Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
20,968
result(s) for
"X. Yu"
Sort by:
Transformation between meron and skyrmion topological spin textures in a chiral magnet
Crystal lattices with tetragonal or hexagonal structure often exhibit structural transitions in response to external stimuli
1
. Similar behaviour is anticipated for the lattice forms of topological spin textures, such as lattices composed of merons and antimerons or skyrmions and antiskyrmions (types of vortex related to the distribution of electron spins in a magnetic field), but has yet to be verified experimentally
2
,
3
. Here we report real-space observations of spin textures in a thin plate of the chiral-lattice magnet Co
8
Zn
9
Mn
3
, which exhibits in-plane magnetic anisotropy. The observations demonstrate the emergence of a two-dimensional square lattice of merons and antimerons from a helical state, and its transformation into a hexagonal lattice of skyrmions in the presence of a magnetic field at room temperature. Sequential observations with decreasing temperature reveal that the topologically protected skyrmions remain robust to changes in temperature, whereas the square lattice of merons and antimerons relaxes to non-topological in-plane spin helices, highlighting the different topological stabilities of merons, antimerons and skyrmions. Our results demonstrate the rich variety of topological spin textures and their lattice forms, and should stimulate further investigation of emergent electromagnetic properties.
A magnetically induced two-dimensional square lattice of merons and antimerons is observed in real space, along with its transformation into a hexagonal lattice of skyrmions at room temperature.
Journal Article
Non-metabolic functions of glycolytic enzymes in tumorigenesis
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to meet the requirement for survival and rapid growth. One hallmark of cancer metabolism is elevated aerobic glycolysis and reduced oxidative phosphorylation. Emerging evidence showed that most glycolytic enzymes are deregulated in cancer cells and play important roles in tumorigenesis. Recent studies revealed that all essential glycolytic enzymes can be translocated into nucleus where they participate in tumor progression independent of their canonical metabolic roles. These noncanonical functions include anti-apoptosis, regulation of epigenetic modifications, modulation of transcription factors and co-factors, extracellular cytokine, protein kinase activity and mTORC1 signaling pathway, suggesting that these multifaceted glycolytic enzymes not only function in canonical metabolism but also directly link metabolism to epigenetic and transcription programs implicated in tumorigenesis. These findings underscore our understanding about how tumor cells adapt to nutrient and fuel availability in the environment and most importantly, provide insights into development of cancer therapy.
Journal Article
The role of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in DNA damage response and cancer chemotherapy
DNA damage is a deleterious threat, but occurs daily in all types of cells. In response to DNA damage, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, a unique post-translational modification, is immediately catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) at DNA lesions, which facilitates DNA damage repair. Recent studies suggest that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is one of the first steps of cellular DNA damage response and governs early DNA damage response pathways. Suppression of DNA damage-induced poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation by PARP inhibitors impairs early DNA damage response events. Moreover, PARP inhibitors are emerging as anti-cancer drugs in phase III clinical trials for BRCA-deficient tumors. In this review, we discuss recent findings on poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in DNA damage response as well as the molecular mechanism by which PARP inhibitors selectively kill tumor cells with BRCA mutations.
Journal Article
Pharmaceutical Quality by Design: Product and Process Development, Understanding, and Control
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the pharmaceutical Quality by Design (QbD) and describe how it can be used to ensure pharmaceutical quality.
Materials and Methods
The QbD was described and some of its elements identified. Process parameters and quality attributes were identified for each unit operation during manufacture of solid oral dosage forms. The use of QbD was contrasted with the evaluation of product quality by testing alone.
Results
The QbD is a systemic approach to pharmaceutical development. It means designing and developing formulations and manufacturing processes to ensure predefined product quality. Some of the QbD elements include:
Defining target product quality profile
Designing product and manufacturing processes
Identifying critical quality attributes, process parameters, and sources of variability
Controlling manufacturing processes to produce consistent quality over time
Conclusions
Using QbD, pharmaceutical quality is assured by understanding and controlling formulation and manufacturing variables. Product testing confirms the product quality. Implementation of QbD will enable transformation of the chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC) review of abbreviated new drug applications (ANDAs) into a science-based pharmaceutical quality assessment.
Journal Article
Effects of Mediterranean-style diet on glycemic control, weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetes individuals: a meta-analysis
Background/Objectives:
Studies suggest that the Mediterranean-style diet (MSD) may improve glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the results are inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to explore the effects of MSD on glycemic control, weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors in T2D patients.
Subjects/Methods:
We performed searches of EMBASE, Cochrane Library and PubMed databases up to February 2014. We included RCTs that compared the MSD with control diets in patients with T2D. Effect size was estimated as mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI) by using random effect models.
Results:
The meta-analysis included nine studies with 1178 patients. Compared with control diets, MSD led to greater reductions in hemoglobin A1c (mean difference, −0.30; 95% CI, −0.46 to −0.14), fasting plasma glucose (−0.72 mmol/l; CI, −1.24 to −0.21), fasting insulin (−0.55 μU/ml; CI, −0.81 to −0.29), body mass index (−0.29 kg/m
2
; CI, −0.46 to −0.12) and body weight (−0.29 kg; CI, −0.55 to −0.04). Likewise, concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride were decreased (−0.14 mmol/l; CI, −0.19 to −0.09 and −0.29 mmol/l; CI, −0.47 to −0.10, respectively), and high-density lipoprotein was increased (0.06 mmol/l; CI, 0.02 to 0.10). In addition, MSD was associated with a decline of 1.45 mm Hg (CI, −1.97 to −0.94) for systolic blood pressure and 1.41 mm Hg (CI, −1.84 to −0.97) for diastolic blood pressure.
Conclusions:
The present meta-analysis provides evidence that MSD improves outcomes of glycemic control, body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in T2D patients.
Journal Article
Observation of Skyrmions in a Multiferroic Material
A magnetic skyrmion is a topologically stable particle-like object that appears as a vortex-like spin texture at the nanometer scale in a chiral-lattice magnet. Skyrmions have been observed in metallic materials, where they are controllable by electric currents. Here, we report the experimental discovery of magnetoelectric skyrmions in an insulating chiral-lattice magnet Cu₂OSeO₃ through Lorentz transmission electron microscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements. We find that the skyrmion can magnetically induce electric polarization. The observed magnetoelectric coupling may potentially enable the manipulation of the skyrmion by an external electric field without losses due to joule heating.
Journal Article
HLA-B13:01 and the Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome
Dapsone is an important medication for the treatment of leprosy, but a life-threatening drug hypersensitivity syndrome develops in some patients. In this report from China, an
HLA-B
locus is identified as a strong genetic risk factor for the syndrome.
Dapsone (4-4′-sulfonyldianiline), which was first synthesized in 1908,
1
is both an antibiotic and an antiinflammatory agent. Dapsone alone or in combination with other drugs has been used for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases (e.g., leprosy, malaria, and actinomycetoma, as well as
Pneumocystis jirovecii
pneumonia in persons with human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection) and chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by the infiltration of neutrophils or eosinophils (e.g., dermatitis herpetiformis, linear IgA dermatosis, subcorneal pustular dermatosis, and erythema elevatum diutinum).
2
,
3
About 0.5 to 3.6% of persons treated with dapsone have a drug hypersensitivity syndrome,
3
–
5
which was first described by . . .
Journal Article
Notes on gauging noninvertible symmetries. Part I. Multiplicity-free cases
A
bstract
In this paper we discuss gauging noninvertible zero-form symmetries in two dimensions. We specialize to certain gaugeable cases, specifically, fusion categories of the form
Rep
H
for
H
a suitable Hopf algebra (which includes the special case Rep(
G
) for
G
a finite group). We also specialize to the case that the fusion category is multiplicity-free. We discuss how to construct a modular-invariant partition function from a choice of Frobenius algebra structure on
H
∗
. We discuss how ordinary
G
orbifolds for finite groups
G
are a special case of the construction, corresponding to the fusion category Vec(
G
) = Rep(ℂ[
G
]
*
). For the cases Rep(
S
3
), Rep(
D
4
), and Rep(
Q
8
), we construct the crossing kernels for general intertwiner maps. We explicitly compute partition functions in the examples of Rep(
S
3
), Rep(
D
4
), Rep(
Q
8
), and
Rep
H
8
, and discuss applications in
c
= 1 CFTs. We also discuss decomposition in the special case that the entire noninvertible symmetry group acts trivially.
Journal Article
Strong coupling between a photon and a hole spin in silicon
Spins in semiconductor quantum dots constitute a promising platform for scalable quantum information processing. Coupling them strongly to the photonic modes of superconducting microwave resonators would enable fast non-demolition readout and long-range, on-chip connectivity, well beyond nearest-neighbour quantum interactions. Here we demonstrate strong coupling between a microwave photon in a superconducting resonator and a hole spin in a silicon-based double quantum dot issued from a foundry-compatible metal–oxide–semiconductor fabrication process. By leveraging the strong spin–orbit interaction intrinsically present in the valence band of silicon, we achieve a spin–photon coupling rate as high as 330 MHz, largely exceeding the combined spin–photon decoherence rate. This result, together with the recently demonstrated long coherence of hole spins in silicon, opens a new realistic pathway to the development of circuit quantum electrodynamics with spins in semiconductor quantum dots.
Strong intrinsic spin–orbit interaction unlocks the potential of circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins in silicon, resulting in strong spin–photon coupling of 300 MHz.
Journal Article