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A panoptic driving perception system is an essential part of autonomous driving. A high-precision and real-time perception system can assist the vehicle in making reasonable decisions while driving. We present a panoptic driving perception network (you only look once for panoptic (YOLOP)) to perform traffic object detection, drivable area segmentation, and lane detection simultaneously. It is composed of one encoder for feature extraction and three decoders to handle the specific tasks. Our model performs extremely well on the challenging BDD100K dataset, achieving state-of-the-art on all three tasks in terms of accuracy and speed. Besides, we verify the effectiveness of our multi-task learning model for joint training via ablative studies. To our best knowledge, this is the first work that can process these three visual perception tasks simultaneously in real-time on an embedded device Jetson TX2(23 FPS), and maintain excellent accuracy. To facilitate further research, the source codes and pre-trained models are released at https://github.com/hustvl/YOLOP.

A bstract In this paper, we carry out a detailed study on the production of the doubly charmed baryon in deeply inelastic ep scattering (DIS) for Q 2 ∈ [2 , 100] GeV 2 , at the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC) with E e = 60(140) GeV and E p = 7000 GeV. To exclude the contributions from the diffractive productions and the b hadron decays, we impose the kinematic cuts 0 . 3 < z < 0 . 9, and p t , baryon ⋆ 2 > 1 GeV 2 in the center-of-mass (CM) frame of γ ∗ p . Based on the designed LHeC luminosity, by detecting the decay channel Ξ cc + Ξ cc + + → Λ c + with the subsequent decay Λ c + → pK − π + , we predict that about 1880 (2700) Ξ cc + events and 3750 (5400) Ξ cc + + events can be accumulated per year, which signifies the prospect of observing them via the DIS at the forthcoming LHeC. In addition, we also predict the distributions of a rich variety of physical observables in the laboratory frame and the γ∗p CM frame, including Q 2, p t 2 , Y (rapidity), p t ⋆ 2 , Y ⋆ , W , and z distributions, respectively, which can provide helpful references for studying the doubly charmed baryon. In conclusion, we think that in addition to the LHC, the LHeC is also a helpful platform for studying the properties of the doubly charmed baryon.

The predictive power of perturbative QCD (pQCD) depends on two important issues: (1) how to eliminate the renormalization scheme-and-scale ambiguities at fixed order, and (2) how to reliably estimate the contributions of unknown higher-order terms using information from the known pQCD series. The Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC) satisfies all of the principles of the renormalization group and eliminates the scheme-and-scale ambiguities by the recursive use of the renormalization group equation to determine the scale of the QCD running coupling \\[\\alpha _s\\] at each order. Moreover, the resulting PMC predictions are independent of the choice of the renormalization scheme, satisfying the key principle of renormalization group invariance. In this paper, we show that by using the conformal series derived using the PMC single-scale procedure, in combination with the Padé Approximation Approach (PAA), one can achieve quantitatively useful estimates for the unknown higher-order terms from the known perturbative series. We illustrate this procedure for three hadronic observables \\[R_{e^+e^-}\\], \\[R_{\\tau }\\], and \\[\\Gamma (H \\rightarrow b {\\bar{b}})\\] which are each known to 4 loops in pQCD. We show that if the PMC prediction for the conformal series for an observable (of leading order \\[\\alpha _s^p\\]) has been determined at order \\[\\alpha ^n_s\\], then the \\[[N/M]=[0/n-p]\\] Padé series provides quantitatively useful predictions for the higher-order terms. We also show that the PMC + PAA predictions agree at all orders with the fundamental, scheme-independent Generalized Crewther relations which connect observables, such as deep inelastic neutrino-nucleon scattering, to hadronic \\[e^+e^-\\] annihilation. Thus, by using the combination of the PMC series and the Padé method, the predictive power of pQCD theory can be greatly improved.

We present a detailed discussion on the doubly charmed baryon \\[\\Xi _{cc}\\] production at the RHIC and LHC via the proton–nucleus (p–N) and nucleus–nucleus (N–N) collision modes. The extrinsic charm mechanism via the subprocesses \\[g+c\\rightarrow (cc)[n]+\\bar{c}\\] and \\[c+c\\rightarrow (cc)[n]+g\\] together with the gluon-gluon fusion mechanism via the subprocess \\[g+g\\rightarrow (cc)[n]+\\bar{c}+\\bar{c}\\] have been taken into consideration, where the intermediate diquark is in \\[[n]=[^1S_0]_\\mathbf{6}\\]-state or \\[[^3S_1]_{\\bar{\\mathbf{3}}}\\]-state, respectively. Total and differential cross sections have been discussed under various collision energies. To compare with the \\[\\Xi _{cc}\\] production via proton-proton collision mode at the LHC, we observe that sizable \\[\\Xi _{cc}\\] events can also be generated via p–N and N–N collision modes at the RHIC and LHC. For examples, about \\[8.1\\times 10^7\\] and \\[6.7\\times 10^7\\]\\[\\Xi _{cc}\\] events can be accumulated in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collision modes at the LHC within one operation year.

Introduction Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a common complication of diabetes. Previous studies have implicated that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in the development of PDN, but its pathogenesis and mechanism have not been fully investigated. Methods In this study, we used high‐fat diet/low‐dose streptozotocin‐induced rats as a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Behavioral testing, whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and complex sensory nerve conduction velocity studies were used to assess peripheral neuropathy. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP, tissue reactive oxygen species, and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the function and morphology of mitochondria in DRG. Real‐time PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence were performed to investigate the mechanism. Results We found that damaged mitochondria were accumulated and mitophagy was inhibited in PDN rats. The expression of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), which is an NAD+‐dependent deacetylase in mitochondria, was inhibited. Overexpression of SIRT3 in DRG neurons by intrathecally administered LV‐SIRT3 lentivirus ameliorated neurological and mitochondrial dysfunctions. This was evidenced by the reversal of allodynia and nociceptor hyperexcitability, as well as the restoration of MMP and ATP levels. Overexpression of SIRT3 restored the inhibited mitophagy by activating the FoxO3a‐PINK1‐Parkin signaling pathway. The effects of SIRT3 overexpression, including the reversal of allodynia and nociceptor hyperexcitability, the improvement of impaired mitochondria and mitophagy, and the restoration of PINK1 and Parkin expression, were counteracted when FoxO3a siRNA was intrathecally injected. Conclusion These results showed that SIRT3 overexpression ameliorates PDN via activation of FoxO3a‐PINK1‐Parkin‐mediated mitophagy, suggesting that SIRT3 may become an encouraging therapeutic strategy for PDN. Painful diabetic neuropathy in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) induces mitochondrial impairment and sirtuin 3 deficiency, leading to inhibited mitophagy through the FoxO3a‐PINK1‐Parkin pathway, exacerbating allodynia.

A bstract In the paper, we calculate the fragmentation functions for c → η c and b → η b up to next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD accuracy. The ultraviolet divergences in the real corrections are removed through operator renormalization under the modified min- imal subtraction scheme. We then obtain the fragmentation functions D c → η c ( z, μ F ) and D b → η b ( z, μ F ) up to NLO QCD accuracy, which are presented as figures and fitting functions. The numerical results show that the NLO corrections are significant. The sensitives of the fragmentation functions to the renormalization scale and the factorization scale are analyzed explicitly.

We systematically analyzed the production of semi-inclusive doubly heavy baryons (\\[\\Xi _{cc}\\], \\[\\Xi _{bc}\\] and \\[\\Xi _{bb}\\]) for the process \\[H^0 \\rightarrow \\Xi _{QQ'}+ \\bar{Q'} + {\\bar{Q}}\\] through four main Higgs decay channels within the framework of non-relativistic QCD. The contributions from the intermediate diquark states, \\[\\langle cc\\rangle [^{1}S_{0}]_{\\mathbf {6}}\\], \\[\\langle cc\\rangle [^{3}S_{1}]_{\\bar{\\mathbf {3}}}\\], \\[\\langle bc\\rangle [^{3}S_{1}]_{\\bar{\\mathbf {3}}/ \\mathbf {6}}\\], \\[\\langle bc\\rangle [^{1}S_{0}]_{\\bar{\\mathbf {3}}/ \\mathbf {6}}\\], \\[\\langle bb\\rangle [^{1}S_{0}]_{\\mathbf {6}}\\] and \\[\\langle bb\\rangle [^{3}S_{1}]_{\\bar{\\mathbf {3}}}\\], have been taken into consideration. The differential distributions and three main sources of the theoretical uncertainties have been discussed. At the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, there will be about 0.43\\[\\times 10^4\\] events of \\[\\Xi _{cc}\\], 6.32\\[\\times 10^4\\] events of \\[\\Xi _{bc}\\] and 0.28\\[\\times 10^4\\] events of \\[\\Xi _{bb}\\] produced per year. There are fewer events produced at the Circular Electron Positron Collider and the International Linear Collider, about \\[0.26\\times 10^{2}\\] events of \\[\\Xi _{cc}\\], \\[3.83\\times 10^{2}\\] events of \\[\\Xi _{bc}\\] and \\[0.17\\times 10^{2}\\] events of \\[\\Xi _{bb}\\] in operation.

Based on the operator product expansion, the perturbative and nonperturbative contributions to the polarized Bjorken sum rule (BSR) can be separated conveniently, and the nonperturbative one can be fitted via a proper comparison with the experimental data. In the paper, we first give a detailed study on the pQCD corrections to the leading-twist part of BSR. Basing on the accurate pQCD prediction of BSR, we then give a novel fit of the non-perturbative high-twist contributions by comparing with JLab data. Previous pQCD corrections to the leading-twist part derived under conventional scale-setting approach still show strong renormalization scale dependence. The principle of maximum conformality (PMC) provides a systematic and strict way to eliminate conventional renormalization scale-setting ambiguity by determining the accurate αs-running behavior of the process with the help of renormalization group equation. Our calculation confirms the PMC prediction satisfies the standard renormalization group invariance, e.g. its fixed-order prediction does scheme-and-scale independent. In low Q2-region, the effective momentum of the process is small and in order to derive a reliable prediction, we adopt four low-energy αs models to do the analysis, i.e. the model based on the analytic perturbative theory (APT), the Webber model (WEB), the massive pQCD model (MPT) and the model under continuum QCD theory (CON). Our predictions show that even though the high-twist terms are generally power suppressed in high Q2-region, they shall have sizable contributions in low and intermediate Q2 domain. Based on the more accurate scheme-and-scale independent pQCD prediction, our newly fitted results for the high-twist corrections at Q2=1GeV2 are, f2p-n|APT=-0.120±0.013, f2p-n|WEB=-0.081±0.013, f2p-n|MPT=-0.128±0.013 and f2p-n|CON=-0.139±0.013; μ6|APT=0.003±0.000, μ6|WEB=0.001±0.000, μ6|MPT=0.003±0.000 and μ6|CON=0.002±0.000, respectively, where the errors are squared averages of those from the statistical and systematic errors from the measured data.

Nanoparticles based on single-component synthetic polymers, such as poly (lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), have been extensively studied for antitumor drug delivery and adjuvant therapy due to their ability to encapsulate and release drugs, as well as passively target tumors. Amphiphilic block co-polymers, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG)-PLGA, have also been used to prepare multifunctional nanodrug delivery systems with prolonged circulation time and greater bioavailability that can encapsulate a wider variety of drugs, including small molecules, gene-targeting drugs, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and multi-target enzyme inhibitors, enhancing their antitumor effect and safety. In addition, the surface of PEG-PLGA nanoparticles has been modified with various ligands to achieve active targeting and selective accumulation of antitumor drugs in tumor cells. Modification with two ligands has also been applied with good antitumor effects, while the use of imaging agents and pH-responsive or magnetic materials has paved the way for the application of such nanoparticles in clinical diagnosis. In this work, we provide an overview of the synthesis and application of PEG-PLGA nanoparticles in cancer treatment and we discuss the recent advances in ligand modification for active tumor targeting.

A bstract In the paper, we present QCD predictions for γ + η c production at an electron-positron collider up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy without renormalization scale ambiguities. The NNLO total cross-section for e + + e − → γ + η c using the conventional scale-setting approach has large renormalization scale ambiguities, usually estimated by choosing the renormalization scale to be the e + e − center-of-mass collision energy s . The Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC) provides a systematic way to eliminate such renormalization scale ambiguities by summing the nonconformal β contributions into the QCD coupling α s ( Q 2 ). The renormalization group equation then sets the value of α s for the process. The PMC renormalization scale reflects the virtuality of the underlying process, and the resulting predictions satisfy all of the requirements of renormalization group invariance, including renormalization scheme invariance. After applying the PMC, we obtain a renormalization scale-and-scheme independent prediction, σ | NNLO , PMC ≃ 41 . 18 fb for s =10.6 GeV. The resulting pQCD series matches the series for conformal theory and thus has no divergent renormalon contributions. The large K factor which contributes to this process reinforces the importance of uncalculated NNNLO and higher-order terms. Using the PMC scale-and-scheme independent conformal series and the Padé approximation approach, we predict σ | NNNLO , PMC+Pade ≃ 18 . 99 fb, which is consistent with the recent BELLE measurement σ obs = 16.58 − 9.93 + 10.51 fb at s ≃ 10 . 6 GeV. This procedure also provides a first estimate of the NNNLO contribution.