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حديقة هوه شيل في تشينغهاي الصينية : واحدة من أبدع حدائق العالم
هوه شيل هي واحدة من أهم وأشهر الحدائق والمحميات الطبيعية في مقاطعة تشينغهاي الصينية، أدرجت في \"قائمة التراث العالمي\" في الاجتماع الحادي والأربعين للجنة التراث العالمي لليونسكو في بولندا عام 2017، وأصبحت موقع التراث العالمي الحادي والخمسين في الصين والأول بمقاطعة تشينغهاي ؛ ويحوى هذا الكتاب خلاصة العديد من الدراسات والبحوث، ويعرض لأول مرة موجزا عن التاريخ الطبيعي والبشري لموقع التراث العالمي والمتنزه الوطني هوه شيل استنادا إلى البيانات الرسمية الصينية ؛ ويصف النظم الإيكولوجية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية، ويوفر دعما غنيا بالبيانات العلمية الأساسية وبحوث المختبر الإيكولوجي في تلك الهضبة العالمية الشاسعة، وهو يمثل مرجعا مهما في مجال حماية التنوع البيولوجي محليا وعالميا، وهذا الكتاب لا يسلط الضوء على سحر الطبيعة في تلك البقعة من الصين التي تحوي الكثير من الجبال والوديان والبحيرات والحدائق الطبيعية بل يستعرض أيضا وبشكل من التفصيل، التنوع والثراء النباتي والحيواني في حديقة هوه شيل الصينية.
Book
Intelligent clothing wear display design based on 3D reconstruction stereo and VR technology
To solve the low efficiency, high cost, and poor user experience in traditional clothing design and display, this study integrates 3D reconstruction stereo and virtual reality technology to develop an intelligent clothing wearable display system, improving design efficiency and user experience. By introducing Transformer and overlapping attention mechanism, a 3D reconstruction stereo (Transformer with Overlapping Attention for Multi-View Stereo 3D Reconstruction, TransOver-MVS) method is constructed to achieve high-precision 3D reconstruction. Based on this model, a virtual reality intelligent clothing wearing display platform is designed, which includes clothing modeling, human body modeling, and human clothing interaction modules. Intelligent stitching and conflict detection algorithms are used to enhance the authenticity of virtual try on. The results showed that TransOver-MVS had an average deviation of 0.215 mm, 0.186 mm, and 0.329 mm in accuracy, completeness, and integrity on the Danish Technical University Dataset, which was superior to the comparison techniques. The average F-score on the Tanks and Temples dataset was 32.09, which also performed the best. The intelligent clothing display platform showed that the score for role model saving and virtual matching clothing addition and deletion functions reached 9.7 points. The research has verified the superiority of TransOver-MVS in 3D reconstruction, initially achieving digital closed-loop management of clothing and human body, providing innovative solutions for clothing design and display, promoting the digital transformation of the clothing industry, and improving design efficiency and market competitiveness.
Journal Article
Roles of the CXCL8-CXCR1/2 Axis in the Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy
In humans, Interleukin-8 (IL-8 or CXCL8) is a granulocytic chemokine with multiple roles within the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as recruiting immunosuppressive cells to the tumor, increasing tumor angiogenesis, and promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). All of these effects of CXCL8 on individual cell types can result in cascading alterations to the TME. The changes in the TME components such as the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the immune cells, the extracellular matrix, the blood vessels, or the lymphatic vessels further influence tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Emerging roles of the microbiome in tumorigenesis or tumor progression revealed the intricate interactions between inflammatory response, dysbiosis, metabolites, CXCL8, immune cells, and the TME. Studies have shown that CXCL8 directly contributes to TME remodeling, cancer plasticity, and the development of resistance to both chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Further, clinical data demonstrate that CXCL8 could be an easily measurable prognostic biomarker in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. The blockade of the CXCL8-CXCR1/2 axis alone or in combination with other immunotherapy will be a promising strategy to improve antitumor efficacy. Herein, we review recent advances focusing on identifying the mechanisms between TME components and the CXCL8-CXCR1/2 axis for novel immunotherapy strategies.
Journal Article
تاريخ العلاقات بين الصين وعمان
يستعرض هذا الكتاب الجوانب التاريخية والسياسية والثقافية للعلاقات بين الصين وسلطنة عمان، منذ العصور القديمة وحتى العصر الحديث، مع تركيز خاص على التبادل التجاري والبحري الذي ازدهر بين الجانبين عبر طريق الحرير البحري. يبرز الكتاب كيف شكل التواصل الحضاري بين الصين وعمان أحد أقدم النماذج للعلاقات السلمية في التاريخ، حيث ساهم البحارة العمانيون في نقل السلع والثقافات بين الشرق الأقصى والجزيرة العربية. كما يتناول العلاقات الدبلوماسية الحديثة بين البلدين، وتطورها في إطار الشراكات الاقتصادية ومبادرة الحزام والطريق، مؤكدا على الاحترام المتبادل والتعاون المتوازن بين البلدين عبر القرون.
BOOK
Collective locomotion of two closely spaced self-propelled flapping plates
Energetic benefit and enhanced performance are considered among the most fascinating achievements of collective behaviours, e.g. fish schools and flying formations. The collective locomotion of two self-propelled flapping plates initially in a side-by-side arrangement is investigated numerically. Both in-phase and antiphase oscillations for the two plates are considered. It is found that the plates will spontaneously form some stable configurations as a result of the flow-mediated interaction, specifically, the staggered-following (SF) mode and the alternate-leading (AL) mode for the in-phase scenario and the moving abreast (MA) mode and the AL mode for the antiphase scenario. In the SF mode, the rear plate follows the front one with a staggered configuration. In the AL mode, the plates chase each other side-by-side alternately. In terms of propulsive speed and efficiency, the performance of the plates in the SF mode with small lateral spacing
$H$
is found to be better than those in the tandem following case (
$H=0$
) and the side-by-side case (i.e. the AL mode). To achieve higher propulsive efficiency, no matter in-phase or antiphase oscillations, the two plates with moderate bending stiffness, e.g.
$K\\approx O(1)$
, are preferred and they should be close enough in the lateral direction. For the side-by-side configuration, the performance of each plate in the antiphase and in-phase scenarios is enhanced and weakened in comparison with that of the isolated plate, respectively. Besides the pressure and vorticity contours, the normal force and thrust acting on the plates are also analysed. It is revealed that the thrust is mainly contributed by the normal force at moderate bending stiffness. The normal force and thrust are critical to the propulsive speed and efficiency. For two self-propelled plates, in view of hydrodynamics, to achieve higher performance the in-phase SF mode and antiphase flappings in the side-by-side configuration are preferred.
Journal Article
Effect of trailing-edge shape on the self-propulsive performance of heaving flexible plates
The effect of trailing-edge shape on the self-propulsive performance of three-dimensional flexible plates is studied numerically. In our study, the trailing edges of the plates are symmetric chevron shapes, and the trailing-edge angle$\\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$varies from$30^{\\circ }$(concave plate) to$150^{\\circ }$(convex plate). Under different bending stiffnesses $K$, three regimes of the propulsive performance in terms of propulsive velocity$U$and efficiency$\\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}$as a function of$\\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$are identified. When$K$is small, moderate and large, the square, convex and concave plate achieves the best performance, respectively. Analyses of vortical structures and velocity fields show that usually the jet behind the plate with the best performance is longest. Besides, the inclination angle of the jet may be small. The different propulsive performances at small and moderate$K$are mainly attributed to the phase lag of the trailing edge. The force acting on the plate is analysed and it is found that the thrust force is mainly contributed by the normal force. If$U$,$\\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}$and$K$are rescaled by the normal force and the area moment of the plate, the curves for different$\\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$almost collapse into a single curve when the bending stiffness coefficient is small or moderate. The scaling confirms that the normal force should be the characteristic fluid force at small or moderate$K$and the$\\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$effect is governed by the area moment. The findings may shed some light on the propulsive performance of aquatic animals.
Journal Article
The prevalence of HIV among MSM in China: a large-scale systematic analysis
Background
The prevalence of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) has become a significant public health challenge. The aim was to comprehensively estimate the national prevalence of HIV among MSM and its time trends through a large-scale systematic analysis.
Methods
Systematic search of Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang Data databases without language restriction for studies on the prevalence of HIV among MSM published before Dec.31, 2018. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were published in the peer-reviewed literature and used validated assessment methods to assess the prevalence of HIV among MSM. Estimates were pooled using random-effects analysis.
Results
Data were extracted from 355 cross-sectional studies (571,328 individuals) covered 59 cities from 30 provinces and municipalities of China. The overall national prevalence of HIV among MSM from 2001 to 2018 was estimated to be 5.7% (95% CI: 5.4–6.1%), with high between-study heterogeneity (
I
2
= 98.0%,
P
< 0.001). Our study showed an increased tendency in the HIV prevalence as time progressed by meta-regression analysis (
I
2
= 95.9%,
P
< 0.0001). HIV prevalence was the highest in those aged 50 years and older with HIV prevalence of 19.3% (95%CI: 13.1-27.4%,
N
= 13). HIV was more prevalent in the illiterate population (16.8%), than in those who had received an education. Although the internet was a major venue for Chinese MSM seeking male sex partners (35.6, 95%CI: 32.3-39.9%,
N
= 101), seeking MSM in bathhouses/saunas had the highest associated prevalence of HIV (13.4, 95%CI: 10.3-17.1%,
N
= 22). The HIV prevalence among MSM varied by location: compared with other regions in China, HIV was highly prevalent among MSM in the southwest (10.7, 95%CI: 9.3-12.2%,
N
= 91). Compared to participants who sometimes or always used condoms, participants who had never used a condom in the past 6 months had a higher risk of HIV infection, with odds ratios of 0.1 (95%CI: 0.08-0.14).
Conclusions
Our analysis provided reliable estimates of China’s HIV burden among MSM, which appears to present an increasing national public health challenge. Effective government responses are needed to address this challenge and include the implementation of HIV prevention.
Journal Article
A net-zero emissions strategy for China’s power sector using carbon-capture utilization and storage
Decarbonized power systems are critical to mitigate climate change, yet methods to achieve a reliable and resilient near-zero power system are still under exploration. This study develops an hourly power system simulation model considering high-resolution geological constraints for carbon-capture-utilization-and-storage to explore the optimal solution for a reliable and resilient near-zero power system. This is applied to 31 provinces in China by simulating 10,450 scenarios combining different electricity storage durations and interprovincial transmission capacities, with various shares of abated fossil power with carbon-capture-utilization-and-storage. Here, we show that allowing up to 20% abated fossil fuel power generation in the power system could reduce the national total power shortage rate by up to 9.0 percentages in 2050 compared with a zero fossil fuel system. A lowest-cost scenario with 16% abated fossil fuel power generation in the system even causes 2.5% lower investment costs in the network (or $16.8 billion), and also increases system resilience by reducing power shortage during extreme climatic events.
This study indicates that allowing up to 20% abated fossil fuel in China’s power generation system could reduce the power shortage rate by up to 9% in 2050, and increase system resilience during weather events relative to a zero fossil fuel system.
Journal Article
India’s potential for integrating solar and on- and offshore wind power into its energy system
This paper considers options for a future Indian power economy in which renewables, wind and solar, could meet 80% of anticipated 2040 power demand supplanting the country’s current reliance on coal. Using a cost optimization model, here we show that renewables could provide a source of power cheaper or at least competitive with what could be supplied using fossil-based alternatives. The ancillary advantage would be a significant reduction in India’s future power sector related emissions of CO
2
. Using a model in which prices for wind turbines and solar PV systems are assumed to continue their current decreasing trend, we conclude that an investment in renewables at a level consistent with meeting 80% of projected 2040 power demand could result in a reduction of 85% in emissions of CO
2
relative to what might be expected if the power sector were to continue its current coal dominated trajectory.
India currently relies heavily on fossil-based sources for its power needs. Here the authors show that renewable energy in India could be cheaper than fossil-based alternatives and could reduce CO
2
emissions by 85% by 2040.
Journal Article