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Spin wave has attracted significant attention in various fields because of its rich physics and potential applications in the development of spintronics devices in the post-Moore era. However, the analog of a subluminal-like propagation in the field of spin waves has not been well discussed. Here, we theoretically demonstrate the ultra-slow spin waves propagation in a nanoscale two-dimensional ferromagnetic film in the presence of magnon-skyrmion interaction. The minimum spin waves propagation velocity was estimated to be as low as 1.8 m s −1 by adjusting the system parameters properly, and the spin waves group delay and advance are dynamically tunable via the intensity or detuning of the control field, which allows the possibility of observing superluminal- and subluminal-like spin waves propagation in a single experimental setup. These results deepen our understanding of the spin wave–skyrmion interactions, open a novel and efficient pathway to realize ultra-slow spin waves propagation, and are expected to be applied to magnetic information storage and quantum operations of magnons.

On-chip optical frequency combs (microcombs) are critical for advanced photonic technologies. However, achieving broad bandwidth and nonreciprocal control in a single microcomb device remains a formidable challenge. Here, we demonstrate the generation of a robust microcomb (a bandwidth exceeding 1.9 GHz with up to 20 comb lines) by harnessing rotation-enhanced optomechanical interactions in a spinning microresonator. We show that the Sagnac–Fizeau drag effect significantly amplifies mechanical oscillations and the intracavity photon number, enabling a robust microcomb spectrum with a frequency comb spacing in the MHz range. Crucially, the direction of the pump laser dictates comb generation: it is efficiently activated for one propagation direction but suppressed for the reverse. This nonreciprocity, controlled solely by rotation speed and input direction, provides a new paradigm for manipulating microcombs on a chip. Our work establishes rotational optomechanics as a powerful platform for creating nonreciprocal integrated photonic devices, with implications for precision metrology, optical communications, and topological photonics.

1,2-Dihydropyridines are valuable and reactive synthons, and particularly useful precursors to synthesize piperidines and pyridines that are among the most common structural components of pharmaceuticals. However, the catalytic enantioselective synthesis of structurally diverse 1,2-dihydropyridines is limited to enantioselective addition of nucleophiles to activated pyridines. Here, we report a modular organocatalytic Mannich/Wittig/cycloisomerization sequence as a flexible strategy to access chiral 1,2-dihydropyridines from N -Boc aldimines, aldehydes, and phosphoranes, using a chiral amine catalyst. The key step in this protocol, cycloisomerization of chiral N -Boc δ-amino α,β-unsaturated ketones recycles the waste to improve the yield. Specifically, recycling by-product water from imine formation to gradually release the true catalyst HCl via hydrolysis of SiCl 4 , whilst maintaining a low concentration of HCl to suppress side reactions, and reusing waste Ph 3 PO from the Wittig step to modulate the acidity of HCl. This approach allows facile access to enantioenriched 2-substituted, 2,3- or 2,6- cis -disubstituted, and 2,3,6- cis -trisubstituted piperidines. 1,2-Dihydropyridines are valuable precursors for the synthesis of biologically relevant piperidines and pyridines, but the methods for their synthesis are underdeveloped. Here, the authors report a modular organocatalytic Mannich/Wittig/cycloisomerization sequence to access chiral 1,2-dihydropyridines from N -Boc aldimines, aldehydes and phosphoranes, using a chiral amine catalyst.

Optomechanical systems have long been considered in the field of precision measurement. In this work, measurement of weak magnetic field in a hybrid optomechanical system is discussed. In contrast to conventional measurements based on detecting the change of magnetic flux, our scheme presents an alternative way to measure the magnetic field with a precision of 0.1  nT . We show that the effective cavity resonance frequency will be revised due to the electromagnetic interactions. Therefore, a resonance valley in the transmission spectrum of the probe field will shift in the presence of the magnetic field, and the width of an asymmetric transparency in the optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT) shows a strong dependence on the magnetic field strength. Our results may have potential application for achieving high precision measurement of the magnetic field.

This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms that influenced autophagy in Steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) by constructing a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Blood sample data from the SONFH patients were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database under the accession number GSE123568. Autophagy-related genes were identified from the Human Autophagy Database (HADb). Differential analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed on the GSE123568 dataset to screen for core genes and validation was performed with the validation set. Based on the GEO dataset (GSE74089), we performed differential lncRNA analysis. Meanwhile, we utilized three databases, namely miRDB, TargetScan, and StarBase, to predict the miRNAs of target genes and corresponding lncRNAs. Cytoscape software was used to construct and visualize the ceRNA networks. We also employed reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to quantify their expression levels. A total of 1692 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the GSE123568 dataset. By intersecting with the HADb database, 47 autophagy-related genes were identified from these DEGs. Furthermore, we found the significant correlation between RNF144B and 37 autophagy genes. Importantly, we established a regulatory axis involving TUG1, hsa-miR-31-5p, and RNF144B., and both TUG1 and RNF144B were upregulated, while hsa-miR-31-5p was downregulated in the SONFH cell model. A TUG1-hsa-miR-31-5p-RNF144B axis was related to autophagy genes, which potentially provided insights into the RNA interactions triggering autophagy in SONFH.

Realizing highly sensitive charge sensors is of fundamental importance in physics, and may find applications in metrology, electronic tunnel imaging, and engineering technology. With the development of nanophotonics, cavity optomechanics with Coulomb interaction provides a powerful platform to explore new options for the precision measurement of charges. In this work, a method of realizing a highly sensitive charge sensor based on atom-assisted high-order sideband generation in a hybrid optomechanical system is proposed. The advantage of this scheme is that the sideband cutoff order and the charge number satisfy a monotonically increasing relationship, which is more sensitive than the atom-free case discussed previously. Calculations show that the sensitivity of the charge sensor in our scheme is improved by about 25 times. In particular, our proposed charge sensor can operate in low power conditions and extremely weak charge measurement environments. Furthermore, phase-dependent effects between the sideband generation and Coulomb interaction are also discussed in detail. Beyond their fundamental scientific significance, our work is an important step toward measuring individual charge.

Identification and control of the central adrenal vein (CAV) are key steps in laparoscopic adrenalectomy. However, the retroperitoneal laparoscopic left adrenalectomy (RLLA) lacks identifiable anatomical landmarks and does not have advantage of quickly exposing CAV. Here, we developed surgical maneuver and tactics of using the inferior phrenic vein (IPV) as a landmark in RLLA. During operations, we searched for the IPV between superior margin of renal artery and anterior aspect of psoas major muscle, and then the left IPV was followed and applied as an anatomical landmark to identify the CAV. Moreover, our study showed that variations in the left adrenal venous anatomy occurred in cases with pheochromocytomas. The application of left IPV as a landmark to search for CAV has important clinical significance in RLLA.

Bladder cancer is one of the most malignant tumors closely associated with macrophages. Polyporus polysaccharide (PPS) has shown excellent efficacy in treating bladder cancer with minimal side effects. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of PPS in inhibiting bladder cancer remain unclear. In this study, we used macrophages cultured alone or with T24 human bladder cancer cell culture supernatant as study models. We found that PPS enhanced the activities of IFN-γ-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, as shown by the release of inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, phagocytosis activity, as well as expression of M1 phenotype indicators, such as CD40, CD284 and CD86. PPS acted upstream in activation cascade of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathways by interfering with IκB phosphorylation. In addition, PPS regulated NF-κB (P65) signaling by interfering with Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, INOS and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Our results indicate that PPS activates macrophages through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways.

According to the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, there were 17?243 cases of violent attacks against health-care workers in 2010, in China.1 On Oct 25, a patient beat a senior doctor (head of the Ear, Nose, and Throat department) to death, adding a new victim on this too-long list.2 Hospitals in China are deemed as dangerous working places, and being a medical practitioner has turned into a life-threatening job.

Different aromatic components do indeed give different tea flavors. There is still little research on whether there is a certain regularity in the combination and content of aromatic components in different aroma types of Phoenix Dancong (PDC) tea. This potential regularity may be a key factor in unraveling the relationship between reproduction and evolution in PDC tea. Here, the 5 kinds of these 4 aroma types PDC tea (Zhuye, Tuofu, Jianghuaxiang, Juduo, Yashixiang) were used as research materials in this study, the headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to analyze the aromatic components of these PDC teas. The results showed a total of 36 aromatic components identified in this study. When conducting cluster analysis, it was found that similarity degree arrangement sequence of 5 PDC teas was Juduo, Tuofu, Yashixiang, Zhuye and Jianghuaxiang. Among these aromatic components, the 7,9-Di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione, the 2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 3-methyl-2-(2-pentenyl)-,(Z)-, the 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, the 3,7-dimethyl-1,5,7-Octatrien-3-ol, and the 2-Furanmethanol,5-ethenyltetrahydro-.alpha.,.alpha.,5-trimethyl-,cis- are common to 5 PDC teas. This study aims to elucidate the similarities in the aromatic components of 5 PDC teas, revealing the major aroma-endowed substances of various aroma, and providing theoretical reference for further exploring the relationship between aroma type discrimination, variety selection, and evolution of PDC teas.