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Binodoxys communis is a dominant endoparasitoid of aphids in cotton fields, yet empirical evidence on how temperature and humidity regulate its growth, development, and reproduction remains limited. To address this gap, we assessed the effects of both constant and fluctuating temperature, as well as various combinations of temperature and humidity, on the longevity, parasitism, and fecundity of this parasitoid. Our results revealed that adult longevity of B. communis was longer at 20 °C and 25 °C while significantly shortened at a high temperature (35 °C). Similarly, the parasitism rate, female ratio, emergence duration, and offspring longevity of the parasitoid were all superior at 20 °C and 25 °C compared to 15 °C and 35 °C. Moreover, the longevity of both male (6.96 ± 0.10 d) and female (6.88 ± 0.07 d) parasitoids was significantly extended at 25 °C and 60% RH. Temperature had a marked impact on the parasitic capability of parasitoids, with the number of Aphis gossypii parasitized daily by B. communis being significantly higher at 25 °C than at 15 °C and 35 °C. Nevertheless, humidity and the interaction between humidity and temperature had no significant influence on parasitic capacity. The parasitism of B. communis followed the Holling-II model, with the highest daily maximum parasitism observed at 25 °C. In conclusion, our study showed that 25 °C positively enhanced the fitness of B. communis, providing a valuable reference for indoor population expansion and field release of B. communis, potentially enhancing its effectiveness as a biological control agent against aphids.

Alterative nutritional foods consumed by adult parasitoids play an important role in their fitness and ability to control pests because of food scarcity in many crops. While adult parasitoids feed on various sugars, they vary in their nutritional value for parasitoids. We assessed the effects of seven sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, trehalose, maltose, melezitose, and sorbitol) on the longevity, parasitism ability, parasitism behavior, and flight ability of B. communis, an important parasitoid of cotton aphids. We found that access to glucose, sucrose, or fructose, increased B. communis adult longevity more than the other sugars offered. All sugars except trehalose increased the parasitism rate to more than 50% compared to the starved control (only provided with water). We then compared parasitoid behaviors of wasps fed glucose, sucrose, or fructose to that of the starved control (with access only to water) and found that those fed B. communis spent more time either examining or attacking aphids than parasitoids in the control group, which spent more time walking or resting. Also, consumption of glucose, sucrose, or fructose also significantly improved the flight ability (the total flight distance, flight time, and average flight speed) of B. communis.

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), chemicals produced by plants infested by herbivorous insects, can act as kairomones that recruit natural enemies of the pest herbivore. Agrotis segetum (Denis and Schiffermüller) is a common, important pest of seedling cotton in Xinjiang Province, China, and the braconid Microplitis mediator (Haliday) is an important mortality factor of this pest’s larvae. In olfactometer tests, which included healthy foliage, infested foliage, or infested roots, M. mediator preferred A. segetum-infested cotton plants to healthy cotton plants. In GC-MS analyses of plant-emitted volatiles, we found that compounds emitted increased 14.9- and 13.3- fold after leaf infestation and root infestation, respectively, compared to healthy control plants. The volatiles were mainly p-xylene, nonanal, tetradecane, decanal, benzaldehyde, β-caryophyllene, and humulene, while linalool was only present in the leaf-infestation treatment. In addition, principal component analysis indicated that all 18 compounds were associated with the infested plants, especially β-caryophyllene, p-xylene, and decanal. Based on the above studies and previous functional evaluations of the volatile compounds, it can be demonstrated that these compounds play a crucial role in modulating the interactions between A. segetum and M. mediator and regulating parasitoid behavior. It may be possible to enhance the biological control of A. segetum by M. mediator through the application of HIPVs.

Volatile compounds play indispensable roles in the interactions among host plants, herbivores and natural enemies. Previous studies showed that the addition of buckwheat strips in cotton fields could attract Peristenus spretus, the dominant parasitoid of Apolygus lucorum, and enhance its parasitic activity. Through the combined analysis of Y-tube olfactometer, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and electroantennography (EAG), we found that male and female P. spretus responded to compounds present in buckwheat flowers. The five major components of buckwheat flowers, cis-3-hexenyl acetate (Z3HA), 4-methylanisole, 4-oxoisophorone, p-methylphenol and 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, all had a significant attraction to P. spretus adults and led to positive electroantennogram responses, especially for 10 mg/mL 4-oxoisophorone, indicating the components played a key role in the selection behavior of P. spretus to buckwheat flowers. Additionally, field trials showed that the five volatiles could significantly increase the parasitism by P. spretus. Our study screened the key active components of buckwheat flower volatiles that have an attractive effect on P. spretus, revealing its behavioral selection mechanism and emphasizing the important role of plant volatiles on host selection and parasitism of parasitic wasps, providing a theoretical basis for the development of attractants for P. spretus and the reduction of pesticides in the field to promote conservation biological control (CBC) of A. lucorum.

Volatile compounds play indispensable roles in the interactions among host plants, herbivores and natural enemies. Previous studies showed that the addition of buckwheat strips in cotton fields could attract Peristenus spretus, the dominant parasitoid of Apolygus lucorum, and enhance its parasitic activity. Through the combined analysis of Y-tube olfactometer, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and electroantennography (EAG), we found that male and female P. spretus responded to compounds present in buckwheat flowers. The five major components of buckwheat flowers, cis-3-hexenyl acetate (Z3HA), 4-methylanisole, 4-oxoisophorone, p-methylphenol and 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, all had a significant attraction to P. spretus adults and led to positive electroantennogram responses, especially for 10 mg/mL 4-oxoisophorone, indicating the components played a key role in the selection behavior of P. spretus to buckwheat flowers. Additionally, field trials showed that the five volatiles could significantly increase the parasitism by P. spretus. Our study screened the key active components of buckwheat flower volatiles that have an attractive effect on P. spretus, revealing its behavioral selection mechanism and emphasizing the important role of plant volatiles on host selection and parasitism of parasitic wasps, providing a theoretical basis for the development of attractants for P. spretus and the reduction of pesticides in the field to promote conservation biological control (CBC) of A. lucorum.

Different nutritional supplements can differentially affect the reproductive performance of parasitoid wasps, and selection of optimal diets can increase parasitoid quality, increasing their effectiveness as biological control agents. Binodoxys communis (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is the main parasitoid attacking Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphidae) in Xinjiang, China. In this study we tested the effects of fructose, glucose, sucrose, trehalose, maltose, melezitose, and sorbitol on the longevity, parasitism ability, parasitism behavior, and flight ability of B. communis. We found that, compared with other sugars, B. communis fed on glucose, sucrose, or fructose had significantly greatly longevity and parasitism ability. Also, parasitoids that were fed these sugars interacted with A. gossypii more frequently during parasitization and had an enhanced ability. The above information helps in the evaluation of nutritional supplements, both to improve the parasitoid’s reproductive performance and its effectiveness as a biological control agent. Alterative nutritional foods consumed by adult parasitoids play an important role in their fitness and ability to control pests because of food scarcity in many crops. While adult parasitoids feed on various sugars, they vary in their nutritional value for parasitoids. We assessed the effects of seven sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, trehalose, maltose, melezitose, and sorbitol) on the longevity, parasitism ability, parasitism behavior, and flight ability of B. communis, an important parasitoid of cotton aphids. We found that access to glucose, sucrose, or fructose, increased B. communis adult longevity more than the other sugars offered. All sugars except trehalose increased the parasitism rate to more than 50% compared to the starved control (only provided with water). We then compared parasitoid behaviors of wasps fed glucose, sucrose, or fructose to that of the starved control (with access only to water) and found that those fed B. communis spent more time either examining or attacking aphids than parasitoids in the control group, which spent more time walking or resting. Also, consumption of glucose, sucrose, or fructose also significantly improved the flight ability (the total flight distance, flight time, and average flight speed) of B. communis.

In recent years, more attention paid to the spine caused by related diseases, spinal parsing (the multi-class segmentation of vertebrae and intervertebral disc) is an important part of the diagnosis and treatment of various spinal diseases. The more accurate the segmentation of medical images, the more convenient and quick the clinicians can evaluate and diagnose spinal diseases. Traditional medical image segmentation is often time consuming and energy consuming. In this paper, an efficient and novel automatic segmentation network model for MR spine images is designed. The proposed Inception-CBAM Unet++ (ICUnet++) model replaces the initial module with the Inception structure in the encoder-decoder stage base on Unet++ , which uses the parallel connection of multiple convolution kernels to obtain the features of different receptive fields during in the feature extraction. According to the characteristics of the attention mechanism, Attention Gate module and CBAM module are used in the network to make the attention coefficient highlight the characteristics of the local area. To evaluate the segmentation performance of network model, four evaluation metrics, namely intersection over union (IoU), dice similarity coefficient(DSC), true positive rate(TPR), positive predictive value(PPV) are used in the study. The published SpineSagT2Wdataset3 spinal MRI dataset is used during the experiments. In the experiment results, IoU reaches 83.16%, DSC is 90.32%, TPR is 90.40%, and PPV is 90.52%. It can be seen that the segmentation indicators have been significantly improved, which reflects the effectiveness of the model.

This study proposes a Taiji-shaped microstrip patch antenna without affecting its size and design complexity. The radiation patch adopts a Taiji-like shape design, and the traditional Chinese Bagua-shaped parasitic element is loaded on the periphery of the radiation patch on the surface of the dielectric substrate to optimize the impedance matching further and improve the gain. The software HFSS15.0 is used to simulate the antenna and compare the results. The results show that the antenna achieves dual-band characteristics at 2.45GHz and 5.04GHz, has an impedance bandwidth of 110MHz and 250MHz, and has a positive gain of 7.13dB. The proposed antenna is suitable for the field of wireless communication.

R617; 目的 探讨糖化白蛋白(glycated albumin,GA)对肾移植受者(renal transplant recipients,RTR)继发移植后糖尿病(post-transplantation diabetes mellitus,PTDM)的预测价值.方法回顾性分析西安交通大学第一附属医院2017年1月至2017年12月年龄≥18岁、移植前无糖尿病、首次肾移植患者,排除移植前甲状腺功能异常、移植后空腹血糖受损、移植肾失功、移植肾切除、失访或死亡患者.按照2014年PTDM诊断标准,根据肾移植(renal transplan-tation,RT)45 d后至少2次空腹血糖(FPG)结果分为移植后糖尿病组(PTDM组)及移植后空腹血糖正常组(PTNFG组),并随访1年.对两组患者临床资料进行统计分析.绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),评价GA对RTR继发PTDM的预测价值.结果共筛选282例RTR,有72例不符合条件,最终210例患者纳入分析,其中PTDM组21例、PTNFG组189例.PTDM组体质量、体质量指数(BMI)均高于PTNFG组(P<0.05);低镁血症发生率PTDM组高于PTNFG组(P<0.05);术前GA两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);术后7、14 d,PTDM组GA均高于PTNFG组(P<0.05);其中术后14 d GA预测价值最大,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.749,当术后14 d GA为14.55％时,约登指数最大,预测PTDM的敏感度为57.1％,特异度为87.3％,阳性似然比为4.5,阴性似然比为0.49,阳性预测值为57.1％,阴性预测值为87.3％.结论肾移植术后14 d GA可预测RTR继发PTDM.