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As people put forward higher demand for the effect and quality of building interior decoration, the attention to building energy-saving materials has become higher and higher. In recent years, there have been many researches on green building energy-saving technology, green building evaluation and other aspects, but there are relatively few researches on applying the concept of full life cycle cost to the performance analysis of new materials for building energy conservation and environmental protection. Considering the economic performance of buildings will help to save resources in the construction industry and reduce energy consumption. The so-called full life cycle optimization of energy-saving design of green buildings is to take the concept of full life cycle optimization as the most reference, fully coordinate all elements in the portfolio project, and ensure that the full life cycle cost of the building can be greatly reduced. To realize the energy-saving optimization of green buildings, it is necessary to ensure that it runs through the whole life cycle of the building, fully combine the life cycle cost with the building function, and systematically do the optimization work. The performance analysis model of building decoration energy-saving and environmental protection new materials based on the whole life cycle proposed in this paper can be used to analyse the various properties of various new materials. The experimental results show that the maximum error of the test results is 9.6%, the minimum error is 1.3%, and the average error is only 6.43%. This shows that the model built in this paper is reliable, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which can be used to analyse the performance of new building decoration energy-saving and environmental protection materials. The ideas and methods of solving the model established in this paper have important guiding significance, and can be used as a powerful reference tool for studying other solving methods.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells (CAR-T cells) have yielded unprecedented efficacy in B cell malignancies, most remarkably in anti-CD19 CAR-T cells for B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with up to a 90% complete remission rate. However, tumor antigen escape has emerged as a main challenge for the long-term disease control of this promising immunotherapy in B cell malignancies. In addition, this success has encountered significant hurdles in translation to solid tumors, and the safety of the on-target/off-tumor recognition of normal tissues is one of the main reasons. In this mini-review, we characterize some of the mechanisms for antigen loss relapse and new strategies to address this issue. In addition, we discuss some novel CAR designs that are being considered to enhance the safety of CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors.

Sex chromosome dosage compensation (SCDC) overcomes gene-dose imbalances that disturb transcriptional networks, as when ZW females or XY males are hemizygous for Z/X genes. Mounting data from non-model organisms reveal diverse SCDC mechanisms, yet their evolution remains obscure, because most informative lineages with variable sex chromosomes are unstudied. Here, we discovered SCDC in turtles and an unprecedented thermosensitive SCDC in eukaryotes. We contrasted RNA-seq expression of Z-genes, their autosomal orthologues, and control autosomal genes in Apalone spinifera (ZZ/ZW) and Chrysemys picta turtles with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) (proxy for ancestral expression). This approach disentangled chromosomal context effects on Z-linked and autosomal expression, from lineage effects owing to selection or drift. Embryonic Apalone SCDC is tissue- and age-dependent, regulated gene-by-gene, complete in females via Z-upregulation in both sexes (Type IV) but partial and environmentally plastic via Z-downregulation in males (accentuated at colder temperature), present in female hatchlings and a weakly suggestive in adult liver (Type I). Results indicate that embryonic SCDC evolved with/after sex chromosomes in Apalone's family Tryonichidae, while co-opting Z-gene upregulation present in the TSD ancestor. Notably, Apalone's SCDC resembles pygmy snake's, and differs from the full-SCDC of Anolis lizards who share homologous sex chromosomes (XY), advancing our understanding of how XX/XY and ZZ/ZW systems compensate gene-dose imbalance. This article is part of the theme issue 'Challenging the paradigm in sex chromosome evolution: empirical and theoretical insights with a focus on vertebrates (Part II)'.

Background Lythraceae belongs to the order Myrtales, which is part of Archichlamydeae. The family has 31 genera containing approximately 620 species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Of these 31 genera, five large genera each possess 35 or more species. They are Lythrum , with 35; Rotala , with 45; Nesaea , with 50; Lagerstroemia , with 56; and Cuphea , with 275 species. Results We reported six newly sequenced chloroplast (cp) genomes ( Duabanga grandiflora , Trapa natans , Lythrum salicaria , Lawsonia inermis , Woodfordia fruticosa and Rotala rotundifolia ) and compared them with 16 other cp genomes of Lythraceae species. The cp genomes of the 22 Lythraceae species ranged in length from 152,049 bp to 160,769 bp. In each Lythraceae species, the cp genome contained 112 genes consisting of 78 protein coding genes, four ribosomal RNAs and 30 transfer RNAs. Furthermore, we detected 211–332 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in six categories and 7–27 long repeats in four categories. We selected ten divergent hotspots ( ndhF, matK, ycf1, rpl22, rpl32, trnK-rps16, trnR-atpA, rpl32-trnL, trnH-psbA and trnG-trnR ) among the 22 Lythraceae species to be potential molecular markers. We constructed phylogenetic trees from 42 Myrtales plants with 8 Geraniales plants as out groups. The relationships among the Myrtales species were effectively distinguished by maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian inference (BI) trees constructed using 66 protein coding genes. Generally, the 22 Lythraceae species gathered into one clade, which was resolved as sister to the three Onagraceae species. Compared with Melastomataceae and Myrtaceae, Lythraceae and Onagraceae differentiated later within Myrtales. Conclusions The study provided ten potential molecular markers as candidate DNA barcodes and contributed cp genome resources within Myrtales for further study.

Insufficient eradication capacity and dysfunction are common occurrences in T cells that characterize cancer immunotherapy failure. De novo DNA methylation promotes T cell exhaustion, whereas methylation inhibition enhances T cell rejuvenation in vivo. Decitabine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor approved for clinical use, may provide a means of modifying exhaustion-associated DNA methylation programmes. Herein, anti-tumour activities, cytokine production, and proliferation are enhanced in decitabine-treated chimeric antigen receptor T (dCAR T) cells both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, dCAR T cells can eradicate bulky tumours at a low-dose and establish effective recall responses upon tumour rechallenge. Antigen-expressing tumour cells trigger higher expression levels of memory-, proliferation- and cytokine production-associated genes in dCAR T cells. Tumour-infiltrating dCAR T cells retain a relatively high expression of memory-related genes and low expression of exhaustion-related genes in vivo. In vitro administration of decitabine may represent an option for the generation of CAR T cells with improved anti-tumour properties. De novo DNA methylation has been associated with T cell exhaustion in cancer immunotherapy. Here the authors show that the pre-treatment of CD19 CAR-T cells with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine limits exhaustion and confers enhanced proliferative, effector and memory properties upon antigen exposure, with improved tumor control.

During shield tunneling, interactions with existing structures, such as pile foundations and bridges, are frequently encountered, leading to a growing implementation of shield cutting techniques. This study utilizes a metro tunnel project crossing under a ring expressway bridge in a city in Northeast China to develop a refined three-dimensional finite difference method (FDM) model. The 3D FDM model investigates the mechanical responses of existing pile foundations and the bridge structure due to shield cutting through residual pile foundations. The proposed numerical model is validated against field monitoring data. The simulation results show that the primary mechanical response of the existing pile foundations to shield tunneling is horizontal deformation, which decreases with increasing distance from the tunnel axis. In zones containing residual piles, tunnel crown settlement exhibits a wavy pattern, with lower settlement values compared to areas without residual piles. In contrast, bridge structure deformation remains minimal, with final deformation values below standard values. To comprehensively evaluate the effects of shield cutting through residual piles, the study quantitatively examines stratum disturbances using the ground loss ratio as an indicator. Results reveal that ground loss ratios surrounding residual pile foundations exceed 0.5%, reflecting a substantial influence. A parametric analysis underscores the critical role of ground loss ratios in influencing both bridge structure deformation and tunnel settlement.

Background The existing literature on perioperative outcomes of robotic‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) versus video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for lung lobectomy is inconclusive. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of VATS and RATS lobectomy procedures for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer to compare the short‐term perioperative outcomes by propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. Results A total of 418 patients were enrolled in this study. After PSM, 71 patients each received VATS and RATS lobectomy for further analysis. RATS lobectomy was associated with a lower rate of conversion to thoracotomy (0% vs. 5.63%, p = 0.006), a lower rate of postoperative prolonged air leak (1.14% vs. 19.72%, p = 0.001) and a shorter duration of postoperative chest tube drainage (3 days interquartile range [IQR: 3, 4] vs. 4 days IQR [3–5], p = 0.027). Subgroup analysis indicated that after acquiring proficiency in the RATS procedure, its disadvantages diminished while its advantages were enhanced. In terms of rate of conversion to thoracotomy, length of hospital stays, and duration of postoperative chest tube drainage, RATS was comparable to uniportal VATS and superior to triportal VATS. Conclusion RATS has advantages over VATS in terms of early chest tube removal, early discharge, lower thoracotomy rate, less postoperative air leak, and a potential trend of more lymph node dissection numbers. These advantages are more pronounced after acquiring proficiency in RATS. Compared with VATS lobectomy, RATS lobectomy was associated with a lower rate of conversion to thoracotomy, a lower rate of postoperative prolonged air leak, a shorter duration of postoperative chest tube drainage. After acquiring proficiency in RATS procedure, its disadvantages of longer operative duration, fewer lymph node dissection counts and higher chylothorax occurrence all vanished while its advantages of shorter hospitalization, shorter postoperative tube retention and lower conversion rate to thoracotomy enhanced. In terms of rate of conversion to thoracotomy, length of hospital stays, and duration of postoperative chest tube drainage, RATS was comparable to uniportal VATS and superior to triportal VATS. According to the conclusion of this study, surgeons can choose more suitable patients for RATS lobectomy.

Background Despite the impressive complete remission (CR) induced by CD19 CAR-T cell therapy in B-ALL, the high rate of complete responses is sometimes limited by the emergence of CD19-negative leukemia. Bispecific CAR-modified T cells targeting both CD19 and CD22 may overcome the limitation of CD19-negative relapse. Methods We here report the design of a bispecific CAR simultaneous targeting of CD19 and CD22. We performed a phase 1 trial of bispecific CAR T cell therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory precursor B-ALL at a dose that ranged from 1.7 × 10 6 to 3 × 10 6 CAR T cells per kilogram of body weight. Results We demonstrate bispecific CD19/CD22 CAR T cells could trigger robust cytolytic activity against target cells. MRD-negative CR was achieved in 6 out of 6 enrolled patients. Autologous CD19/CD22 CAR T cells proliferated in vivo and were detected in the blood, bone marrow, and cerebrospinal fluid. No neurotoxicity occurred in any of the 6 patients treated. Of note, one patient had a relapse with blast cells that no longer expressed CD19 and exhibited diminished CD22 site density approximately 5 months after treatment. Conclusion In brief, autologous CD19/CD22 CAR T cell therapy is feasible and safe and mediates potent anti-leukemic activity in patients with relapsed/refractory B-ALL. Furthermore, the emergence of target antigen loss and expression downregulation highlights the critical need to anticipate antigen escape. Our study demonstrates the reliability of bispecific CD19/CD22 CAR T cell therapy in inducing remission in adult patients with relapsed/refractory B-ALL. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03185494 .

Background Not all patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) benefit from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors and molecular-targeted agents. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib plus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) versus pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib in selected populations of patients with treatment-naive uHCC exhibiting programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) staining. Methods Consecutive patients with treatment-naive uHCC exhibiting PD-L1 staining who were treated with pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib plus HAIC (PLH) or pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib (PL) were retrospectively identified from our medical centres from 2018 to 2021. HAIC involved oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFOX). Follow-up occurred every 3 weeks for 1 year and then every 6 weeks thereafter. The primary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were the frequency of key adverse events (AEs). Results In total, 248 treatment-naive patients were retrospectively reviewed, 78 of whom were ineligible on the basis of the current criteria. Thus, 170 patients (PLH: n  = 84, median age 52 years [range, 42–67]; PL: n  = 86, 53 years [range, 43–69]) were eligible for the analysis. The median follow-up was 18.6 months (range, 1–26). At the final follow-up, the median OS was 17.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.2–18.3) in the PLH group versus 12.6 months (95% CI, 11.1–13.7) in the PL group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.52; 95% CI, 0.36–0.75; p  = 0.001). A significant difference was also detected in the median PFS (10.9 months [95% CI, 8.7–11.4] for PLH vs. 6.8 months (95% CI, 5.2–7.4) for PL; HR 0.61, 95% CI, 0.43–0.85; p  = 0.001). Significant differences in the rate of the key AEs were noted between groups (79.8% for PLH vs. 62.8% for PL, p  = 0.015), but these AEs were controllable. Conclusions Among selected populations of patients with treatment-naive uHCC exhibiting PD-L1 staining, the PLH regimen may substantially improve the survival benefits compared with the PL regimen with a controllable safety profile.