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"Wuthrich, F. Michael"
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The Pushback Against Populism: Running on 'Radical Love' in Turkey
Drawing from the 2019 mayoral elections in Turkey, this paper highlights a path that opposition parties might take to defuse polarized environments and avoid playing into the political traps set by populists in power. The particular type of moral and amplified polarization that accompanies populism's essential \"thin\" ideology builds a barrier between a populist's supporters and the opposition. Yet the CHP opposition in Turkey has recently won notable victories with its new campaign approach of \"radical love,\" which counteracts populism's polarizing logic and has exposed Erdoğan's weakness.
Journal Article
Beyond piety and politics : religion, social relations, and public preferences in the Middle East and North Africa
\"How do ordinary men and women in Muslim-majority societies create religion-informed views of political topics such as democracy and economics? Beyond Piety and Politics provides a groundbreaking approach to understanding the depth and variety of political attitudes held by people who consider themselves to be pious Muslims. Using survey data on religious preferences and behavior, the authors argue for the relevance and importance of four outlook categories-Religious Individualist, Social Communitarian, Post-Islamist, and Religious Communitarian-and use these to explore complex and nuanced attitudes of devout Muslims toward issues like democracy and economic distribution. They also reveal how intra-faith variation in political attitudes is not simply doctrinal differences, but also a product of the social aspects of religious association operating within political contexts. By highlighting the dynamic societal and political implications of religious devotion, Beyond Piety and Politics offers a fascinating new theoretical perspective on Islam and politics\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Beyond Piety and Politics
How do ordinary men and women in Muslim-majority
societies create religion-informed views of political topics such
as democracy and economics?
Beyond Piety and Politics provides a groundbreaking
approach to understanding the depth and variety of political
attitudes held by people who consider themselves to be pious
Muslims. Using survey data on religious preferences and behavior,
the authors argue for the relevance and importance of four outlook
categories-religious individualist, social communitarian, religious
communitarian, and post-Islamist-and use these to explore complex
and nuanced attitudes of devout Muslims toward issues like
democracy and economic distribution. They also reveal how
intrafaith variation in political attitudes is not due simply to
doctrinal differences but is also a product of the social aspects
of religious association operating within political contexts.
By highlighting the dynamic societal and political implications
of religious devotion, Beyond Piety and Politics offers a
fascinating new theoretical perspective on Islam and politics.
eBook
Islam, Religious Outlooks, and Support for Democracy
Despite a wealth of studies examining Muslim religiosity and democracy, uncertainty regarding Islam and attitudes toward democracy remains. Although the claims concerning the incompatibility of Islam and democracy are generally discarded, public opinion scholarship has yet to build much further from this important first step or incorporate a strong theoretical framework for analysis beyond this basic foundation. This paper seeks to integrate literature in social theory on religious worldviews with novel conceptualizations and measurement of distinct religious outlooks among the religious faithful to explain patterns in attitudes toward democracy. We construct a theory with clear expectations regarding these relationships and use the largest and best available survey data (Arab Democracy Barometer, Wave III) to test our predictions using latent class analysis and a series of multivariate regression estimations. The results of our empirical analysis reveal that there are important differences among practicing Muslims regarding the role that religion should play in the social realm and that these differences are relevant to the analysis of how faith shapes preferences for regime type and democracy. The analysis makes a significant contribution to the study of religion and political attitudes.
Journal Article
Factors Influencing Military-Media Relations in Turkey
While headway has been made since 2001 regarding legislation that provides greater civilian control of the military in Turkey, of primary concern in recent years has been the military's use of \"informal mechanisms of power,\" a designation often referring to this institution's
potent relations with the national news media. This concern has been offset by the military's even more recent silence. This article argues that to understand the potency of military-media relations and how, when, and why the military appears in the news, one must also consider the underlying
domestic institutional and structural forces that strongly influence this relationship. Institutionalized mil itary education, consumer capitalism, and the military's institutional command hierarchy, ordered according to weight, establish the opportunities and constraints that frame the current
realities in military-media relations.
Journal Article
The Kurdish Question in Turkey, Iraq and Beyond
This review article highlights two recent collected works, particularly in regard to their contribution to the literature on Kurds and the Kurdish nationalism. \"Nationalisms and Politics in Turkey: Political Islam, Kemalism and the Kurdish Issue\", edited by Marlies Casier and Joost Jongerden, focuses primarily on Turkey and the country's Kurdish diaspora in Europe, along with a number of variants of Turkish nationalism that dynamically interact with Kurdish nationalism in Turkey. The other work, \"The Kurdish Policy Imperative\", edited by Robert Lowe and Gareth Stansfield, has essays on the Kurdish Question in the four major countries in which Kurds have traditionally had claims for territorial roots: Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria.
Journal Article
AN ESSENTIAL CENTER–PERIPHERY ELECTORAL CLEAVAGE AND THE TURKISH PARTY SYSTEM
For nearly forty years, scholars have utilized the metanarrative of a center–periphery cleavage first proposed by Şerif Mardin to explain a variety of phenomena in Turkish politics and society. When used to interpret electoral cleavages in the multiparty period, however, a center–periphery cleavage cannot effectively explain electoral outcomes. Focusing on the initial stage of multiparty competition, when the cleavage is often said to have been most salient, this article explores the empirical evidence to show that the concept as commonly employed has actually confounded an effective understanding of electoral behavior in Turkey. Rather than demonstrating a clear electoral division between the elites of the social center and the masses during this period, the article reveals two distinct cross-cutting patron-client strategies used by elite-dominated parties to cater to the rural population. The significant patterns of change in Turkey's electoral outcomes over time further illustrate the need to focus on how political parties and elites accumulate votes—that is, on their vote targeting strategies—rather than rely on static sociopolitical cleavages.
Journal Article
National Elections in Turkey
What determines voting behavior in Turkey? At a time when the
center-right, religious-conservative leadership of the Justice and
Development Party has dominated government and the political scene
in Turkey-so much so that the democratic credentials of the regime
have come into question-many have sought to understand what
undergirds this party's success at the polls. While many scholars
have argued that elections in Turkey over time can be effectively
and simply explained by static social or cultural cleavages,
Wuthrich challenges these assertions with a framework that
carefully attends to patterns of strategic vote-getting behavior in
elections by political parties and their leaders. Using the
campaign speeches of the political elite, election data at national
and provincial levels, and careful observations of voter
mobilization strategies across time, Wuthrich traces four distinct
patterns that explain important shifts in electoral behavior. He
covers the first free and fair multiparty election in 1950 and
follows campaign strategies through 2011, highlighting and
explaining the potential development of a new and more problematic
paradigm emerging in the post-2007 environment.
eBook
Liberalism of religious Muslims in illiberal Muslim-majority and minority societies: evidence from Azerbaijan and Georgia
How does a religious group's demographic status influence its members' attitudes toward economic and political liberalization? This study adopts a contextual approach and compares Azeri Muslims' political and economic attitudes in two illiberal states, Azerbaijan and Georgia. We argue that attitudes toward liberalization are shaped by the strength of association with one’s religious community and its relative position vis-à-vis the state and society. Drawing on a series of Caucasus Barometer surveys, we find that context and position in society matter. In religiously restrictive Muslim-majority Azerbaijan, Muslims’ religiosity is associated with greater support for political liberalization but lower support for economic liberalization. In religiously restrictive non-Muslim-majority Georgia, however, Muslims’ religiosity reflects the converse: opposition to political liberalization but support for economic liberalization. Thus, instead of theologies, the political and economic opportunity structures facing religious groups may play a critical role in determining their attitudes toward various forms of liberalization.
Journal Article