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Fire remains a pressing issue that requires urgent attention. Due to its uncontrollable and unpredictable nature, it can easily trigger chain reactions and increase the difficulty of extinguishing, posing a significant threat to people’s lives and property. The effectiveness of traditional photoelectric- or ionization-based detectors is inhibited when detecting fire smoke due to the variable shape, characteristics, and scale of the detected objects and the small size of the fire source in the early stages. Additionally, the uneven distribution of fire and smoke and the complexity and variety of the surroundings in which they occur contribute to inconspicuous pixel-level-based feature information, making identification difficult. We propose a real-time fire smoke detection algorithm based on multi-scale feature information and an attention mechanism. Firstly, the feature information layers extracted from the network are fused into a radial connection to enhance the semantic and location information of the features. Secondly, to address the challenge of recognizing harsh fire sources, we designed a permutation self-attention mechanism to concentrate on features in channel and spatial directions to gather contextual information as accurately as possible. Thirdly, we constructed a new feature extraction module to increase the detection efficiency of the network while retaining feature information. Finally, we propose a cross-grid sample matching approach and a weighted decay loss function to handle the issue of imbalanced samples. Our model achieves the best detection results compared to standard detection methods using a handcrafted fire smoke detection dataset, with APval reaching 62.5%, APSval reaching 58.5%, and FPS reaching 113.6.

Debris flows over riverbeds generate intense basal force fluctuations that radiate seismic signals, offering a key tool for remotely monitoring their dynamics. In steep, highly erosive mountainous channels, bedrock is often covered by a thin layer of loose sediments, which significantly reduce seismic energy. In this study, we developed an extended model for seismic signals of debris flows over thin‐sediment bed, explicitly accounting for the redistribution of basal forces of debris flows by these loose sediments. Integrating large‐scale flume experiments with discrete element simulations, we quantitatively revealed the shielding mechanisms of thin‐layer sediments on basal fluctuating forces and seismic signals, and clarified the force‐chain evolution and energy dissipation within the granular medium during the transmission of basal impact forces from the sediment surface to the underlying bed at the particle scale. The applicability of the extended model was additionally validated through a field monitoring case. Compared to bedrock, sediment layers attenuate basal force fluctuations and shift seismic signals to lower energy. The normalized intensity of basal force fluctuations increases linearly with the dimensionless sedimentary grain size, whereas the normalized seismic power follows a parabolic increase. Unlike conventional views that treat sediments as attenuating media along wave propagation paths, we interpret loose thin‐layer sediments as an attenuation layer that reduces the transmission of debris‐flow impact forces to the underlying bedrock. This study not only reveals the microscopic mechanism by which thin‐layer sediments shield seismic signals but provides a theoretical basis for inferring debris‐flow dynamics from seismic signals in complex natural environments.

Ovarian cancer (OC) remains one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, largely due to its late-stage diagnosis and high recurrence rates. Chronic inflammation is a critical driver of OC progression, contributing to immune evasion, tumor growth, and metastasis. Inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8, as well as key signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), are upregulated in OC, promoting a tumor-promoting environment. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by immune cells like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), which suppress anti-tumor immune responses, facilitating immune evasion. Furthermore, OC cells utilize immune checkpoint pathways, including PD-1/PD-L1, to inhibit cytotoxic T cell activity. Targeting these inflammatory and immune evasion mechanisms offers promising therapeutic strategies. COX-2 inhibitors, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway blockers, and NF-kB inhibitors have shown potential in preclinical studies, while immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 have been explored with mixed results in OC. Additionally, emerging research on the microbiome and inflammation-related biomarkers, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and exosomes, points to new opportunities for early detection and precision medicine. Future approaches to OC treatment must focus on personalized strategies that target the inflammatory TME, integrating anti-inflammatory therapies with immunotherapy to enhance patient outcomes. Continued research into the interplay between inflammation and immune evasion in OC is essential for developing effective, long-lasting treatments.

The aberrant expression of S100A11 has been identified in various malignancies but its functional roles and underlying mechanisms in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the expression of S100A11 and its functional significance in CRC, indicating that S100A11 is significantly upregulated and correlates with poor survival outcomes in CRC. Functionally, S100A11 knockdown in CRC cell lines inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, leading to decreased tumour growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that S100A11 promotes cell proliferation and invasion by suppressing cell senescence. In addition, USP14 interacts with and mediates S100A11 deubiquitination. More importantly, the overexpression of S100A11 was able to partially counteract the reduction in cell proliferation caused by the knockdown of USP14. In summary, the novel regulatory axis involving USP14 and S100A11 modulates the malignant biological behavior of CRC cells through inhibiting cell senescence, therefore the interaction between USP14 and S100A11 represents a promising therapeutic target in CRC.

Objective Post-lumbar puncture headache is a common complication following lumbar puncture. Although several risk factors have been established, the role of low body mass index remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the association between body mass index and post-lumbar puncture headache in Chinese adults undergoing lumbar puncture. Methods In total, 499 patients who underwent lumbar puncture at the Department of Neurology between January 2022 and March 2024 were enrolled. Data on demographic characteristics, blood pressure, lumbar puncture history, and cerebrospinal fluid parameters were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to assess the relationship between body mass index and post-lumbar puncture headache. Subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the consistency of this association across sex, age, blood pressure, cerebrospinal fluid volume, and cerebrospinal fluid protein levels. Results Post-lumbar puncture headache occurred in 13% (65/499) of patients; among these, 63.1% were female. Compared with those without post-lumbar puncture headache, those with a headache were younger (p < 0.001), had lower body mass index (p = 0.003), lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001), lower cerebrospinal fluid protein level (p < 0.001), and greater cerebrospinal fluid collection volume (p < 0.001). No significant association was found between primary disease classification and post-lumbar puncture headache (p = 0.164). In univariate logistic regression analysis, the risk of post-lumbar puncture headache significantly decreased with increasing body mass index values (odds ratio = 0.9, 95% confidence interval: 0.84–0.97, p = 0.003). After multivariable adjustment for sex, age, blood pressure, cerebrospinal fluid protein level, and cerebrospinal fluid volume, the association remained significant (odds ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval: 0.85–0.99, p = 0.033). Further analysis, in which patients were grouped by body mass index levels and assessed using two multivariate regression models, revealed that individuals with a low body mass index had a significantly higher risk of post-lumbar puncture headache. In Model I, adjusted for sex and age, the odds ratio was 3.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.41–7.23, p = 0.005); in Model II, further adjusted for systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, cerebrospinal fluid protein level, and cerebrospinal fluid collection volume, the odds ratio was 3.14 (95% confidence interval: 1.36–7.25, p = 0.007). The findings were robust across both models. The findings were consistent in the subgroup analyses. Conclusion Lower body mass index is significantly associated with an increased risk of post-lumbar puncture headache. These findings underscore the importance of considering body mass index in preoperative risk assessment and postoperative management for patients undergoing lumbar puncture. However, due to the cross-sectional study design, causal inference cannot be established.

Background It has been reported that there are more than ten antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) belonging to the cecropin family in Musca domestica ; however, few of them have been identified, and the functions of the other molecules are poorly understood. Methods Sequences of the M. domestica cecropin family of genes were cloned from cDNA template, which was reverse-transcribed from total mRNA isolated from third-instar larvae of M. domestica that were challenged with pathogens. Sequence analysis was performed using DNAMAN comprehensive analysis software, and a molecular phylogenetic tree of the cecropin family was constructed using the Neighbour-Joining method in MEGA v.5.0 according to the mature peptide sequences. Antibacterial activity of the synthetic M. domestica cecropin protein was detected and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined using broth microdilution techniques. Time-killing assays were performed on the Gram-negative bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii , at the logarithmic or stabilizing stages of growth, and its morphological changes when treated with Cec4 were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and detection of leakage of 260 nm absorbing material. Results Eleven cecropin family genes, namely Cec01 , Cec02 and Cec1-9 , show homology to the Cec form in a multigene family on the Scaffold18749 of M. domestica . In comparing the encoded cecropin protein sequences, most of them have the basic characteristics of the cecropin family, containing 19 conservative amino acid residues. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration that most genes in the Cec family are functional. Cec02, Cec1, Cec2, Cec5 and Cec7 have similar antibacterial spectra and antibacterial effects against Gram-negative bacteria, while Cec4 displays a more broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activity and has a very strong effect on A. baumannii . Cec4 eliminated A. baumannii in a rapid and concentration-dependent manner, with antibacterial effects within 24 h at 1× MIC and 2× MIC. Furthermore, SEM analysis and the leakage of 260 nm absorbing material detection indicated that Cec4 sterilized the bacteria through the disruption of cell membrane integrity. Conclusions Although there are more than ten cecropin genes related to M. domestica , some of them have no preferred antibacterial activity other than Cec4 against A. baumannii .

Ovarian cancer (OC) remains one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies due to its asymptomatic progression, frequent late-stage diagnosis, and high rates of chemoresistance and recurrence. Beyond genetic alterations, recent studies highlight the central role of metabolic reprogramming in driving OC initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. OC cells exhibit dynamic metabolic reprogramming, enabling dynamic shifts between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation depending on environmental conditions and treatment pressures. In this review, we synthesize current understanding of key metabolic pathways altered in ovarian tumors, including enhanced aerobic glycolysis, glutamine addiction, dysregulated lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial adaptations. These metabolic shifts support rapid proliferation, redox homeostasis, immune evasion, and metastatic potential. We also explore how the metabolic landscape of OC is shaped by interactions with the tumor microenvironment, particularly through crosstalk with immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and adipocytes. Importantly, metabolic adaptations have been implicated in the emergence of cancer stem-like cells and in the development of resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors. We also further discuss emerging therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic vulnerabilities, as well as combinatorial approaches integrating metabolic therapy with immunotherapy and DNA damage repair inhibition. Finally, we highlight how advances in metabolomics and spatial profiling are improving our ability to map metabolic heterogeneity and guide precision therapies in OC. This review underscores metabolic plasticity as a promising therapeutic vulnerability for overcoming drug resistance and improving outcomes in OC patients.

The free vibration behavior of orthotropic thin plates, which are clamped at three edges and free at one edge, is a matter of great concern in the engineering field. Various numerical/approximate approaches have been proposed for the present problem; however, lack precise analytic benchmark solutions are lacking in the literature. In the present study, we propose a modified two-dimensional Fourier series method to effectively handle free vibration problems of plates under various edge conditions. In the given solution, the adopted trial function automatically satisfies several boundary conditions. After imposing Stoke’s transformation in the trial function and letting it satisfy the remaining boundary conditions, we can change the present plate problem into calculating several systems of linear algebra equations which are easily handled. The present method can be regarded as an easily implemented, rational, and rigorous approach, as it can exactly satisfy both the governing equation and the associated edge conditions. Another advantage of the present method over other analytical approaches is that it has general applicability to various boundary conditions through the utilization of different types of Fourier series, and it can be extended for the further dynamic/static analysis of plates under different shear deformation theories. Finally, all the novel analytical solutions are confirmed to be sufficiently accurate since they match well with the FEM results. The new analytic solution obtained may serve as a benchmark for validating other numerical and approximate methods.

The surfaces of nano-calcium silicate (n-CS)/polyetheretherketone (PK) composites were treated with abrasive paper and sand-blasting, and the surfaces performances of the as-treated composites were studied. The results showed that the surface roughness, hydrophilicity and mineralization of the simulated body fluid (SBF) of the composites surfaces were significantly improved, and the properties of the composites treated by with sand-blasting were better than those treated with abrasive paper. Moreover, the treated composites significantly promoted osteoblasts responses, such as cell attachment, spreading, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, compared to un-treated composites, and the cellular responses to the composites treated with sand-blasting were better than those treated with abrasive paper. The results suggested that surface treatment with sand-blasting was an effective method to greatly improve the surface bioperformances of the n-CS/PK composite, and this treated composite with improved bioactivity and cytocompatibility might be a promising implant material for orthopedic applications.

A case of ( ), known as gram-negative bacteria, causes a range of nosocomial infections. Due to the continuous detection of multi-drug resistant in the clinic, there is an urgent need to find alternative therapies, including broad-spectrum antibacterial peptides (AMP). Recently it has been found that the peptide Cec4 has good antibacterial activity against , but the antibacterial mechanism remains elusive. The basic structure of Cec4 was analyzed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and the potential antibacterial mechanism of Cec4 was detected by flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence and confocal microscopy. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial peptides against various was determinated with broth microdilution techniques. The biofilm formation and the sensitivity detection of biofilms to antimicrobial peptides were detected by crystal violet staining. In this study, the main secondary structure of the antibacterial peptide Cec4 is α-helix (99.7%) in the hydrophobic environment. Furthermore, after the treatment with Cec4, an amount of leakage of and the destruction of its cell membrane were detected. Moreover, it was observed that FITC-Cec4 can enter the cell, and more cells were held in the G1 phase with peptide Cec4. However, the DNA binding assay of the peptide Cec4 indicates that the peptide does not target DNA. In addition, peptide Cec4 was superior in reducing adherent biofilms of compared to conventional antibiotics and has no cytotoxicity. It is apparent that the antibacterial peptide Cec4 may achieve rapid sterilization by multi-target interaction and presents an attractive therapeutic option for the prevention and control of infections.