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شي جين بينغ : حول الحكم والإدارة
ترجع أهمية هذا الكتاب، وما حظي به من إقبال دولي كبير خارج الصين إلى ثلاثة عوامل رئيسية هامة. الأول : أنه يتحدث عن الدولة التي أصبحت محط أنظار العالم خلال الفترة الأخيرة، فالكتاب يسلط الضوء على النظريات الهامة والقضايا الواقعية لتنمية الصين في العصر الجديد، ويفتح نافذة للمجتمع الدولي لتعزيز معرفته وفهمه للمفهوم الصيني للتنمية وطريق التنمية وسياسات الصين الداخلية والخارجية. العامل الثاني، يتمثل في شخصية مؤلف الكتاب، وهو الرئيس شي جين بينغ، الذي لفت أنظار العالم بفضل سماته الشخصية الصادقة والودية منذ المؤتمر الثامن عشر للحزب الشيوعي الصيني، إذ تركت أقواله وأفعاله انطباعا عميقا لدى المجتمع الدولي. وبصفته أعلى قائد للصين حزبا ودولة، فقد ألقى الرئيس شي كلمات كثيرة حول حوكمة الدولة وإدارة شؤونها، طرح فيها الكثير من الأفكار والنظريات والاستنتاجات الجديدة، وأجاب عن المسائل النظرية والواقعية الهامة حول تطور الحزب والدولة في الظروف التاريخية الجديدة. وعرض بصورة مركزة مفهوم حوكمة الدولة واستراتيجية تنفيذ الحكم للجماعة القيادية الجديدة للجنة المركزية للحزب الشيوعي الصيني. وبالتالي فإن قراءة هذا الكتاب تساعد على فهم أفكار الرئيس شي حول حكم البلاد وإدارة شؤونها، بجانب التعرف على سمات وخصائص شخصيته من تواضع وتسامح وثقة بالنفس وأدب جم ورغبة في خدمة الشعب. أما العامل الثالث، فيتمثل في تنوع المفاهيم التي يحتوي عليها الكتاب، فهو يضم العديد من المفاهيم المتقدمة حول حكم البلاد وإدارة شؤونها، والتي لا تقتصر فائدتها وتأثيراتها على التنمية في الصين فقط، وإنما تمتد أيضا إلى التنمية في دول العالم الأخرى. القراءة المتفحصة لعناوين الفصول الثمانية عشر التي يضمها الكتاب بين دفتيه وما تضمنه من أفكار ومفاهيم قيمة، تجعلنا نستنتج أن ثمة ركيزتين رئيسيتين يركز عليهما الرئيس شي في سبيل تحقيق ليس فقط حلم الصين للنهضة العظيمة للأمة الصينية، وإنما أيضا تحقيق الرفاه والسعادة لدول وشعوب العالم.
Book
PRRT2 deficiency induces paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia by regulating synaptic transmission in cerebellum
Mutations in the proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 （PRRT2） are associated with paroxysmal kinesigenic dys- kinesia （PKD） and several other paroxysmal neurological diseases, but the PRRT2 function and pathogenic mecha- nisms remain largely obscure. Here we show that PRRT2 is a presynaptic protein that interacts with components of the SNARE complex and downregulates its formation. Loss-of-function mutant mice showed PKD-like phenotypes triggered by generalized seizures, hyperthermia, or optogenetic stimulation of the cerebellum. Mutant mice with spe- cific PRRT2 deletion in cerebellar granule cells （GCs） recapitulate the behavioral phenotypes seen in Prrt2-null mice. Furthermore, recording made in cerebellar slices showed that optogenetic stimulation of GCs results in transient elevation followed by suppression of Purkinje cell firing. The anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine used in PKD treat- ment also relieved PKD-like behaviors in mutant mice. Together, our findings identify PRRT2 as a novel regulator of the SNARE complex and provide a circuit mechanism underlying the PRRT2-related behaviors.
Journal Article
The impacts of product market competition on the quantity and quality of voluntary disclosures
This study examines how firms’ voluntary disclosure decisions are influenced by product market competition. Using separate measures to capture different dimensions of competition, I show that competition from potential entrants increases disclosure quantity while competition from existing rivals decreases disclosure quantity. I also find that competition enhances disclosure quality mainly through reducing the optimism in profit forecasts and reducing the pessimism in investment forecasts. Moreover, I find that the above association is less pronounced for industry leaders, consistent with industry leaders facing less competitive pressures than industry followers.
Journal Article
La gouvernance de la Chine
\"As general secretary of the CPC Central Committee and president of the People's Republic of China, Xi Jinping has delivered many speeches on a broad range of issues. He has offered his thoughts, views and judgments, and answered a series of important theoretical and practical questions about the Party and the country in these changing times. His speeches embody the philosophy of the new central leadership. To respond to rising international interest and to enhance the rest of the world's understanding of the Chinese government's philosophy and its domestic and foreign policies, the State Council Information Office, the Party Literature Research Office of the CPC Central Committee and the China International Publishing Group have worked together to produce this book. The book is a compilation of Xi Jinping's major works from November 15, 2012 to June 13, 2014. It includes, speeches, talks, interviews, instructions, and correspondence for a total of 70 pieces. It also contains 45 pictures of Xi Jinping at work and in daily life with focus on the period since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012\"--Publisher's note.
Effectiveness and Safety of Acupuncture for Migraine: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Background. Migraine is a common neurological disease, which burdens individuals and society all over the world. Acupuncture, an important method in Traditional Chinese Medicine, is widely used in clinical practice as a treatment for migraine. Several systematic reviews (SRs) have investigated the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for migraine. Objective. To summarize and critically assess the quality of relevant SRs and present an objective and comprehensive evidence on the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for migraine. Data Sources. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biological Medicine (CBM), China Science and Technology Journal (SCTJ), and WanFang database (WF) were searched from inception to December 2019 and grey literatures were manually searched. Selection Criteria. SRs which meet the criteria were independently selected by 2 reviewers according to a predetermined protocol. Data Extraction. Characteristics of included SRs were independently extracted by 2 reviewers following a predefined data extraction form. Review Appraisal. The methodological quality, risk of bias, and reporting quality of included SRs were assessed, respectively, by a Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2, the Risk of Bias in Systematic reviews (ROBIS) tool, and the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis-Acupuncture (PRISMA-A) statement. The quality of outcomes was evaluated by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Results. A total of 15 SRs were included. All the SRs were published between 2011–2019. Based on AMSTAR 2, 14 out of 15 SRs were rated critically low quality and 1 was rated low quality. According to ROBIS tool, 9 SRs (60%) were low risk of bias. With the PRISMA-A checklist, we found 11 out of 15 SRs were found adequately reported over 70%. With the GRADE tool, we found high quality of evidence indicated that the effective rate of acupuncture was superior to western medicine in treatment of migraine. Besides, acupuncture reduced more headache days and the times of using painkiller and was more effective in reducing the frequency and degree of headache than western medicine and sham acupuncture. Limitations. There might be some missing information. The accuracy of the conclusions may be decreased reduced since we were unable to synthesis all the evidence. Conclusions. Based on high quality of evidence, we concluded that acupuncture may be an effective and safe therapy for migraine. However, the quality of SRs in acupuncture for migraine still needs more improvement.
Journal Article
Assembly of Homochiral Magneto-Optical Dy6 Triangular Clusters by Fixing Carbon Dioxide in the Air
A new hydrazone Schiff base bridging ligand (H2LSchiff (E)-N′-((1-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)methylene)pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide) and L/D-proline were used to construct a pair of homochiral Dy6 cluster complexes, [Dy6(CO3)(L-Pro)6(LSchiff)4(HLSchiff)2]·5DMA·2H2O (L-1, L-HPro = L-proline; DMA = N,N-dimethylacetamide) and [Dy6(CO3)(D-Pro)6(LSchiff)4(HLSchiff)2]·5DMA·2H2O (D-1, D-HPro = D-proline), which show a novel triangular Dy6 topology. Notably, the fixation of CO2 in the air formed a carbonato central bridge, playing a key role in assembling L-1/D-1. Magnetic measurements revealed that L-1/D-1 displays intramolecular ferromagnetic coupling and magnetic relaxation behaviours. Furthermore, L-1/D-1 shows a distinct magneto-optical Faraday effect and has a second harmonic generation (SHG) response (1.0 × KDP) at room temperature. The results show that the immobilization of CO2 provides a novel pathway for homochiral multifunctional 4f cluster complexes.
Journal Article
A randomized, controlled clinical trial comparing remimazolam to propofol when combined with alfentanil for sedation during ERCP procedures
In many countries, the combination of propofol and opioid is used as the preferred sedative regime during ERCP. However, the most serious risks of propofol sedation are oxygen deficiency and hypotension. Compared to midazolam, remimazolam has a faster onset and offset of hypnotic effect, as well as cardiorespiratory stability, and to achieve widespread acceptance for procedural sedation, remimazolam must replace propofol which is the most commonly used for procedural sedation. The objective of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy profiles of the remimazolam and propofol when combined with alfentanil for sedation during ERCP procedures.
A randomized, controlled, single-center trial.
The Endoscopic Centre of Tianjin Nankai Hospital, China.
518 patients undergoing elective ERCP under deep sedation.
Patients scheduled for ERCP were randomly assigned to be sedated with either a combination of remimazolam-alfentanil or propofol-alfentanil.
The primary outcome was the prevalence of hypoxia, which was defined as SpO2 < 90% for >10 s. Other outcomes were the need for airway maneuver, procedure, and sedation-related outcomes and side effects (e.g., nausea, vomiting, and cardiovascular adverse events).
A total of 518 patients underwent randomization. Of these, 250 were assigned to the remimazolam group and 255 to the propofol group. During ERCP, 9.6% of patients in the remimazolam group showed hypoxia, while in the propofol group, 15.7% showed hypoxia (p = 0.04). The need for airway maneuvering due to hypoxia was significantly greater in the propofol group (p = 0.04). Furthermore, patients sedated with remimazolam had a lower percentage of hypotension than patients sedated with propofol (p < 0.001). Patients receiving remimazolam sedation expressed higher satisfaction scores and were recommended the same sedation for the next ERCP. The procedure time in the remimazolam group was much longer than in the propofol group due to the complexity of the patient's disease, which resulted in a longer sedation time.
During elective ERCP, patients administered with remimazolam showed fewer respiratory depression events under deep sedation with hemodynamic advantages over propofol when administered in combination with alfentanil.
•The combination of propofol and an opioid is the preferred sedative regime during ERCP.•The major concerns with propofol sedation include oxygen desaturation and hypotension.•Patients administered with remimazolam showed fewer respiratory depression events and hemodynamic advantages over propofol.•These results may provide more options for ERCP sedation.
Journal Article