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"XI Beidou"
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Groundwater pollution risk control from an industrial economics perspective : a case study on the Jilin section of the Songhua River
This book argues that groundwater pollution risk assessment is the essential foundation of groundwater pollution prevention and control. It is on this basis that economic leverage is used to make new breakthroughs in groundwater protection and governance. Presenting a case study on the Jilin Section of the Songhua River, the book applies the overlay index method to assess the shallow groundwater pollution risk and identify high-risk areas and major pollution sources in an effort to identify the mechanism of interaction between industrial structures and groundwater pollution. Further, it proposes concrete measures for preventing and controlling groundwater pollution from an industrial economics perspective. As such, the book offers a valuable resource for all graduate students, lecturers and researchers who are interested in learning about resources and environmental economics.
Book
Karst Multi-Source Organic Solid Waste Bio-Enhanced Composting: The Potential of Circular Utilization to Enhance Soil Quality and Control Contaminants
The dual environmental challenges of karst areas lie in organic solid waste’s (OSW) massive generation scale and diffuse dispersion, which accelerate bedrock exposure and soil contamination, while simultaneously representing an underutilized resource for soil amendments through optimized composting. Bio-enhanced composting of multi-source OSW yields compounds with dual redox/adsorption capabilities, effectively improving soil quality and restoring ecological balance. The recycling and circular utilization of OSW resources become particularly critical in karst regions with vulnerable soil ecosystems, where sustainable resource management is urgently needed to maintain ecological balance. This review elucidates the ecological impacts of multi-source OSW compost applications on soil environments in ecologically fragile karst regions, specifically elucidating the mechanisms of heavy metals (HMs) migration–transformation and organic contaminant degradation (with emphasis on emerging pollutants), and the functional role of microbial carbon pumps in these processes. Furthermore, establishing a sustainable “multi-source OSW−compost−organic matter (adsorption and redox sites)−microorganisms−pollution remediation” cycle creates a green, low-carbon microenvironment for long-term soil remediation. Finally, this study evaluates the application prospects of the refined composting technology utilizing multi-objective regulation for OSW resource recycling and utilization in karst areas. This review provides critical insights for optimizing soil remediation strategies in karst ecosystems through organic waste valorization.
Journal Article
Dynamics of nutrient elements and potentially toxic elements during composting with different organic wastes
The presence and bioavailability of potentially toxic elements in the soil–plant system are major limitations to the application of compost to agricultural soils. In this study, the content changes of nutrients and potentially toxic elements in four organic wastes, namely household waste, sewage sludge, chicken manure, and cow/sheep manure, were analyzed during composting, and the quality of compost products was assessed in view of their impact on the environment. The objective of this study was to determine the evolution of 21 metal elements, including macroelements (Na, K, Ca, Mg), microelements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, Ni), and potentially toxic elements (Ti, Al, Cr, Cd, Pb, Sb, Li, Co, Be, In, and Sn) during composting. Results showed that the contents of these elements varied considerably between different organic wastes. The contents of some elements (Na, K, Ca, Fe, Ti, Cu) increased substantially after composting due to organic matter decomposition and weight loss, whereas other elements (Mg, Co, Mo, Cr, In) decreased due to water leaching. The compost obtained was characterized by heavy metal contents not exceeding the permissible limits. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to further analyze the relationships between the studied elements in different organic waste and compost products. The PCA results revealed that the macroelements (Na, K, Ca, Mg) contents negatively correlated with PC1, whereas microelements and potentially toxic elements positively correlated with PC1. From the results of the PCA, it was possible to classify the different compost products.
Journal Article
Sustainable conversion of alkaline nitrate to ammonia at activities greater than 2 A cm−2
Nitrate (NO
3
‒
) pollution poses significant threats to water quality and global nitrogen cycles. Alkaline electrocatalytic NO
3
‒
reduction reaction (NO
3
RR) emerges as an attractive route for enabling NO
3
‒
removal and sustainable ammonia (NH
3
) synthesis. However, it suffers from insufficient proton (H
+
) supply in high pH conditions, restricting NO
3
‒
-to-NH
3
activity. Herein, we propose a halogen-mediated H
+
feeding strategy to enhance the alkaline NO
3
RR performance. Our platform achieves near-100% NH
3
Faradaic efficiency (pH = 14) with a current density of 2 A cm
–2
and enables an over 99% NO
3
–
-to-NH
3
conversion efficiency. We also convert NO
3
‒
to high-purity NH
4
Cl with near-unity efficiency, suggesting a practical approach to valorizing pollutants into valuable ammonia products. Theoretical simulations and in situ experiments reveal that Cl-coordination endows a shifted
d
-band center of Pd atoms to construct local H
+
-abundant environments, through arousing dangling O-H water dissociation and fast *H desorption, for *NO intermediate hydrogenation and finally effective NO
3
‒
-to-NH
3
conversion.
Alkaline nitrate electroreduction to ammonia is restricted by insufficient H
+
supply. Here, the authors propose a halogen-mediated H
+
feeding strategy, by triggering dangling O-H water dissociation and fast *H desorption for *NO intermediate hydrogenation, to enhance the formation of ammonia.
Journal Article
Surface Hydrophobic Modification of Biochar by Silane Coupling Agent KH-570
Biochar-amended soil cover (BSC) in landfills can improve the oxidation of methane. However, adding biochar can cause a larger amount of rainwater to enter the soil cover and landfill because it increases the permeability of the soil cover, which increases leachate production. Improving the hydrophobicity and waterproof ability of BSC is expected to reduce rainwater that goes into landfills. Silane coupling agent KH-570 is used to modify biochar to improve its hydrophobicity and waterproof ability after being added to the soil cover. The waterproofness of hydrophobic biochar-amended soil cover (HBSC) was studied by conducting a precipitation simulation test. Results showed that the optimum hydrophobicity of the surface-modified biochar was obtained when the mass fraction of KH-570 was 7%, the biochar dosage was 7 g, and the modification temperature was 60 °C. In these conditions, the contact angle was 143.99° and the moisture absorption rate was 0.10%. The analysis results of thermogravimetric, X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy before and after the biochar modification showed that KH-570 formed a hydrophobic organic coating layer on the biochar surface, indicating that the surface hydrophobic modification of biochar was successfully carried out by silane coupling agent. The waterproof ability of HBSC was significantly better than that of BSC in the simulated precipitation test.
Journal Article
Time to strengthen the governance of new contaminants in the environment
Despite existing regulations, many emerging environmental contaminants remain ungoverned, posing serious risks to ecosystems and human health. Here, we outline governance challenges and propose a global roadmap for their regulation. Proactive identification, risk assessment, and international collaboration are urgently needed to close regulatory gaps and ensure a safer, healthier environment for all.
Journal Article
Spatial distribution of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in soil-groundwater systems and their associated risks in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin
Soil and groundwater samples were collected from paddy fields in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin to study the occurrence and the risks associated with organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in soil and groundwater. Results showed that OCPs and OPPs were widely distributed throughout the study area. The levels of OCPs and OPPs in the soil were much lower than those specified by soil quality standards. However, the levels of four OCPs (heptachlors, aldrin, dieldrin, and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) in groundwater were higher than those permitted by drinking water standards. The health risk assessment method suggested by the US Environment Protection Agency was used to evaluate the regional risks from selected pesticides. Results showed that there were low health risks from OCPs and OPPs in soil at the regional scale, but high risks from heptachlor, aldrin, and endrin in groundwater, suggesting an urgent need for groundwater protection. There are widespread concerns on dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and hexachlorocyclohexane, but little focus on other pesticides in China. However, our results suggest that the presence of, and risks from, other pesticides in groundwater should be a focus from the region aspect.
Journal Article
Role of plant species and soil phosphorus concentrations in determining phosphorus
Aims
Terrestrial plants require relative stable stoichiometry of elements for their growth. The effects of plant species and soil phosphorus (P) concentration on P:nutrient stoichiometry in plant remains still unknown.
Methods
Soil and plant samples were collected from 88 sites in a P-rich area of a subtropical portion of China to examine the linkage of soil P concentration with the concentrations and stoichiometry of 12 nutrient elements (C, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Zn, Mn and Na) for different plant species.
Results
Soil rich in P increased the concentrations of S, P, K, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Al, and Na in the plants, but induced a strong antagonism to Zn. Meanwhile, the concentrations of C and N in the leaf was restrained when the plants grew in soil under high P concentration. Clustering analysis showed that plant species were categorized according to soil P concentration into
P
> 2 mg g
−1
and
P
< 2 mg g
−1
groups. However, insignificant dissimilarity among plant species was noticed.
Conclusions
The stoichiometry of P:nutrient in the plant organs was strongly affected by soil P concentrations and this could reflect soil nutrient status over plant species. Therefore, the difference in soil P concentration is a major driver triggering the variation in elemental stoichiometry.
Journal Article
Natural lead-enriched biochar modifies TiO2 photocatalytic activation of sodium persulfate to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenol
Due to the rapid development of the modern chemical industry, a large amount of chlorophenol pollutants remain in the environment. It poses a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health. Advanced oxidation technologies (AOPs) have the characteristics of mild reaction conditions and strong oxidation capacity, and are currently recognized as safe and effective pollutant treatment technologies. In this study, natural lead-rich biochar materials were used to activate sodium persulfate to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenol, and natural lead-rich biochar modified TiO2 photocatalytically degraded 2,4-dichlorophenol. Then, using natural lead-rich metal biochar/TiO2 material, photocatalysis combined with active sodium persulfate to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenol. The experimental results show that the combination of photocatalysis and activated sodium persulfate reaction can completely degrade 100 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenol under UV light for 3 h, and the degradation efficiency is much higher than the sum of the two separate reactions. Quenching experiments show that SO4- • radicals play the most important role in the three free radicals (SO4- •, •OH and •O2- ) in the advanced oxidation combination system. Finally, the reaction mechanism of the two advanced oxidation combined systems are speculated.
Conference Proceeding
Near-Unity Nitrate to Ammonia conversion via reactant enrichment at the solid-liquid interface
Electroreduction of nitrate (NO
3
‒
) to ammonia (NH
3
) is a promising approach for addressing energy challenges. However, the activity is limited by NO
3
‒
mass transfer, particularly at reduction potential, where an abundance of electrons on the cathode surface repels NO
3
‒
from the inner Helmholtz plane (IHP). This constraint becomes pronounced as NO
3
‒
concentration decreases, impeding practical applications in the conversion of NO
3
‒
-to-NH
3
. Herein, we propose a generic strategy of catalyst bandstructure engineering for the enrichment of negatively charged ions through solid-liquid (S-L) junction-mediated charge rearrangement within IHP. Specifically, during NO
3
‒
reduction, the formation of S-L junction induces hole transfer from Ag-doped MoS
2
(Ag-MoS
2
) to electrode/electrolyte interface, triggering abundant positive charges on the IHP to attract NO
3
‒
. Thus, Ag-MoS
2
exhibits a ~ 28.6-fold NO
3
‒
concentration in the IHP than the counterpart without junction, and achieves near-100% NH
3
Faradaic efficiency with an NH
3
yield rate of ~20 mg h
‒1
cm
‒2
under ultralow NO
3
‒
concentrations.
Electroreduction of low-concentration NO
3
−
to NH
3
is limited by NO
3
−
mass transfer. Here, the authors propose a strategy for NO
3
−
enrichment through charge rearrangement within the inner Helmholtz plane, achieving near-unity conversion of NO
3
−
to NH
3
.
Journal Article