majority of epidemiological studies on migraine have been conducted in a specific country or region, and there is a lack of globally comparable data. We aim to report the latest information on global migraine incidence overview trends from 1990 to 2019.MethodsIn this study, the available data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. We present temporal trends in migraine for the world and its 204 countries and territories over the past 30 years. Meanwhile, an age-period-cohort model be used to estimate net drifts (overall annual percentage change), local drifts (annual percentage change in each age group), longitudinal age curves (expected longitudinal age-specific rate), and period (cohort) relative risks.ResultsIn 2019, the global incidence of migraine increased to 87.6 million (95% UI: 76.6, 98.7), with an increase of 40.1% compared to 1990. India, China, United States of America, and Indonesia had the highest number of incidences, accounting for 43.6% of incidences globally. Females experienced a higher incidence than males, the highest incidence rate was observed in the 10–14 age group. However, there was a gradual transition in the age distribution of incidence from teenagers to middle-aged populations. The net drift of incidence rate ranged from 3.45% (95% CI: 2.38, 4.54) in high-middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions to -4.02% (95% CI: -4.79, -3.18) in low SDI regions, 9 of 204 countries showed increasing trends (net drifts and its 95% CI were > 0) in incidence rate. The age-period-cohort analysis results showed that the relative risk of incidence rate generally showed unfavorable trends over time and in successively birth cohorts among high-, high-middle-, and middle SDI regions, but low-middle- and low-SDI regions keep stable.ConclusionsMigraine is still an important contributor to the global burden of neurological disorders worldwide. Temporal trends in migraine incidence are not commensurate with socioeconomic development and vary widely across countries. Both sexes and all age groups should get healthcare to address the growing migraine population, especially adolescents and females.