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The application of a versatile, low‐temperature thin‐film transistor (TFT) technology is presently described as the implementation on a flexible substrate of an analog front‐end (AFE) system for the acquisition of bio‐potential signals. The technology is based on semiconducting amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (IGZO). The AFE system consists of three monolithically integrated constituent components: a bias‐filter circuit with a bio‐compatible low cut‐off frequency of ≈1 Hz, a 4‐stage differential amplifier offering a large gain‐bandwidth product of ≈955 kHz, and an additional notch filter exhibiting over 30 dB suppression of the power‐line noise. Respectively built using conductive IGZO electrodes with thermally induced donor agents and enhancement‐mode fluorinated IGZO TFTs with exceptionally low leakage current, both capacitors and resistors with significantly reduced footprints are realized. Defined as the ratio of the gain‐bandwidth product of an AFE system to its area, a record‐setting figure‐of‐merit of ≈86 kHz mm−2 is achieved. This is about an order of magnitude larger than the < 10 kHz mm−2 of the nearest benchmark. Requiring no supplementary off‐substrate signal‐conditioning components and occupying an area of ≈11 mm2, the stand‐alone AFE system is successfully applied to both electromyography and electrocardiography (ECG). Presently described is The application of a versatile, low‐temperature thin‐film transistor technology to the implementation of a flexible substrate of an analog front‐end system for the acquisition of bio‐potential signals is presen. The analog front‐end system consists of three monolithically integrated constituent components: an area‐saving bias‐filter circuit, a high‐gain 4‐stage differential amplifier, and a notch filter to remove power line noise.

The low–temperature poly–Si oxide (LTPO) backplane is realized by monolithically integrating low–temperature poly–Si (LTPS) and amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS) thin–film transistors (TFTs) in the same display backplane. The LTPO–enabled dynamic refreshing rate can significantly reduce the display’s power consumption. However, the essential hydrogenation of LTPS would seriously deteriorate AOS TFTs by increasing the population of channel defects and carriers. Hydrogen (H) diffusion barriers were comparatively investigated to reduce the H content in amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide (a–IGZO). Moreover, the intrinsic H–resistance of a–IGZO was impressively enhanced by plasma treatments, such as fluorine and nitrous oxide. Enabled by the suppressed H conflict, a novel AOS/LTPS integration structure was tested by directly stacking the H–resistant a–IGZO on poly–Si TFT, dubbed metal–oxide–on–Si (MOOS). The noticeably shrunken layout footprint could support much higher resolution and pixel density for next–generation displays, especially AR and VR displays. Compared to the conventional LTPO circuits, the more compact MOOS circuits exhibited similar characteristics.

Due to their process requirements being similar to the making of amorphous silicon thinfilm transistors (TFTs) and their relatively higher field-effect mobility (μFE), metal-oxide (MO) TFTs are being deployed in the construction of flat panel displays. The elevated-metal MO (EMMO) TFT technology, based on the distinct effects of oxidizing thermal annealing on the properties of MO semiconducting films under covers of different gas-permeability, reveals promising prospects. This thesis is aimed at studying the architecture modification and material engineering of EMMO TFTs in advanced flat-panel displays (FPDs). By establishing and analyzing a design model through pixel charging and delay propagating in the active-matrix (AM) displays, it is found that the development of EMMO technology should focus on the improvement of inner mobility, decreasing feature size and reducing parasitic capacitance to aid its competitiveness in advanced FPDs. The dependence of the annealing behaviors of the resistivity of indium-tin-zinc oxide (ITZO) film on gas-permeability is studied. ITZO-based EMMO TFTs have been realized and characterized. Good performance metrics, such as a relatively high μFE of above 20 cm2/Vs, transfer characteristics free of hysteresis and a low width-normalized off-state leakage current of at most 8.1×10-19 A /μm were obtained. With the more effective method of combining the fluorination and oxidation on passivating oxygen vacancy defects, a thermally oxidized fluorinated MO channel is the optimized combination to improve the transistor scalability and reliability. By controlling the “lateral” oxidation in the homojunction, sub-micron short channel EMMO TFTs have been realized and characterized. With the study of the dependence of the migration of an annealing-induced junction in MO, the self-aligned EMMO architecture is proposed and achieved by employing a back-side flood exposure step with annealing-induced junctions self-aligned to the edges of the gate electrode. While offering the same small parasitic capacitance, the self-aligned EMMO technology further allows full oxidation of the channel region, thus improving the performance and reliability of the transistor.

Unsaturated magnetoresistance （MR） has been reported in type-II Weyl semimetal WTe2, manifested as a perfect compensation of opposite carriers. We report linear MR （LMR） in WTe2 crystals, the onset of which was identified by constructing the MR mobility spectra for weak fields. The LMR further increased and became dominant for fields stronger than 20 T, while the parabolic MR gradually decayed. The LMR was also observed in high-pressure conditions.

An 18-year-old Chinese woman presented with chief complaints of crowded teeth and mild mandibular prognathism. Clinical and imaging examinations revealed a concave profile, a protruded chin, increased lower anterior facial height mild, skeletal Class III and Angle’s Class III malocclusion, with anterior crossbites, and crowded teeth. Extraction camouflaged therapy combined with miniscrews skeletal anchorage was employed to relieve crowding and retract the mandibular anterior teeth. The total active treatment time was 31 months. After treatment, functional occlusion and smile esthetics were significantly improved.

Cleft lip and palate is a congenital craniofacial anomaly that affects the lip and oral cavity. The management and orthodontic treatment of this anomaly is important but challenging. This article reports the successful treatment of a patient with bilateral cleft lip and palate, Class III malocclusion, bilateral crossbite, crowding and microdontic maxillary lateral incisors. One mandible incisor was extracted, and three miniscrew anchorages were utilized to distalize the maxillary left dental arch and retract the mandibular arch. After treatment, ideal occlusion and a better profile were established, and long-term stability was confirmed by a 4-year follow-up. This article represents a successful attempt of orthodontic camouflage treatment of severe dentofacial discrepancy, as an important part of the series treatment of cleft lip and palate, to provide some insight into the clinical field.

Bone diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and bone tumor present a severe public health problem. Osteogenic differentiation is a complex process associated with the differentiation of different cells, which could regulate transcription factors, cytokines, many signaling pathways, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), and epigenetic modulation. DNA methylation is a kind of stable epigenetic alterations in CpG islands without DNA sequence changes and is involved in cancer and other diseases, including bone development and homeostasis. ncRNAs can perform their crucial biological functions at the RNA level, and many findings have demonstrated essential functions of ncRNAs in osteogenic differentiation. In this review, we highlight current researches in DNA methylation of two relevant ncRNAs, including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, in the initiation and progression of osteogenesis and bone diseases.

Giant pandas ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) were historically hunted using dogs and are currently threatened by free-roaming dogs and their associated diseases. To better understand the spatial magnitude of this threat, we used a GIS approach to investigate edge effects of dogs on giant panda habitat. We first examined two nature reserves with contrasting free-roaming dog populations: Liziping, with many dogs (~0.44/km 2 ), and Daxiangling, with few dogs (~0.14/km 2 ). Spatial analysis indicated that giant pandas at Liziping (but not Daxiangling) showed a shift in habitat use away from populated areas consistent with a risk response to the foray distance of free-roaming dogs (10.9 km path-distance). Most giant panda locations (86%) from the 2014 census in Liziping were clustered around remote “dog-free zones.” Expanding this analysis across the entire giant panda range revealed that 40% of panda habitat is within the foray distance of dogs. Our assessment will inform dog control programs including monitoring, education, veterinary care, and other measures. We recommend that reserves designated for the release of translocated pandas receive priority consideration for dog control efforts. Only by understanding and managing complex interactions between humans, domestic animals, and wild animals can we sustain natural systems in a world increasingly dominated by humans.

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) across animal and human studies. Materials and methods An electronic search in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Database up to May 2024 identified 931 records screened using predefined PICOS criteria. 18 animal and 8 human studies met the inclusion criteria, with 12 suitable for meta-analysis. Methodological qualities for animal studies were assessed using the SYRCLE tool and ARRIVE guidelines. For clinical trials, the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool and ROBINS-I were applied to evaluate the risk of bias in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs), respectively. Evidence quality was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, and quantitative analysis employed RevMan software with an inverse variance method and random effects models for all included studies. Results Most animal and human studies had a high or unclear risk of bias. LIPUS significantly accelerated OTM in rats, showing increases of 0.08 mm (95% CI, 0.02 to 0.13; P  = 0.006), 0.11 mm (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.17; P  = 0.001), and 0.11 mm (95% CI, 0.06 to 0.16; P  < 0.0001) on days 5, 7, and 14. In clinical trials, LIPUS reduced treatment duration with clear aligners by 352.07 days (95% CI, -524.81 to -179.34; P  < 0.0001), but had no significant effect on OIRR ( P  > 0.05). GRADE analysis indicated very low evidence quality for both outcomes. Conclusions LIPUS may accelerate OTM but shows weak evidence for alleviating OIRR. More well-designed studies with standardized methodology are needed. Clinical relevance LIPUS could benefit OTM acceleration, but its effect on OIRR remains inconclusive.

Background The oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is affected by dentofacial deformity. Patients with dentofacial deformity are normally treated with orthognathic surgery, including conventional three-stage method (CTM) and surgery first approach (SFA). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the impact of SFA with CTM on the OHRQoL of patients with severe dentofacial deformity. Methods Five English databases, three Chinese databases, and six grey literature databases were searched (January 2000 to July 2018). Randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, and cohort studies assessing the OHRQoL of patients who underwent SFA or CTM were included. After selecting studies, extracting data, and assessing risk-of-bias according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, meta-analysis was performed to elucidate the effects of SFA on the changes of OHRQoL of patients with dentofacial deformity at each stage and made a comparison with CTM. Results There were 4 studies with 122 participants were selected for the final analysis. Three among these studies were included in meta-analysis, 2 of which were included in each forest plot. All the included studies were graded as moderate value of evidence according to GRADE quality analysis. Over the period of 2-year follow-up after bonding, the OHRQoL of the patients in SFA group showed an improving trend and was better than those in CTM group generally. After debonding, the summary scores of the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) (− 2.92, P  = 0.12) and Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) (− 5.59, P  = 0.01) were smaller in SFA group than CTM group. Conclusions Clinical evidence indicates that SFA can contribute to the better OHRQoL in patients with dentofacial deformity immediately and persistently.