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HighlightsThe Zn/MnO2 cell with inorganic colloidal electrolyte demonstrates unprecedented durability over 1000 cycles.For the cathode, the presence of the protective film can inhibit the dissolution of manganese element and the formation of irreversible by-products.For the anode, it can reduce the corrosion and de-solvation energy, inhibit the growth of dendrite and irreversible by-products.Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) is a promising electrical energy storage candidate due to its eco-friendliness, low cost, and intrinsic safety, but on the cathode the element dissolution and the formation of irreversible products, and on the anode the growth of dendrite as well as irreversible products hinder its practical application. Herein, we propose a new type of the inorganic highly concentrated colloidal electrolytes (HCCE) for ZIBs promoting simultaneous robust protection of both cathode/anode leading to an effective suppression of element dissolution, dendrite, and irreversible products growth. The new HCCE has high Zn2+ ion transference number (0.64) endowed by the limitation of SO42−, the competitive ion conductivity (1.1 × 10–2 S cm−1) and Zn2+ ion diffusion enabled by the uniform pore distribution (3.6 nm) and the limited free water. The Zn/HCCE/α-MnO2 cells exhibit high durability under both high and low current densities, which is almost 100% capacity retention at 200 mA g−1 after 400 cycles (290 mAh g−1) and 89% capacity retention under 500 mA g−1 after 1000 cycles (212 mAh g−1). Considering material sustainability and batteries’ high performances, the colloidal electrolyte may provide a feasible substitute beyond the liquid and all-solid-state electrolyte of ZIBs.

Designing a multifunctional separator with abundant ion migration paths is crucial for tuning the ion transport in rocking‐chair‐type batteries. Herein, a polydopamine‐functionalized PVDF (PVDF@PDA) nanofibrous membrane is designed to serve as a separator for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). The functional groups (OH and NH) in PDA facilitate the formation of ZnO and ZnN coordination bonds with Zn ions, homogenizing the Zn‐ion flux and thus enabling dendrite‐free Zn deposition. Moreover, the PVDF@PDA separator effectively inhibits the shuttling of V‐species through the formation of VO coordination bonds. As a result, the Zn/NH4V4O10 battery with the PVDF@PDA separator exhibits enhanced cycling stability (92.3% after 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1) and rate capability compared to that using a glass fiber separator. This work provides a new avenue to design functionalized separators for high‐performance AZIBs. A polydopamine‐functionalized PVDF (PVDF@PDA) nanofibrous membrane is designed as a separator for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. The PVDF@PDA separator homogenizes the Zn‐ion flux distribution to achieve the dendrite‐free Zn deposition via the metal‐PDA coordination chemistry. Moreover, the PVDF@PDA separator inhibits the shuttle of V‐species. Benefiting from the separator, the Zn/NH4V4O10 full cell retains 92.3% capacity after 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1.

Durable and highly active oxygen electrocatalysts are crucial to the large-scale application of rechargeable zinc-air batteries. Here we utilize the N 4 unit in phthalocyanine molecule to trap the tungsten atoms scratched off from the tungsten carbide milling balls and place the obtained W-N 4 unit adjacent to the Fe-N 4 units from iron (Ⅱ) phthalocyanine, resulting in highly active Fe-N 4 /W-N 4 diatomic sites with well-pronounced 3 d −5 d hybrid for efficient and durable oxygen electrocatalysis. The electron distribution of the Fe-N 4 site is optimized by the neighboring W-N 4 site, which facilitates the O 2 activation and the desorption of *OH and enhances the catalytic activity of the Fe-N 4 site. Meanwhile, the unsaturated 5  d orbitals and tunable valence of the W atoms could modulate the electronic state of the Fe species, prevent leaching, and further enhance the catalytic stability. The resulting zinc-air battery with Fe,W-N-C air cathode exhibits notable cycling stability and repeatability for over 10,000 h. This enhanced stability highlights the possibility of developing 5  d metal-boosted 3  d metal active sites for the fabrication of efficient oxygen electrocatalysts and stable zinc-air batteries. Long-lasting oxygen catalysts are crucial for rechargeable zinc-air batteries. Here, the authors report that placing tungsten atoms next to iron atoms within N 4 units creates durable Fe-N 4 /W-N 4 diatomic sites, enabling a zinc-air battery to cycle reliably for more than 10,000 h.

Pyroptosis is inflammation-associated programmed cell death triggered by activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which plays a crucial role in acute soft tissue injury (ASTI). This study aimed to explore whether methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) can regulate NLRP3 expression through N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification to mediate endothelial cell pyroptosis and thus affect soft tissue injury. An experimental ASTI rat model was created by inducing muscle injury through striking the rat muscle. In vitro, an ASTI cell model was established using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ATP. The severity of ASTI in rats was evaluated using H&E staining. To assess protein levels, Western blot and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses were performed, focusing on METTL3, pyroptosis-associated proteins, and m6A reader proteins. Immunofluorescence (IF) assay was conducted to examine the expression of NLRP3 and CD31. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured using an ELISA assay, while flow cytometry was used to detect levels of ROS and cellular pyroptosis. The m6A levels in cells were analyzed by RNA m6A colorimetry. The interactions between METTL3 and NLRP3, and YTHDF1 and NLRP3 were analyzed using RIP and RNA pull-down assays, respectively. METTL3 and YTHDF1 were significantly upregulated in ASTI rats and LPS-ATP-induced HUVECs. Knockdown of METTL3 ameliorated ASTI and inhibited cellular pyroptosis. Knockdown of METTL3 reduced the levels of total m6A and NLRP3 m6A in HUVECs and suppressed NLRP3 expression. Meanwhile, knockdown of YTHDF1 decreased NLRP3 protein expression without affecting NLRP3 mRNA levels. In addition, overexpression of NLRP3 was able to reverse the effect of METTL3 on LPS-ATP-induced endothelial cell pyroptosis. The METTL3/m6A reader protein YTHDF1 regulates endothelial cell pyroptosis by enhancing NLRP3 expression to affect soft tissue injury.

The interplay of multi-reservoirs is critical in reservoir joint disposal and water conservancy projects. As the flood risk of upstream hydrological stations could be transferred and unevenly distributed to downstream tributary stations, flood risk transfer through multi-reservoirs warrants further investigation. This study proposed a copula simulation approach to develop a joint flood risk distribution of multi-reservoirs (spanning Xianyang, Huaxian County, and Zhangjiashan) in a drainage tributary of the Weihe River. Pair-copulas of each reservoir pair were constructed to analyse the correlations between the reservoir sites. The approach was then used to create a joint flood risk distribution for the reservoirs. The flood risk and corresponding flood volume of Zhangjiashan were calculated based on the flood risk levels of Xianyang and Huaxian County. The results indicate that the flood risks of Huaxian County would be transferred to Xianyang and Zhangjiashan to some extent, and Xianyang could mitigate more flood risks from Huaxian County than from Zhangjiashan. The findings have significance for informed decision-making regarding the Zhangjiashan reservoir construction project.

In the fight against climate change, future policy directions in the transition toward a green travel- and tourism-based economy include improving tourism-derived CO2 emission levels and guiding individual low-carbon behavior. In China, people tend to engage in outdoor adventure travel and cultural tourism in natural areas. However, limited information is available on the empirical evaluation of energy use and the CO2 emissions associated with tourism in protected areas. The present study used a life cycle assessment to explore energy use and CO2 emissions due to tourism and identify the factors driving low-carbon behavior. To these ends, survey data for the protected areas of the Qinling Mountains from 2014 to 2019 were used. The results showed that energy use and CO2 emissions in various tourism sectors steadily increased from 2014 to 2019, primarily because of an increase in transportation activity. This study used data derived from the calculation of CO2 emissions per tourist per trip to identify the various factors jointly contributing to the low-carbon behavior of tourists. These included a low-carbon attitude, low-carbon knowledge, environmental education, and policy reward. The broader implications of this study are that several emission reduction policy options are available to address the challenges inherent in sustainable tourism development and that these policies may be selected according to specific conditions. The low-carbon transformation of recreational facilities at travel destinations, policy rewards, and environmental education can regulate tourist behavior, holding the key to sustainable tourism development in protected areas.

In this paper, we presents a correcting method based on an error table and fractional delay filter for correcting timing mismatch in a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC). This method uses the ramp signal to estimate timing mismatch and the error table storage error value. A Farrow structure fractional delay filter is utilized to implement the calibration of mismatch. Simulation results show that this method can realize the correction of timing mismatch and suppress the spurious component effectively with a good correction effect.

This paper designs a wireless data transmission system based on LoRa technology in view of the safety requirements of the upgrade of the oil refinery sewage treatment system. On the basis of protecting the data flow of the previous system, the measurement data of each sensor is collected and sent to the PLC in a wireless manner. By the reasonable circuit structure design and the wireless transmission mode choice, this system has high explosion-proof performance, high safety, and has the advantages of good real-time performance, high maintainability, and easy expansion.

According to the principle of heat conduction during the operation of semiconductor devices, a GCT package model of IGCT devices is established. Perform transient simulation and use structure function analysis software for analysis. Based on the thermal resistance and heat capacity curve obtained by the structure function analysis method, the factors that may affect the thermal characteristics of the device are analyzed from the two angles of the thickness of the molybdenum disk and the thickness of the copper cathode. Thermal analysis of the 1μm micro-gap on the surface of the molybdenum disk and suggestions for improvement were put forward. The research results show that the structure function method is a non-destructive analysis method that can obtain the thermal resistance and heat capacity of each layer inside the device with high accuracy. The application of this method can analyze the internal microstructure changes of the device, and provide convenience for the research and evaluation of the thermal characteristics of the device.

In the fight against climate change, future policy directions in the transition toward a green travel- and tourism-based economy include improving tourism-derived CO[sub.2] emission levels and guiding individual low-carbon behavior. In China, people tend to engage in outdoor adventure travel and cultural tourism in natural areas. However, limited information is available on the empirical evaluation of energy use and the CO[sub.2] emissions associated with tourism in protected areas. The present study used a life cycle assessment to explore energy use and CO[sub.2] emissions due to tourism and identify the factors driving low-carbon behavior. To these ends, survey data for the protected areas of the Qinling Mountains from 2014 to 2019 were used. The results showed that energy use and CO[sub.2] emissions in various tourism sectors steadily increased from 2014 to 2019, primarily because of an increase in transportation activity. This study used data derived from the calculation of CO[sub.2] emissions per tourist per trip to identify the various factors jointly contributing to the low-carbon behavior of tourists. These included a low-carbon attitude, low-carbon knowledge, environmental education, and policy reward. The broader implications of this study are that several emission reduction policy options are available to address the challenges inherent in sustainable tourism development and that these policies may be selected according to specific conditions. The low-carbon transformation of recreational facilities at travel destinations, policy rewards, and environmental education can regulate tourist behavior, holding the key to sustainable tourism development in protected areas.