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"Wu, Zhi"
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Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Link Between Inflammation and Hydrogen Sulfide
Endothelial cells are important constituents of blood vessels that play critical roles in cardiovascular homeostasis by regulating blood fluidity and fibrinolysis, vascular tone, angiogenesis, monocyte/leukocyte adhesion, and platelet aggregation. The normal vascular endothelium is taken as a gatekeeper of cardiovascular health, whereas abnormality of vascular endothelium is a major contributor to a plethora of cardiovascular ailments, such as atherosclerosis, aging, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by imbalanced vasodilation and vasoconstriction, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and proinflammatory factors, as well as deficiency of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. The occurrence of endothelial dysfunction disrupts the endothelial barrier permeability that is a part of inflammatory response in the development of cardiovascular diseases. As such, abrogation of endothelial cell activation/inflammation is of clinical relevance. Recently, hydrogen sulfide (H
S), an entry as a gasotransmitter, exerts diverse biological effects through acting on various targeted signaling pathways. Within the cardiovascular system, the formation of H
S is detected in smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, and cardiomyocytes. Disrupted H
S bioavailability is postulated to be a new indicator for endothelial cell inflammation and its associated endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we will summarize recent advances about the roles of H
S in endothelial cell homeostasis, especially under pathological conditions, and discuss its putative therapeutic applications in endothelial inflammation-associated cardiovascular disorders.
Journal Article
النبات
أصدرت مؤسسة بيت الحكمة للاستثمارات الثقافية، النسخة العربية من السلسلة الموسوعية الأولى من نوعها باللغة العربية \"ثقافة وفنون الخطوط الصينية\" والمترجمة عن اللغة الصينية من إصدار دار نشر هوبي التعليمية بالصين، وتعد سلسلة \"ثقافة وفنون الخطوط الصينية\" المحتوى المعرفي الأكثر شمولا، والأول من نوعه بالعربية عن ثقافة الخط الصيني، الذي هو أحد روافد الثقافة الصينية وأحد فنون الكتابة الممتدة لخمسة آلاف عام، وتشتمل السلسلة الموسوعية على دراسات حول تاريخ الخطوط القديمة وأنواعها وفنون كتابتها، كما تضم المعارف الخاصة بأنواع الخطوط وسماتها وتاريخها، بل وبأدوات الكتابة ومراحل تطورها، وتمثل الخطوط الصينية أحد أبرز عناصر الثقافة الصينية التقليدية، بل وأحد أهم الفنون الصينية التراثية التي كانت ولا تزال سمة أساسية لثقافة الكتابة الصينية على مر العصور، والتي هي جزء لا يتجزأ من تراث البشرية.
BOOK
Alloying–realloying enabled high durability for Pt–Pd-3d-transition metal nanoparticle fuel cell catalysts
Alloying noble metals with non-noble metals enables high activity while reducing the cost of electrocatalysts in fuel cells. However, under fuel cell operating conditions, state-of-the-art oxygen reduction reaction alloy catalysts either feature high atomic percentages of noble metals (>70%) with limited durability or show poor durability when lower percentages of noble metals (<50%) are used. Here, we demonstrate a highly-durable alloy catalyst derived by alloying PtPd (<50%) with 3d-transition metals (Cu, Ni or Co) in ternary compositions. The origin of the high durability is probed by in-situ/operando high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction coupled with pair distribution function analysis of atomic phase structures and strains, revealing an important role of realloying in the compressively-strained single-phase alloy state despite the occurrence of dealloying. The implication of the finding, a striking departure from previous perceptions of phase-segregated noble metal skin or complete dealloying of non-noble metals, is the fulfilling of the promise of alloy catalysts for mass commercialization of fuel cells.
Durability of catalysts under fuel cell reaction conditions is challenging for active nanoalloy electrocatalysts derived from platinum group metals and other transition metals. Here, the authors show that realloying in certain multimetallic nanoalloys plays a major role in enabling the high durability.
Journal Article
Stabilizing indium sulfide for CO2 electroreduction to formate at high rate by zinc incorporation
Recently developed solid-state catalysts can mediate carbon dioxide (CO
2
) electroreduction to valuable products at high rates and selectivities. However, under commercially relevant current densities of > 200 milliamperes per square centimeter (mA cm
−2
), catalysts often undergo particle agglomeration, active-phase change, and/or element dissolution, making the long-term operational stability a considerable challenge. Here we report an indium sulfide catalyst that is stabilized by adding zinc in the structure and shows dramatically improved stability. The obtained ZnIn
2
S
4
catalyst can reduce CO
2
to formate with 99.3% Faradaic efficiency at 300 mA cm
−2
over 60 h of continuous operation without decay. By contrast, similarly synthesized indium sulfide without zinc participation deteriorates quickly under the same conditions. Combining experimental and theoretical studies, we unveil that the introduction of zinc largely enhances the covalency of In-S bonds, which “locks” sulfur—a catalytic site that can activate H
2
O to react with CO
2
, yielding HCOO* intermediates—from being dissolved during high-rate electrolysis.
Developing durable catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction to formate at commercial-scale current densities is challenging. This work reports that indium sulfide stabilized through zinc incorporation can produce formate efficiently and quickly at high current densities over long timescales.
Journal Article
iLoc-Euk: A Multi-Label Classifier for Predicting the Subcellular Localization of Singleplex and Multiplex Eukaryotic Proteins
Predicting protein subcellular localization is an important and difficult problem, particularly when query proteins may have the multiplex character, i.e., simultaneously exist at, or move between, two or more different subcellular location sites. Most of the existing protein subcellular location predictor can only be used to deal with the single-location or \"singleplex\" proteins. Actually, multiple-location or \"multiplex\" proteins should not be ignored because they usually posses some unique biological functions worthy of our special notice. By introducing the \"multi-labeled learning\" and \"accumulation-layer scale\", a new predictor, called iLoc-Euk, has been developed that can be used to deal with the systems containing both singleplex and multiplex proteins. As a demonstration, the jackknife cross-validation was performed with iLoc-Euk on a benchmark dataset of eukaryotic proteins classified into the following 22 location sites: (1) acrosome, (2) cell membrane, (3) cell wall, (4) centriole, (5) chloroplast, (6) cyanelle, (7) cytoplasm, (8) cytoskeleton, (9) endoplasmic reticulum, (10) endosome, (11) extracellular, (12) Golgi apparatus, (13) hydrogenosome, (14) lysosome, (15) melanosome, (16) microsome (17) mitochondrion, (18) nucleus, (19) peroxisome, (20) spindle pole body, (21) synapse, and (22) vacuole, where none of proteins included has ≥25% pairwise sequence identity to any other in a same subset. The overall success rate thus obtained by iLoc-Euk was 79%, which is significantly higher than that by any of the existing predictors that also have the capacity to deal with such a complicated and stringent system. As a user-friendly web-server, iLoc-Euk is freely accessible to the public at the web-site http://icpr.jci.edu.cn/bioinfo/iLoc-Euk. It is anticipated that iLoc-Euk may become a useful bioinformatics tool for Molecular Cell Biology, Proteomics, System Biology, and Drug Development Also, its novel approach will further stimulate the development of predicting other protein attributes.
Journal Article
Structural evolution and strain generation of derived-Cu catalysts during CO2 electroreduction
Copper (Cu)-based catalysts generally exhibit high C
2+
selectivity during the electrochemical CO
2
reduction reaction (CO
2
RR). However, the origin of this selectivity and the influence of catalyst precursors on it are not fully understood. We combine
operando
X-ray diffraction and
operando
Raman spectroscopy to monitor the structural and compositional evolution of three Cu precursors during the CO
2
RR. The results indicate that despite different kinetics, all three precursors are completely reduced to Cu(0) with similar grain sizes (~11 nm), and that oxidized Cu species are not involved in the CO
2
RR. Furthermore, Cu(OH)
2
- and Cu
2
(OH)
2
CO
3
-derived Cu exhibit considerable tensile strain (0.43%~0.55%), whereas CuO-derived Cu does not. Theoretical calculations suggest that the tensile strain in Cu lattice is conducive to promoting CO
2
RR, which is consistent with experimental observations. The high CO
2
RR performance of some derived Cu catalysts is attributed to the combined effect of the small grain size and lattice strain, both originating from the in situ electroreduction of precursors. These findings establish correlations between Cu precursors, lattice strains, and catalytic behaviors, demonstrating the unique ability of
operando
characterization in studying electrochemical processes.
Copper catalysts derived from oxidized precursors typically exhibit high selectivity for CO
2
electroreduction to multicarbon products, yet the influencing factors that control the selectivity need further investigation. Here, the authors reveal that the high selectivity stems from small grain size and lattice strain due to in situ reduction of precursors.
Journal Article
Epidemiologic relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Background
To systematically review the epidemiologic relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods
Four electronic databases were searched up until December 2018. The manual search included the reference lists of the included studies and relevant journals. Observational studies evaluating the relationship between T2DM and periodontitis were included
.
Meta-analyses were conducted using STATA.
Results
A total of 53 observational studies were included. The Adjusted T2DM prevalence was significantly higher in periodontitis patients (OR = 4.04,
p
= 0.000), and vice versa (OR = 1.58, p = 0.000). T2DM patients had significantly worse periodontal status, as reflected in a 0.61 mm deeper periodontal pocket, a 0.89 mm higher attachment loss and approximately 2 more lost teeth (all
p
= 0.000), than those without T2DM. The results of the cohort studies found that T2DM could elevate the risk of developing periodontitis by 34% (
p
= 0.002). The glycemic control of T2DM patients might result in different periodontitis outcomes. Severe periodontitis increased the incidence of T2DM by 53% (
p
= 0.000), and this result was stable. In contrast, the impact of mild periodontitis on T2DM incidence (RR = 1.28,
p
= 0.007) was less robust.
Conclusions
There is an evident bidirectional relationship between T2DM and periodontitis. Further well-designed cohort studies are needed to confirm this finding. Our results suggest that both dentists and physicians need to be aware of the strong connection between periodontitis and T2DM. Controlling these two diseases might help prevent each other’s incidence.
Journal Article
Fn-OMV potentiates ZBP1-mediated PANoptosis triggered by oncolytic HSV-1 to fuel antitumor immunity
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) show promise as a cancer treatment by selectively replicating in tumor cells and promoting antitumor immunity. However, the current immunogenicity induced by OVs for tumor treatment is relatively weak, necessitating a thorough investigation of the mechanisms underlying its induction of antitumor immunity. Here, we show that HSV-1-based OVs (oHSVs) trigger ZBP1-mediated PANoptosis (a unique innate immune inflammatory cell death modality), resulting in augmented antitumor immune effects. Mechanistically, oHSV enhances the expression of interferon-stimulated genes, leading to the accumulation of endogenous Z-RNA and subsequent activation of ZBP1. To further enhance the antitumor potential of oHSV, we conduct a screening and identify
Fusobacterium nucleatum
outer membrane vesicle (
Fn
-OMV) that can increase the expression of PANoptosis execution proteins. The combination of
Fn
-OMV and oHSV demonstrates potent antitumor immunogenicity. Taken together, our study provides a deeper understanding of oHSV-induced antitumor immunity, and demonstrates a promising strategy that combines oHSV with
Fn
-OMV.
The potential of oncolytic virus (OV) for cancer therapy is limited by the efficiency of immune response induced. Here the authors show that HSV-1-based OV is capable of triggering ZBP1-mediated PANoptosis resulting in effective tumor growth inhibition.
Journal Article