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In this study, we aimed to analyze the blood screening detection strategies employed for voluntary blood donation in a specific region of East China and evaluate the efficacy of the blood safety detection system. A total of 539,117 whole blood samples were collected from voluntary blood donors between January 2018 and July 2021, as well as in 2023 and 2024. The samples were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies, human immunodeficiency virus antibodies/antigen (HIV Ab/Ag), and Treponema pallidum (TP) antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were measured using a rapid method. Chemiluminescence immunoassay technology was used to detect five hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers. Polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect HBV DNA, HCV RNA, and HIV RNA. The reactivity rates of each marker were analyzed. The overall positivity rate for blood testing among donors in this region was 0.76% (4,078/539,117). The positivity rates for the individual markers were as follows: anti-TP (0.20%)> HBsAg (0.18%)> ALT (0.13%)> anti-HCV (0.085%)> nucleic acid testing (0.080%)> HIV antigen/anti-HIV (0.079%). No significant differences were observed (P > 0.05). Before 2023, the positivity rates for ALT and HBsAg exhibited occasional fluctuations, followed by a significant decline. Conversely, in 2024, a slight upward trend in the HIV positivity rate was noted. The current multitiered blood screening and detection strategy in this region exhibits complementary advantages, ensuring effective blood safety. However, the observed slight upward trend in the HIV positivity rate among voluntary blood donors highlights the necessity for enhanced pre-donation counseling and risk assessment for key populations.

Maintaining an adequate blood supply is critical for health care systems, but clinical blood demand is influenced by dynamic, multilevel factors. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the relationships among the factors that affect clinical blood demand in Suzhou, China, to increase predictive accuracy and supply chain resilience. From March to April 2023, 422 experts in transfusion medicine were surveyed using the Delphi method, and the data were analyzed via exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA/CFA) to construct a hierarchical structural model. The results revealed a three-layer model in which factors were categorized by temporal impact. Short-term factors (blood transfusions, sudden disasters) exhibited the greatest direct influence (path coefficients of 0.682–0.899) driven by surgical volumes and acute disaster responses. Medium-term factors (medical resources, beds, population) had significant impacts (path coefficients of 0.780–0.834) and linked demographic shifts and health care capacity to blood utilization. Long-term factors (environmental) had indirect effects (path coefficient of 0.623) and shaped demand via societal and infrastructural changes. The two-factor analysis model demonstrated nonlinear interactions and hierarchical transmission mechanisms and emphasized the synergistic increase in medical resource allocation and surgical complexity on demand. These findings highlight the need for differentiated monitoring strategies, including real-time tracking of short-term fluctuations, periodic assessment of medium-term drivers, and policy adjustments for long-term trends. While the model offers a robust framework for adaptive blood management in Suzhou, generalization to smaller cities or regions with different health care infrastructures requires further validation. This study advances precision forecasting and collaborative resource allocation and supports resilient blood supply chains in the context of megacities.

Nd/Nb-co-substituted Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3−xNbxO12 (BNTNx, x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07) thin films were grown on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si (100) substrates by chemical solution deposition. The effects of Nb content on the micro-structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, leakage current and capacitive properties of the BNTNx thin films were investigated. A low-concentration substitution with Nb ions in BNTNx can greatly enhance its remanent polarization (2Pr) and reduce the coercive field (2Ec) compared with those of Bi4Ti3O12 (BIT) thin film. The highest 2Pr (71.4 μC/cm2) was observed in the BNTN0.03 thin film when the 2Ec was 202 kV/cm. Leakage currents of all the films were on the order of 10−6 to 10−5 A/cm2, and the BNTN0.03 thin film has a minimum leakage current (2.1 × 10−6 A/cm2) under the high electric field (267 kV/cm). Besides, the C–V curve of the BNTN0.03 thin film is the most symmetrical, and the maximum tunability (21.0%) was also observed in this film. The BNTN0.03 thin film shows the largest dielectric constant and the lowest dielectric loss and its maximum Curie temperature is 410 ± 5°C.

Photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of halide perovskite solar cells has risen spectacularly, yet the very crystalline structure of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 remains ambiguous after extensive researches, and its polar nature remains hotly debated. Here we present compelling evidences that CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 crystals self-grown on FTO/TiO 2 substrate consist of ferroic domains with alternating polar and nonpolar orders, in contrast to previous experimental and theoretical expectations, and polar domains possess reduced photocurrent. It is found that polar and nonpolar orders of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 can be distinguished from their distinct lateral piezoresponse, energy dissipation, first and second harmonic electromechanical couplings, and temperature variation, even though their difference in crystalline lattice is very subtle, and they possess two-way memory effect through cubic-tetragonal phase transition. We hope these findings resolve key questions regarding polar nature of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 and its implication on photovoltaics, reconcile contradictory data widely reported, and point a direction toward engineering ferroic domains for enhanced PCE. Perovskite solar cells: Polar ordering The crystalline structure and polar nature of a hybrid organic−inorganic perovskite widely used in solar cells — CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 — is still a matter of debate. Now, an international team of researchers led by Jiangyu Li and Jinjin Zhao used a combination of experimental methods, including scanning probe and transmission electron microscopy, to show that CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 crystals grown on a FTO/TiO 2 substrate exhibit ferroic domains with alternating polar and nonpolar order. The structural differences between the polar and nonpolar phase are very subtle, and scanning probe techniques are well suited to resolve their functional responses with high resolution. The polar domains were observed to have a lower photocurrent than that expected from theoretical predictions. Building on these results, it should be possible to engineer ferroic domains to enhance the efficiency of halide perovskite solar cells.

Hierarchical PbS powders doped with different contents of Bi2S3 and Cu2S were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. Subsequently, the powders were subjected to spark plasma sintering (SPS) for consolidation into bulk ceramics. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that Bi2S3 and Cu2S were doped into PbS successfully. The effect of doping with different Bi2S3 and Cu2S contents on thermoelectric performance was investigated systematically. The results showed that pure PbS was an n-type semiconductor, and Bi2S3 doping or Bi2S3-Cu2S co-doping could decrease the thermal conductivity of PbS effectively. PbS doped with 1% Bi2S3 exhibited a moderate Seebeck coefficient, high electric conductivity, and low thermal conductivity simultaneously, thus attaining a maximum figure of merit ZT of 0.55 at 773 K. PbS doped with 1% Bi2S3-1% Cu2S exhibited an enhanced power factor and reduced thermal conductivity at an elevated temperature; the maximum ZT value obtained at 773 K was 0.83, which is more than twice that of pure PbS at 758 K (0.29), as a result.

The insulation layer of deep-sea optoelectronic composite cables in direct contact with high-pressure and highly corrosive seawater is required for excellent water resistance, environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR), and the ability to withstand high DC voltage. Although high-density polyethylene (HDPE) displays remarkable water resistance, it lacks sufficient resistance to environmental stress cracking (ESCR). This article is based on a blend modification approach to mixing HDPE with different vinyl copolymer materials (cPE-A and cPE-B). The processing performance and mechanical properties of the materials are evaluated through rheological and mechanical testing. The materials’ durability in working environments is assessed through ESCR tests and water resistance experiments. Ultimately, the direct current electrical performance of the materials is evaluated through tests measuring space charge distribution, direct current resistivity, and direct current breakdown strength. The results indicate that, in the polyethylene blend system, the rheological properties and ESCR characteristics of HDPE/cPE-A composite materials did not show significant improvement. Further incorporation of high melt index linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) material not only meets the requirements of extrusion processing but also exhibits a notable enhancement in ESCR performance. Meanwhile, copolymerized polyethylene cPE-B, with a more complex structure, proves effective in toughening HDPE materials. The material’s hardness significantly decreases, and when incorporating cPE-B at a level exceeding 20 phr, the composite materials achieve excellent ESCR performance. In a simulated seawater environment at 50 MPa, the water permeability of all co-modified composite materials remained below 0.16% after 120 h. The spatial charge distribution and direct current resistivity characteristics of the HDPE, cPE-A, and LLDPE composite systems surpassed those of the HDPE/cPE-B materials. However, the HDPE/cPE-B composite system exhibited superior dielectric strength. The application of composite materials in deep-sea electro–optical composite cables is highly promising.

We investigated the magnetic anisotropy and the high-frequency property of flexible Fe 60 Co 26 Ta 14 (FeCoTa) thin films obtained by oblique sputtering onto a wrinkled surface. The sinuously wrinkled topography is produced by growing Ta layer on a pre-strained polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane. Due to the enhanced effect of shadowing, the oblique deposition of FeCoTa layer gives rise to a shift of wrinkle peak towards the incident atomic flux. With increasing the PDMS pre-strain or increasing the oblique sputtering angle, both the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of FeCoTa films are enhanced, but the initial permeability decreases. The magnetization reversal mechanism of wrinkled FeCoTa films can be interpreted by a two-phase model composed of both coherent rotation and domain wall nucleation. With the enhancement of uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, the domain wall nucleation becomes pronounced in FeCoTa films.

Lithium-sulfur (Li–S) battery has now gradually emerged as the representative secondary energy storage battery of low cost, high security, and high theoretical specific capacity (1675 mAh g−1). However, the insulation properties of sulfur and shuttle issue of polysulfides between electrolytes lead to poor coulombic efficiency and performance of sulfur cathode. Therefore, we use metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as pore-forming agent and glucose as primary carbon source to synthesize a honeycomb structured porous carbon (PC) material with high specific surface area (2151.9 m2 g−1) and large mesopore volume (2.16 cm3 g−1), which acts as the conductive skeleton for sulfur cathode. Furthermore, after mixing a trace of aluminum fluoride (AlF3) into sulfur electrode, the corresponding cycle performance and electrochemical stability have been further improved. The AlF3·3H2O/PC/S composition with 80 wt% sulfur loading exhibits the highest discharge capacity of 1298.1 mAh g−1 at the current density of 1 C and maintains at 455.6 mAh g−1 with ~ 99% coulombic efficiency after 500 cycles. This work supplies a facile and effective strategy for manufacture of more progressive porous carbonaceous sulfur host material and improving practical performance of Li–S batteries.

To investigate the expression and distribution of Rh phenotypes (C, c, D, E, e) among voluntary blood donors in a specific region of East China, to establish a regional Rh phenotype database, and to enhance the precision and efficacy of clinical blood transfusions. A total of 28979 blood samples were collected from voluntary donors at a central blood station in East China between May 2023 and December 2023. An automated blood type analyzer was used to determine Rh phenotypes, which were then applied clinically for ABO and Rh blood type-matching in transfusions. Analysis of 28672 RhD-positive donors identified 13 RhD variants and eight Rh phenotypes, with the most common being CCee (42.69%) and CcEe (35.27%). Antigen frequencies were e (92.07%), C (87.85%), c (56.75%), and E (47.65%). Among 307 RhD-negative donors, seven Rh phenotypes were identified, with ccee (60.26%) and Ccee (29.32%) being the predominant ones. Antigen frequencies were e (99.67%), c (96.09%), C (34.53%), and E (6.84%). These findings supported 1834 ABO- and Rh- blood type-matching transfusions, but no significant difference was observed between ABO-compatible and dual-system compatible transfusions ( > 0.05). Additionally, it was found that there are significant differences compared to populations from India and other regions ( > 0.05). In this region of East China, the prevalence of RhD variants among voluntary blood donors was 0.045%. The predominant Rh phenotypes were CCDee and CcDEe, with the highest frequencies observed for the e and C antigens. And the frequency of Rh phenotypes in this region differs from related studies in other areas. It is essential to strengthen the establishment of a rare blood type database in East China to provide data support for clinical compatible blood transfusion.

To investigate the distribution of antigen and allele frequencies of the MNS blood group system among multi-ethnic populations in East China, and to analyze the genetic polymorphism of uncommon phenotypes, thereby contributing to the enhancement of the regional blood type database. A total of 8606 whole blood samples were randomly collected from voluntary blood donors in East China between October 2023 and June 2024. MNS blood group phenotypes were identified using serological methods, and allele frequencies were analyzed and compared across populations. Genetic sequencing was performed on samples with uncommon MNS phenotypes. The study primarily included the Han, Hui, and Manchu populations. Among the Han population, the most prevalent phenotypes were M+N+S-s+ (45.21%), M-N+S-s+ (25.94%), and M+N-S-s+ (19.84%), respectively. Phenotypic distributions in most other ethnic groups were comparable to that of the Han population, except for the Yi population, which showed a significantly different distribution ( < 0.05). Furthermore, a rare serological phenotype, S-s-, was identified with a frequency of 0.01%. The allele frequencies of the MNS blood group system among different population in East China were consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ( > 0.05). The MNS blood group system in East China's multi-ethnic populations exhibits polymorphism and regional specificity. Notable allele frequency differences exist between certain minority populations and the Han population. Therefore, it is essential to enhance the development of a regional blood type database tailored to East China in order to support precise clinical transfusion with robust data, including informed pre-transfusion antibody screening for high-risk groups.