Explore the vast range of titles available.

Background Although frailty is highly prevalent in hospitalized older heart failure (HF) patients, its management is often delayed. Understanding the unique experiences of frail elderly HF patients and the perceptions of healthcare professionals (HPs) regarding frailty can facilitate the integration of frailty prevention and intervention into clinical practice. This study aimed to use a descriptive qualitative approach to obtain the experiences of frailty in older HF patients and the perceptions of HPs concerning frailty. Methods Qualitative interviews were conducted with 16 frail elderly HF patients and 13 healthcare providers. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results The interviews yielded several themes with associated subthemes: “a state of predicament,” “hope is gone and social isolation,” “daily adjustment and attempts to do something,” “thoughts on factors contributing to frailty,” “the need for transformation of stakeholders’ mindset regarding frailty,” “management is imperative, but there is still a way to go”. Conclusions Both elderly patients with HF and HPs described frailty as a state of predicament, involving being caught in life difficulties and falling into a treatment dilemma. Due to the overlap of symptoms and evaluating indicators between frailty and HF, it’s essential to thoroughly understand modifiable risk factors that could worsen frailty and develop a specific frailty assessment tool for HF patients. Adequate social support, multidisciplinary collaboration, and a frailty education program for patients, caregivers, and HPs are essential to facilitate frailty management and improvement.

The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of oropharyngeal mother’s milk administration on salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels in preterm infants fed by gastric tube. Infants (n = 130) with birth weight < 1500 g were randomly allocated into two groups which both received breast milk for enteral nutrition. The experimental group (n = 65) accepted oropharyngeal mother’s milk administration before gastric tube feeding for 14 days after birth. The control group (n = 65) accepted oropharyngeal 0.9% normal saline administration. Saliva concentration of sIgA were assessed at the 2 h, 7th and 14th day after birth. The level of salivary sIgA in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group on the 7th day after birth (p < 0.05), but there were no differences in salivary sIgA levels on the 14th day between the two groups. The results of quantile regression analysis showed that oropharyngeal mother’s milk administration, delivery mode and gestational age had significant effects on the increase of sIgA. SIgA in experimental group and the total number of intervention had a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05). Oropharyngeal mother’s milk administration can improve salivary sIgA levels of preterm infants.

Objective To study the effect of heart-collateral-based enlightenment words intervention on anxiety and depression in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods In this class experimental study, one hundred patients who were hospitalized after PCI from May 2020 to October 2021, were included in this interventional study. They were divided into the test group ( n  = 50) and the control group ( n  = 50) based on the random number table. The heart-collateral-based enlightenment words intervention was used in the test group versus routine nursing in the control group. Data was collected using a self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and an independently developed satisfaction questionnaire. Psychological indicators and satisfaction were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. Results After 3 months of intervention, the test group scored significantly lower in SDS and SAS than the control group (SDS score: [55.06 ± 8.63] vs. [62.90 ± 9.52]; SAS score: [46.83 ± 10.24] vs. [56.02 ± 8.92]) ( P  < 0.05 for both SDS and SAS difference). The satisfaction rate of the test group vs. control group was 96% vs. 82% after the intervention, with a statistically significant difference ( P  < 0.05). Conclusion Heart-collateral-based enlightenment words intervention can effectively alleviate anxiety and depression in patients after PCI and increase their satisfaction with nursing services. To develop the theory and guide clinical practice, future research in different treatment area with larger sample size should be conducted.

Previous research has explored the factors influencing frailty in older patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), but these studies have not revealed the potential network interactions among the related factors. This study aimed to construct a Bayesian network (BN) model of frailty in older patients with CHF, analyze the predictive factors, and explore the internal relationships between these factors. A total of 439 older patients with CHF were selected using a convenience sampling method from September 2023 to March 2024 at the cardiology department of a comprehensive tertiary hospital in Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of frailty in older patients with CHF. The BN structure was learned using the max–min hill-climbing algorithm, with parameter estimation achieved through maximum likelihood estimation. Netica software was utilized for prediction and diagnosis. The effectiveness of the model was validated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The prevalence of frailty in older patients with CHF was found to be 53.3%. After using a multivariate logistic regression analysis model that screened the variables, the nutritional risk, physical activity, depression, multimorbidity, grip strength and left atrial diameter were included into the Bayesian network model. The Bayesian network model of frailty related factors in older CHF patients showed that nutritional risk, physical activity, depression, and multimorbidity were directly related to frailty, while grip strength and left atrial diameter were indirectly related. The study results indicated that malnutrition risk, inactivity, depression, and multimorbidity were directly related to frailty, while lower grip strength and a wider left atrial diameter were indirectly related to frailty. Enhancing frailty assessment and implementing measures addressing disease, nutrition, exercise, and psychological well-being are crucial for delaying and potentially reversing the onset and progression of frailty.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify the concept of transitional care in patients with heart failure. Background: Transitional care is increasingly being applied in patients with heart failure, but the concept of transitional care in heart failure patients is not uniform and confused with other definitions, which limits further research and practice on transitional care for these patients. Design: Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PUBMED, EMBASE, EBSCO, Chinese Biological Medicine (CBM), CNKI, and WANFANG databases (up to January 26, 2023). We used Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis method to identify related concepts, attributes, antecedents, and consequences of transitional care in patients with heart failure. Results: A total of 33 articles were included. The following attributes belonging to transitional care in patients with heart failure were extracted from the literature: self-care, multidisciplinary collaboration, and information transmission. The antecedents were patients' health status, the health literacy of patients and caregivers, the role functions of the main implementer and social and medical resources. Consequences were separated into two categories: patient-centered health outcomes (all-cause mortality, health-related quality of life, discharge preparedness, self-care behaviors, satisfaction of patients) and healthcare utilization outcomes (hospital readmission, length of hospital stay, emergency department visits). Conclusion: This study found that transitional care in heart failure patients is a systemic care process during a vulnerable period that improves patient self-management and coordination between hospital resources and social support systems for continuous management to promote smooth patient transitions between different locations. This concept analysis will inform healthcare providers in designing evidence-based interventions and quality improvement strategies to ensure that transition processes lead to desired outcomes. In addition, this study will also be helpful for developing specific assessment tools to identify patients with HF who need transitional care. Keywords: concept analysis, heart failure, transitional care, self care, collaboration

The development of quantum information technology and increasing attention of people to the secure transmission of image information in the Internet have put forward higher requirements for traditional image encryption algorithms that not only take advantage of the exponential acceleration ability of quantum computing compared with classical computing but also reduce the risk of encryption algorithms being cracked. Therefore, in order to seek the combination of the advantages of quantum computing and classical image encryption algorithms, this paper proposes a new dynamic encryption image scheme of quantum walk and chaos-induced DNA. Firstly, the RGB three-channel pixels of the color image are extracted and combined into a one-dimensional array, and a random sequence is generated by quantum walk to reorder it to obtain a preliminary scrambled image; secondly, the color image is processed by the SHA-256 algorithm and divided into the generated message digest as the initial condition of the chaotic model. The random sequence was generated by the high-dimensional chaotic model which encodes each pixel independently and disorderly as DNA bases. The difference of the chaotic sequence ensures the dynamic selection of random DNA encoding and decoding rules during encryption. At the same time, the number of times of DNA encryption of the encoded pixel value is also controlled by the dynamic induction of the chaotic sequence, and ultimately, the DNA coding sequence is replaced with the decimal pixel value to obtain the encrypted image. The simulation results show that the information entropy of the encrypted image is above 7.99, and the correlation of each channel is close to 0, which can effectively resist brute force attacks, plaintext attacks, statistical analysis attacks, noise attacks, etc. In addition, in this paper, extracting the watermark embedded in the encrypted image to judge whether image information is tampered or forged further improves the security of the image information.

Aim: To evaluate the analgesic effects of 2 celecoxib derivatives and their inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase (COX). Methods: Four antinociceptive assays were used: the acetic acid‐induced writhing test, hot plate test, hot tail‐flick test and formalin test. Three doses were used in the analgesic assays and ED50 values were calculated. For the selectivity assay, macrophages were incubated with test compounds at various concentrations and then stimulated with calcimycin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The amounts of 6‐keto‐prostaglandin F1α (6‐keto‐PGF1α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the supernatant were examined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The selectivity of the test compounds was expressed as the IC50, COX‐1/IC50,COX‐2 value. Results: Celecoxib and its 2 derivatives had a significant analgesic effect. The ED50 values of celecoxib, PC‐406 and PC‐407 were 94.2, 67.9, and 63.3 mg/kg, respectively, for the acetic acid‐induced writhing test; 104.7, 89.1, and 30.0 mg/kg, respectively, for the hot tail‐flick response test; 60.7, 56.7, and 86.2 mg/kg, respectively, for the hot plate response test; 67.1, 55.8, and 68.8 mg/kg, respectively, for the formalin‐induced response. That is, the ED50 of PC‐406 was the lowest for the formalin and hot plate tests, which focus on changes above the spinal cord level; however, the ED50 of PC‐407 was lowest for the tail‐flick and writhing tests, which focus on changes at the spinal cord level. Celecoxib and PC‐407 inhibited COX‐1 with IC50 values of 39.8 and 27.5 nmol/L, respectively. PC‐406 inhibited COX‐1 with an IC50 value of more than 1000 nmol/L. The IC50 values for the effect of celecoxib, PC‐406 and PC‐407 on COX‐2 were 4.8, 8.9, and 1.9 nmol/L respectively. The IC50,COX‐1/IC50,COX‐2 ratios for celecoxib and PC‐407 were 8.3 and 14.4, respectively. For PC‐406, the ratio was greater than 112.2. Conclusion: Derivatives of celecoxib via substitution with an isopropyl or naphthyl group at the 5 position in the pyrazole ring still have analgesic effects and the ability to selectively inhibit COX‐2. Substitution with a naphthyl group may have more effect on the peripheral pain pathway, whereas substitution with an isopropyl group may have more effect on the central pain pathway. This phenomenon occurs partly because substitution with an isopropyl group is more beneficial for COX‐2 selectivity than is substitution with a naphthyl group.

Purpose: Previous research has explored the factors influencing frailty in older patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), but these studies have not revealed the potential network interactions among the related factors. This study aimed to construct a Bayesian network (BN) model of frailty in older patients with CHF, analyze the predictive factors, and explore the internal relationships between these factors. Methods: A total of 439 older patients with CHF were selected using a convenience sampling method from September 2023 to March 2024 at the cardiology department of a comprehensive tertiary hospital in Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of frailty in older patients with CHF. The BN structure was learned using the maxemin hillclimbing algorithm, with parameter estimation achieved through maximum likelihood estimation. Netica software was utilized for prediction and diagnosis. The effectiveness of the model was validated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The prevalence of frailty in older patients with CHF was found to be 53.3%. After using a multivariate logistic regression analysis model that screened the variables, the nutritional risk, physical activity, depression, multimorbidity, grip strength and left atrial diameter were included into the Bayesian network model. The Bayesian network model of frailty related factors in older CHF patients showed that nutritional risk, physical activity, depression, and multimorbidity were directly related to frailty, while grip strength and left atrial diameter were indirectly related. Conclusion: The study results indicated that malnutrition risk, inactivity, depression, and multimorbidity were directly related to frailty, while lower grip strength and a wider left atrial diameter were indirectly related to frailty. Enhancing frailty assessment and implementing measures addressing disease, nutrition, exercise, and psychological well-being are crucial for delaying and potentially reversing the onset and progression of frailty.

To evaluate the analgesic effects of 2 celecoxib derivatives and their inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase (COX). Four antinociceptive assays were used: the acetic acid-induced writhing test, hot plate test, hot tail-flick test and formalin test. Three doses were used in the analgesic assays and ED50 values were calculated. For the selectivity assay, macrophages were incubated with test compounds at various concentrations and then stimulated with calcimycin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The amounts of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha(6-keto-PGF1alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the supernatant were examined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The selectivity of the test compounds was expressed as the IC(50,COX-1)/IC(50,COX-2) value. Celecoxib and its 2 derivatives had a significant analgesic effect. The ED50 values of celecoxib, PC-406 and PC-407 were 94.2, 67.9, and 63.3 mg/kg, respectively, for the acetic acid-induced writhing test; 104.7, 89.1, and 30.0 mg/kg, respectively, for the hot tail-flick response test; 60.7, 56.7, and 86.2 mg/kg, respectively, for the hot plate response test; 67.1, 55.8, and 68.8 mg/kg, respectively, for the formalin-induced response. That is, the ED50 of PC-406 was the lowest for the formalin and hot plate tests, which focus on changes above the spinal cord level; however, the ED50 of PC-407 was lowest for the tail-flick and writhing tests, which focus on changes at the spinal cord level. Celecoxib and PC-407 inhibited COX-1 with IC50 values of 39.8 and 27.5 nmol/L, respectively. PC-406 inhibited COX-1 with an IC50 value of more than 1000 nmol/L. The IC50 values for the effect of celecoxib, PC-406 and PC-407 on COX-2 were 4.8, 8.9, and 1.9 nmol/L respectively. The IC(50, COX-1)/IC(50,COX-2) ratios for celecoxib and PC-407 were 8.3 and 14.4, respec-tively. For PC-406, the ratio was greater than 112.2. Derivatives of celecoxib via substitution with an isopropyl or naphthyl group at the 5 position in the pyrazole ring still have analgesic effects and the ability to selectively inhibit COX-2. Substitution with a naphthyl group may have more effect on the peripheral pain pathway, whereas substitution with an isopropyl group may have more effect on the central pain pathway. This phenomenon occurs partly because substitution with an isopropyl group is more beneficial for COX-2 selectivity than is substitution with a naphthyl group.

Aim: To evaluate the analgesic effects of 2 celecoxib derivatives and their inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase (COX). Methods: Four antinociceptive assays were used: the acetic acid-induced writhing test, hot plate test, hot tail-flick test and formalin test. Three doses were used in the analgesic assays and ED 50 values were calculated. For the selectivity assay, macrophages were incubated with test compounds at various concentrations and then stimulated with calcimycin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The amounts of 6-keto-prostaglandin F 1α (6-keto-PGF 1α ) and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) in the supernatant were examined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The selectivity of the test compounds was expressed as the IC 50, COX-1 /IC 50,COX-2 value. Results: Celecoxib and its 2 derivatives had a significant analgesic effect. The ED 50 values of celecoxib, PC-406 and PC-407 were 94.2, 67.9, and 63.3 mg/kg, respectively, for the acetic acid-induced writhing test; 104.7, 89.1, and 30.0 mg/kg, respectively, for the hot tail-flick response test; 60.7, 56.7, and 86.2 mg/kg, respectively, for the hot plate response test; 67.1, 55.8, and 68.8 mg/kg, respectively, for the formalin-induced response. That is, the ED 50 of PC-406 was the lowest for the formalin and hot plate tests, which focus on changes above the spinal cord level; however, the ED 50 of PC-407 was lowest for the tail-flick and writhing tests, which focus on changes at the spinal cord level. Celecoxib and PC-407 inhibited COX-1 with IC 50 values of 39.8 and 27.5 nmol/L, respectively. PC-406 inhibited COX-1 with an IC 50 value of more than 1000 nmol/L. The IC 50 values for the effect of celecoxib, PC-406 and PC-407 on COX-2 were 4.8, 8.9, and 1.9 nmol/L respectively. The IC 50,COX-1 /IC 50,COX-2 ratios for celecoxib and PC-407 were 8.3 and 14.4, respectively. For PC-406, the ratio was greater than 112.2. Conclusion: Derivatives of celecoxib via substitution with an isopropyl or naphthyl group at the 5 position in the pyrazole ring still have analgesic effects and the ability to selectively inhibit COX-2. Substitution with a naphthyl group may have more effect on the peripheral pain pathway, whereas substitution with an isopropyl group may have more effect on the central pain pathway. This phenomenon occurs partly because substitution with an isopropyl group is more beneficial for COX-2 selectivity than is substitution with a naphthyl group.