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Purpose The links between obesity and dementia remain equivocal. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the association between weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), a new anthropometric indicator reflecting obesity, and dementia in the Chinese population with hypertension. Methods A total of 10,289 participants with hypertension were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, a subset of the China H-type hypertension registry study. WWI was calculated as waist circumference (WC) divided by the square root of bodyweight. Chinese adapted MMSE (CAMSE) scale was performed to evaluate the cognitive function. According to educational background, different MMSE cut-off values were applied to define dementia: < 24 for participants with ≥ 7 years of education, < 20 for those with 1–6 years of education, and < 17 for illiterate participants. Multivariable linear regression and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations between WWI and MMSE and dementia, respectively. Results Overall, the mean age was 63.7 ± 9.7 years, and 49.0% were males. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that WWI was negatively associated with MMSE ( β , -1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.24, -0.94). Consistently, multivariable binary logistic regression analyses found a positive association between WWI and the risk of dementia (odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% CI: 1.35, 1.56). Compared with individuals in quartile 1 of WWI, the adjusted β and OR values of WWI for MMSE and dementia were -2.28 (95% CI: -2.62, -1.94) and 2.12 (95% CI: 1.81, 2.48), respectively. Results of smoothing curve fitting confirmed the linear association between WWI and MMSE and dementia. Subgroup analysis showed a stronger association between WWI and dementia in participants with hypertension with midday napping. Conclusion WWI was independently and positively associated with dementia among the population with hypertension, especially in those with midday napping. The data suggests that WWI may serve as a simple and effective tool for the assessment of the risk of dementia in clinical practice.

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of marital status with cognitive function and to examine the potential effect modifiers in Chinese hypertensive populations. Methods A total of 9,525 adult Chinese hypertensive patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Cognitive function, as the dependent variable in our study, was assessed by the Chinese adapted Mini-Mental State Examination (CAMSE). We adjusted for potential confounding factors in multiple linear regression models to examine the relationship of marital status with cognitive function. In addition, we divided the population according to sex to explore whether there were sex-specific differences. Results Among the 9,525 study participants, the mean (SD) age for men was 63.5 (10.3) years, and the mean MMSE score was 24.9 ± 5.0, whereas for women, the mean (SD) age was 63.8 (9.3) years, and the mean MMSE score was 19.4 ± 6.4. Unmarried persons had lower scores on the MMSE and lower subscores in each of the cognitive domains. A stronger correlation between marital status and a lower MMSE score was statistically significant in men (unmarried men: β = -1.55; 95% CI: -1.89, -1.21) but not women (unmarried women: β = -0.22; 95% CI: -0.56, 0.12; p interaction = 0.006). Compared to men who were widowed or divorced, never married men were more likely to have lower MMSE scores (β = -2.30, 95% CI -3.10,—1.50; p  < 0.001). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that being unmarried is an extremely important but neglected social risk factor for cognitive function. Sex was a strong effect modifier: being unmarried was correlated with a higher risk of cognitive decline than being married in Chinese hypertensive men, especially among older men, but this correlation was not observed among women. Moreover, never married men showed poorer cognitive function than those who were divorced or widowed.

Objectives. Cognitive decline could be seen as the sign of preclinical phase of dementia, which was found to be sex differentiated. Previous studies had discovered that there might be some link between abnormal sleep duration and cognitive performance. Additionally, hypertension was found to be one of the important risk factors for cognitive decline and abnormal sleep duration was also a significant risk factor for hypertension. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate sex differences in the association of sleep duration with cognitive performance and to further explore potential effect modifiers that may exist. Methods. Data analyzed in this study was from the China H-type Hypertension Registry Study. Sleep duration was assessed with a sleep questionnaire and categorized as <5 hours, 5-8 hours, and ≥8 hours. Cognitive performance was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Result. A total of 9527 subjects were included. The average age was 63.7±9.8 years. Linear regression analyses showed that the association between long sleep duration (≥8 h) and MMSE score adjusting for pertinent covariables was stronger in female (β=−0.95, 95% CI: -1.23 to -0.68, P<0.001) than in male (β=−0.29, 95% CI: -0.53 to -0.06, P=0.013). Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between sleep duration and age on cognitive performance only in female. Conclusion. In summary, this study found that long sleep duration (≥8 h) was associated with poorer cognitive performance. Furthermore, this association was more pronounced in female than in male, especially in older female.

Nanoscale magnetic field sensing is essential for many applications, including high-density magnetic storage readout, biomagnetic signal detection, and high resolution magnetic imaging. In recent years, people have proposed using magnetic nano-oscillators such as spin-torque nano-oscillators (STNOs) as alternative nanoscale magnetic field sensors, based on their ability to convert magnitude of magnetic field change into oscillation frequency change. However, the quantification of the sensor detectivity in such devices is still lacking.In this dissertation, we develop nanoscale magnetic field sensors based on a similar kind of magnetic nano-oscillators, spin-Hall nano-oscillator (SHNO) devices. We fabricate nanoconstriction-based SHNO devices using a Ni81Fe19/Au0.25Pt0.75 bilayer with different designs of the constrictions. In the first part of our work, we explore the possible synchronization in 4-constriction SHNO devices with the constrictions in-line and shifted by 30 degrees, both experimentally and numerically. The shifted design is to maximize spin wave overlap in the direction perpendicular to the external magnetic field. We observe synchronization in the device with shifted constrictions, but no global synchronization is identified in the device with in-line constrictions under the same magnetic field conditions.In the second part of our work, we study the temporal stability of nanoconstriction-based SHNOs and demonstrate their ability of quasi-DC magnetic field sensing up to kHz-scale frequencies under a bias field of 400 Oe in the sample plane. The magnetic field sensing is based on the linear dependence of SHNO oscillation frequency on the external magnetic field. We study two devices with 1 and 4 constrictions, respectively. Following the results from the first part, the chosen 4-constriction device has shifted design to facilitate synchronization. The detectivity of the 4-constriction device is as low as 0.21 μT/√ Hz at 100 Hz, with an effective sensing area of 0.31 μm2. Our SHNO sensors combine good detectivity with small effective sensing area, with their detectivity outperforming other room temperature sensors with similar sub-micron effective sensing area. The nanoscale sensing area of the SHNO devices makes them interesting as local sensors, for example in scanning probe magnetometry.

Background Geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) on the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains unclear. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to discuss the value of the GNRI in evaluating long-term outcomes in DLBCL. Methods We systematically and roundly retrieved PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases from inception of the databases to March 20, 2023. At the same time, we calculated the pool hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95% confidence interval (CI) for overall survival and progression-free survival to assess the effect of GNRI on the prognosis of DLBCL patients. Results In our primary meta-analysis, 7 trials with a total of 2448 patients were enrolled. Results showed that lower level of GNRI was related to poorer overall survival (HR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.27, 2.50, p  < 0.01) and worse progression-free survival (HR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.71, 3.13, p  < 0.01) in DLBCL patients. Conclusion The results of our meta-analysis indicate that a lower GNRI significantly associated with poorer prognosis for DLBCL. It is believed that GNRI was a promisingly predictive indicator of survival outcomes in DLBCL patients. However, large multicenter prospective studies are necessary to verify the results.

In this work, we develop a nanoscale magnetic field sensor based on a spin-Hall nano-oscillator (SHNO) device. We fabricate constriction-based SHNO devices using Ni\\(_{81}\\)Fe\\(_{19}\\)/Au\\(_{0.25}\\)Pt\\(_{0.75}\\) bilayer and use them to demonstrate quasi-DC sensing up to kilohertz-scale frequencies under a bias field of 400 Oe in the sample plane. The magnetic field sensing is based on the linear dependence of SHNO oscillation frequency on external magnetic field. The detectivity of the sensor is as low as 0.21 \\(\\mu\\)T/\\(\\sqrt{\\mbox{Hz}}\\) at 100 Hz, with an effective sensing area of 0.32 \\(\\mu\\)m\\(^2\\), making SHNO devices suitable for scanning probe nanoscale magnetometry.

This study aims to investigate the effect of microalgae and their carbonic anhydrase (CAex) on limestone dissolution. The dynamics of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ release, the model for the amount of Mg²⁺ released and biological cumulative effect time by the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CR) and Chlorella pyrenoedosa (CP), and the algal stable carbon isotopic composition (δ¹³C) in the presence and absence of the membrane-impermeable CAex inhibitor acetazolamide (AZ) were compared in a medium containing limestone. The amount of Mg²⁺ released from the limestone in the treatment without AZ was more than that with AZ during the logarithmic phase. The amounts of Mg²⁺ release unit algal biomass and unit time in CR and CP were 3.37 × 10⁻⁴ and 2.44 × 10⁻⁴ mg/μg days in the treatment without AZ, respectively, and only 1.99 × 10⁻⁴ and 2.19 × 10⁻⁴ mg/μg days in the treatment with AZ, respectively. The biological dissolution of the algae increased with increasing algal CAex activity. The variation of Ca²⁺ was influenced by reprecipitation, and the algal limestone dissolution cannot be shown distinctly. The CAex of the microalgae may be beneficial for CaCO₃ reprecipitation, and the δ¹³C values of the algal cells with AZ were lower than those without AZ. Therefore, AZ not only can inhibit limestone dissolution by inhibiting microalgal growth, but also can reduce limestone dissolution by decreasing CAex catalysis. The results suggest the important influence of microalgae and their CAex on the biokarst process.

Background: Platinum-based drugs prevail as the main treatment of lung cancer; this is caused by their relative effectiveness despite known side effects, such as neurotoxicity. The risk reward of the treatment and side effects is confronted when dosage is considered and when resistance to treatment develops. Development of new compounds that improve effectiveness and safety profiles addresses this ongoing need in clinical practice. Objectives: The novel water-soluble platinum complex, diplatin, was synthesized, and its antitumor potency and toxicology profile were evaluated in murine xenograft tumor models and in lung cancer cell lines. Methods: The effects of diplatin, cisplatin (DDP), and carboplatin (CBP) on the viability of nine lung tumor cell lines and one normal human lung epithelial cell line were evaluated using the MTT assay. Therapeutic index was calculated as LD 50 /ED 50 to identify and compare the ideal therapeutic windows of the above compounds. Diplatin’s antitumor effects were assessed in lung xenograft tumors of nude mice; molecular mechanisms of therapeutic effects were identified. Results: Diplatin had desirable IC 50 compared to CBP in a variety of cultured tumor cells, notably lung tumor cells. In the mouse xenograft lung tumor, diplatin led to a substantially improved therapeutic index when compared to the effects of DDP and CBP. Importantly, diplatin inhibited the growth of DDP-resistant lung tumor cells. Diplatin’s mode of action was characterized to be through cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and induction of lung tumor apoptosis via ROS/JNK/p53-mediated pathways. Conclusion: Diplatin was observed to have antitumor effects in mice with both greater potency and safety compared with DDP and CBP. These observations indicate that diplatin is promising as a potential treatment in future clinical applications.