Explore the vast range of titles available.

目的 通过Meta分析系统评价微波消融 (MWA) 和手术切除 (HR) 在肝细胞癌 (HCC) 合并肝硬化中的有效性及安全性。 方法 本研究根据PRISMA指南完成，PROSPERO注册号：CRD42024509185。检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMBASE、Web of Science、中国知网、维普、万方数据库，时间均为从建库至2023年11月，搜索MWA对比HR治疗HCC合并肝硬化的随机对照试验 (RCT) 和队列研究，采用Stata 12.0软件进行Meta分析。 结果 共纳入3项RCT和5项回顾性队列研究，共953例患者。Meta分析显示：MWA的1/2/3/5年总生存率 (OS) 与HR相比无统计学差异 (P值均>0.05) 。MWA的1/2/5年复发率与HR相比无统计学差异 (P值均>0.05) 。MWA的3年复发率高于HR (RR=1.59，95%CI：1.08～2.33，P=0.017) 。MWA的1/3/5年无复发生存率 (DFS) 低于HR (RR=0.94，95%CI：0.89～0.99，P=0.018，I2=0.0%；RR=0.84，95%CI：0.72～0.98，P=0.023，I2=25.4%；RR=0.75，95%CI：0.58～0.98，P=0.032，I2=34.6%) 。但亚组分析表明，在RCT组，MWA的1/2/3年OS和1/3年DFS与HR相比无统计学差异 (P值均>0.05) 。MWA的术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、不良反应及肝功能均优于HR (SMD=-2.31，95%CI：-2.64～-1.97，P<0.001，I2=3.1%；SMD=-3.38，95%CI：-4.05～-2.71，P<0.001，I2=73.8%；SMD=-2.54，95%CI：-3.27～-1.80，P<0.001，I2=92.8%；RR=0.42，95%CI：0.30～0.59，P<0.001，I2=0.0%；SMD=-1.43，95%CI：-1.89～-0.97，P<0.001) 。 结论 MWA与HR在局部复发、DFS及OS方面无明显差异。MWA术中出血量更少，手术时间更短，不良反应更少，对肝功能影响更小，住院时间更短。

Background and aim A novel study found interferon enhanced antitumor activity of anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy and played a crucial role in improving efficacy on HCC, but the opposite results about the efficacy of interferon on HBV-related HCC were obtained from previous clinical studies and meta-analyses. Thus, this meta-analysis aimed to re-evaluate whether interferon could improve survival and reduce recurrence of patients with HBV-related HCC after curative surgery. Methods MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science and CNKI were searched for eligible studies from inception to November 2022 and a meta-analysis was done. Results 10 trials with a total of 2062 subjects were screened. Interferon significantly improved 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year OS and 1-, 2- and 3-year DFS, and reduced 2-, 3- and 5-year recurrence rates of patients with HBV-related HCC after curative surgery. However, interferon did not improve 8-year OS and 5-year DFS, did not reduce 1-year recurrence rate. Conclusions Interferon may significantly reduce recurrence and improve DFS of patients with HBV-related HCC after curative surgery, and finally improve the OS. However, the efficacy advantage may gradually weaken as time goes on. The clinical application of interferon combined with NAs recommended in this meta-analysis is needed to be further studied.

In this paper, we investigated the vertical distribution characteristics of surface soil moisture based on ISMN (International Soil Moisture Network) multilayer in situ data (5, 10, and 20 cm; 2, 4, and 8 in) and performed comparisons between the in situ data and four microwave satellite remote sensing products (SMOS L2, SMOS-IC, SMAP L2, and SMAP L4). The results showed that the mean soil moisture difference between layers can be −0.042~−0.024 (for the centimeter group)/−0.067~−0.044 (for the inch group) m3/m3 in negative terms and 0.020~0.028 (for the centimeter group)/0.036~0.040 (for the inch group) m3/m3 in positive terms. The surface soil moisture was found to have very significant stratification characteristics, and the interlayer difference was close to or beyond the SMOS and SMAP 0.04 m3/m3 nominal retrieval accuracy. Comparisons revealed that the satellite retrievals had a higher correlation with the field measurements of 5 cm/2 in, and SMAP L4 had the smallest difference with the in situ data. The mean difference caused by using 10 cm/4 in and 20 cm/8 in in situ data instead of the 5 cm/2 in data could be about −0.019~−0.018/−0.18~−0.015 m3/m3 and −0.026~−0.023/−0.043~−0.039 m3/m3, respectively, meaning that there would be a potential depth mismatch in the data validation.

High-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene has been successfully applied to explore the microbial structure and dynamics in various environments. The distinctive microbial communities in oceanic trench sediments are expected because of the extremely high pressure and V-shape topology that caused the isolation from the other marine sediments. However, they have only been primarily targeted using ‘universal’ primers that provide variable performances for different environments. It is necessary to design specific primers to improve the detection resolution of unique microbial groups in oceanic trenches. Here, we designed one pair of bacterial and two pairs of archaeal specific primers based on 16S rRNA gene full-length sequences that truly come from trench sediment and tested their performances in 30 oceanic trench sediment samples. An in silico analysis showed that the V3–V4 hypervariable region was the most informative and representative for oceanic trench microbial groups. Compared with the ‘universal’ primers, 46 bacterial families were only detected by newly designed primer B344F/B749R, and eight archaeal families were only detected by the newly designed primer A306F/A713R which covered the one or two orders of magnitude more ASVs (amplicon sequence variants) (1,470,216) in the tested total 30 samples. Moreover, A306F/A713R had the largest number of observed ASVs suggesting its better performance in discovering more archaeal species which were easily ignored in universal primer-based experiments for oceanic trench sediments. The novel primers designed in this research could be a better option to access the unique microbial communities in extreme oceanic trench sediments. Key points • Defining V3–V4 as the most adequate hypervariable region for archaea and bacteria from oceanic trench sediments. • Three sets of bacterial and archaeal primers appear validity and advantage in revealing the real trench microbial communities. • The novel primers provide a better option to specifically detect the unique microbial communities in extreme oceanic trench sediments.

Patients with atrophic gastritis (AG) or gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) have elevated risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic screening and surveillance have been implemented in high incidence countries. The study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for simultaneous recognition of AG and GIM. Archived endoscopic white light images with corresponding gastric biopsies were collected from 14 hospitals located in different regions of China. Corresponding images by anatomic sites containing AG, GIM, and chronic non-AG were categorized using pathology reports. The participants were randomly assigned (8:1:1) to the training cohort for developing the CNN model (TResNet), the validation cohort for fine-tuning, and the test cohort for evaluating the diagnostic accuracy. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. A total of 7,037 endoscopic images from 2,741 participants were used to develop the CNN for recognition of AG and/or GIM. The AUC for recognizing AG was 0.98 (95% CI 0.97-0.99) with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 96.2% (95% CI 94.2%-97.6%), 96.4% (95% CI 94.8%-97.9%), and 96.4% (95% CI 94.4%-97.8%), respectively. The AUC for recognizing GIM was 0.99 (95% CI 0.98-1.00) with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 97.9% (95% CI 96.2%-98.9%), 97.5% (95% CI 95.8%-98.6%), and 97.6% (95% CI 95.8%-98.6%), respectively. CNN using endoscopic white light images achieved high diagnostic accuracy in recognizing AG and GIM.

Many host factors have been identified to be involved in viral infection. However, although furoviruses cause important diseases of cereals worldwide, no host factors have yet been identified that interact with furoviral genes or participate in the viral infection cycle. In this study, both TaHSP70 and NbHSP70 were up-regulated in Chinese wheat mosaic furovirus (CWMV)-infected plants. Their overexpression and inhibition were correlated with the accumulation of viral genomic RNAs, suggesting that the HSP70 genes could be necessary for CWMV infection. The subcellular distributions of TaHSP70 and NbHSP70 were significantly affected by CWMV infection or by infiltration of RNA1 alone. Further assays showed that the viral replicase encoded by CWMV RNA1 interacts with both TaHSP70 and NbHSP70 in vivo and vitro and that its region aa167–333 was responsible for the interaction. Subcellular assays showed that the viral replicase could recruit both TaHSP70 and NbHSP70 from the cytoplasm or nucleus to the granular aggregations or inclusion-like structures on the intracellular membrane system, suggesting that both HSP70s may be recruited into the viral replication complex (VRC) to promote furoviral replication. This is the first host factor identified to be involved in furoviral infection, which extends the list and functional scope of HSP70 chaperones.

Color stripping is one of the most convenient approaches for amending various shade faults during dyeing and printing processes. However, conventional stripping processes usually bring a serious risk of environment pollution. The purpose of this work is to develop a novel, sustainable and energy-conserving method for stripping of reactive-dyed cotton substrate by employing a UV/Na 2 S 2 O 4 system, in which low dosage of sodium hydrosulfite (Na 2 S 2 O 4 ) was involved and induced by UV photocatalysis at atmospheric temperature. The effects of stripping parameters such as initial pH value of working solution, temperature and stripping duration on color stripping efficiency and fabric tensile strength were investigated. The results show that the fixed reactive dyes on cotton could be efficiently stripped in the UV/Na 2 S 2 O 4 system with a photocatalytic initiation and a dipped stripping manner, along with relatively high tensile strength retention by the substrate. Moreover, an optimized photocatalytic color stripping process was recommended for degradation or stripping of the fixed reactive dye molecules in cotton fibers. Furthermore, a successful application of the proposed system was also achieved for stripping a series of the Evercion/Everlight and Megafix reactive dyes fixed on cotton. In addition, the color stripping was further successfully investigated and validated via the variations in structures and surface morphologies of the cotton fibers by utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, wide-angle X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Graphical abstract

Sarcocystosis is an intracellular parasitic disease caused by Sarcocystis spp. that has a worldwide prevalence. Symptoms of the disease include diarrhea and muscle pain. The disease poses a threat to the health of animals. The aim of this review is to investigate the global prevalence of Sarcocystis infection in sheep and goats during 2013–2022. We searched five databases: Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A total of 36 articles containing 44 datasets met the criteria and were included in the study. The total infection rates of Sarcocystis in sheep and goats were 66.3% (95% CI, 51.79–79.38%) and 52.1% (95% CI, 29.45–74.23%), respectively. It was found that Sarcocystis species tend to have a host species preference. Coinfection of S. tenella and S. arieticanis often occurred in sheep, and goats were frequently infected with S. capracanis. Age and sex were identified as risk factors for Sarcocystis infection in sheep and goats. The infection rates of female and male animals were significantly different, with females having a higher infection rate. Age-adjusted analysis showed that infection rates in animals older than one year were higher than in animals younger than one year. This study unveiled the global distribution of Sarcocystis and sheds light on its transmission in sheep and goats.

INTRODUCTION:Patients with atrophic gastritis (AG) or gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) have elevated risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic screening and surveillance have been implemented in high incidence countries. The study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for simultaneous recognition of AG and GIM.METHODS:Archived endoscopic white light images with corresponding gastric biopsies were collected from 14 hospitals located in different regions of China. Corresponding images by anatomic sites containing AG, GIM, and chronic non-AG were categorized using pathology reports. The participants were randomly assigned (8:1:1) to the training cohort for developing the CNN model (TResNet), the validation cohort for fine-tuning, and the test cohort for evaluating the diagnostic accuracy. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.RESULTS:A total of 7,037 endoscopic images from 2,741 participants were used to develop the CNN for recognition of AG and/or GIM. The AUC for recognizing AG was 0.98 (95% CI 0.97-0.99) with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 96.2% (95% CI 94.2%-97.6%), 96.4% (95% CI 94.8%-97.9%), and 96.4% (95% CI 94.4%-97.8%), respectively. The AUC for recognizing GIM was 0.99 (95% CI 0.98-1.00) with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 97.9% (95% CI 96.2%-98.9%), 97.5% (95% CI 95.8%-98.6%), and 97.6% (95% CI 95.8%-98.6%), respectively.DISCUSSION:CNN using endoscopic white light images achieved high diagnostic accuracy in recognizing AG and GIM.

Examination of the structural basis for antiviral activity, oral pharmacokinetics, and hepatic metabolism among a series of symmetry-based inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease led to the discovery of ABT-538, a promising experimental drug for the therapeutic intervention in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). ABT-538 exhibited potent in vitro activity against laboratory and clinical strains of HIV-1 [50% effective concentration (EC50) = 0.022-0.13 μM] and HIV-2 (EC50= 0.16 μM). Following a single 10-mg/kg oral dose, plasma concentrations in rat, dog, and monkey exceeded the in vitro antiviral EC50for > 12 h. In human trials, a single 400-mg dose of ABT-538 displayed a prolonged absorption profile and achieved a peak plasma concentration in excess of 5 μg/ml. These findings demonstrate that high oral bioavailability can be achieved in humans with peptidomimetic inhibitors of HIV protease.