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Accurately assessing the accessibility and equity of urban public sports facilities is essential for improving public service provision and enhancing residents’ well-being. However, most existing studies rely on administrative units such as subdistricts and communities, often overlooking the multi-level structure of such facilities and failing to reflect their distribution within the spatial scope of residents’ daily activities. To address this gap, this study adopted the residential neighborhood as the basic unit of analysis and developed an integrated methodological framework combining the average nearest neighbor index, kernel density estimation, a Gaussian-based two-step floating catchment area method, the Gini coefficient, and location quotient analysis. When applied to Shanghai, the framework revealed distinct spatial patterns across facility levels, exhibiting scale-dependent characteristics. Community-level and residential-level sports facilities were found to be relatively accessible, whereas city-level and subdistrict-level sports facilities showed limited accessibility, particularly in peripheral suburbs. All facility levels exhibited varying degrees of spatial inequality, highlighting persistent issues of spatial justice. These findings provide empirical evidence to inform the spatial optimization of public sports facilities and to promote more equitable access to urban public services.

Traditional villages in Northwest Yunnan represent complex socio-ecological systems navigating the dual challenges of ecological fragility and rapid socio-economic transformation. This study examines how vulnerability patterns shape the spatial distribution of 248 traditional villages through an integrated assessment framework. We developed a Sensitivity-Resilience (S–R) model where sensitivity captures environmental constraints including topographic factors (elevation, slope, terrain roughness) and climatic variables (temperature, precipitation), while resilience encompasses ecological buffers (vegetation coverage, water network density) and socio-economic adaptive capacity (road network density, population density, GDP, nighttime lights)—combining 11 indicators from remote sensing data (DEM, MODIS climate products), national census records, and geographic databases (2000–2020). The geographic detector method, a spatial statistical technique that quantifies factor contributions without assuming linear relationships, revealed both individual and interactive effects on village distribution. Results show 81% of villages concentrate in low-to-moderate vulnerability zones, forming linear clusters along river valleys and lake peripheries. Natural factors impose primary spatial constraints (slope q = 0.72, elevation q = 0.69), while socio-economic factors exhibit stronger influence overall (GDP q = 0.89, road density q = 0.66). Critically, all factor interactions show enhanced effects, especially GDP interactions with road density and nightlight that reveal how economic development, accessibility, and urbanization jointly determine village vulnerability patterns. These findings directly inform differentiated conservation strategies for regional planners and heritage policymakers. High-vulnerability villages (17.7%) require adaptive infrastructure and hazard mitigation; moderate-vulnerability clusters (70.2%) can serve as development nodes with controlled tourism; low-vulnerability settlements (10.9%) need protection from urbanization pressure. The vulnerability framework provides transferable methods for understanding how traditional villages persist within, rather than despite, ecological constraints in fragile mountain regions globally.

Does urban density always boost smart productivity? Based on panel data from 28 major Chinese cities (2011-2021), this study reveals an inverted U-shaped relationship between urban density and smart productivity. Using entropy weight method, we construct comprehensive indices to measure both urban density and smart productivity levels. Our findings demonstrate that urban density positively influences smart productivity up to a threshold of 0.497, beyond which the relationship becomes negative. The results from fixed effects modeling show that a 1% increase in urban density is associated with a 0.114% increase in smart productivity before reaching the threshold. Through mediation analysis, we find that urbanization level serves as a significant mediator, accounting for 49.1% of the total effect. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis reveals distinct regional patterns: urban density exhibits stronger positive effects in western regions (coefficient = 0.181) compared to central regions (coefficient = 0.156), while showing negative impacts in eastern regions. These findings suggest that optimal urban density levels vary across regions, and cities should adopt differentiated development strategies accordingly. Our study contributes to the literature by quantifying the non-linear relationship between urban density and smart productivity, while providing empirical evidence for urban planning policies.

Rapid population aging in developing countries has intensified demand for accessible nursing home services, yet spatial disparities in service distribution remain insufficiently examined in secondary cities. This study investigates spatial distribution and multi-dimensional accessibility of nursing homes in Kunming, China, using comprehensive spatial analytical methods to inform sustainable urban development. We analyzed 205 nursing homes with 47,600 beds, evaluating spatial distribution patterns, economic accessibility, and spatial accessibility across different transportation modes. Our analysis reveals a pronounced monocentric pattern with nursing resources concentrated within central urban districts, creating a “primary core-multiple satellite” structure and spatial mismatch between service supply and older adult population needs. A distinct institutional dichotomy exists between publicly and privately operated facilities, establishing a dual-track system with different accessibility implications for social equity. Economic accessibility analysis demonstrates significant barriers in central urban and tourism-oriented districts dominated by higher-priced private facilities, where minimum prices frequently exceed average monthly pension. Spatial accessibility remains inadequate across all transportation modes, with only 24.3% of communities achieving normal or higher accessibility via private car, 21.5% via public bus, and merely 13.9% via walking. These limitations primarily stem from insufficient service capacity (34 beds per 1000 older adults) relative to demographic needs rather than transportation constraints. We recommend three sustainable interventions: implementing demand-based planning mechanisms, establishing progressive pricing policies, and developing older adult-friendly transportation networks. This framework supports sustainable urbanization by promoting spatial equity and efficient resource allocation, providing valuable insights for secondary cities pursuing sustainable development goals.

Floor impact sound insulation is essential for improving living environments and has become a mandatory requirement for green buildings in Southern China. This study introduces an innovative inorganic sound insulation coating technology for enhancing building floor acoustic performance. Through comprehensive laboratory experiments and field tests, we evaluated inorganic coatings of 3 mm and 5 mm thickness, comparing their performance against traditional methods, including organic coatings and soundproof mortar. Standardized impact sound pressure level measurements, conducted in accordance with the China GB/T 50121 standard, demonstrated significant acoustic improvements. Laboratory testing revealed impact sound reductions of 6–7 dB and 9–10 dB for the 3 mm and 5 mm inorganic coatings, respectively, while field applications of the 3 mm coating achieved an average reduction of 14.3 dB. The inorganic coating exhibited superior performance characteristics compared to both organic coatings and soundproof mortar in terms of sound insulation efficiency, fire resistance, and application feasibility, demonstrating particularly effective attenuation in the mid- to high-frequency range. This investigation presents an innovative, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable solution for improving floor sound insulation in green buildings.

Achieving carbon emission reductions in the residential building sector while maintaining economic growth represents a global challenge, particularly in rapidly developing regions with internal disparities. This study examines Jiangsu Province in eastern China—a economic hub with north-south development gradients—to develop an integrated framework for differentiated carbon reduction pathways. The methodology combines spatial autocorrelation analysis, logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) decomposition, system dynamics modeling, and Tapio decoupling analysis to examine urban residential building emissions across three regions from 2016–2022. Results reveal significant spatial clustering of emissions (Moran’s I peaking at 0.735), with energy consumption per unit area as the dominant driver across all regions (contributing 147.61%, 131.60%, and 147.51% respectively). Scenario analysis demonstrates that energy efficiency policies can reduce emissions by 10.1% while maintaining 99.2% of economic performance, enabling carbon peak achievement by 2030. However, less developed northern regions emerge as binding constraints, requiring technology investments. Decoupling analysis identifies region-specific optimal pathways: conventional development for advanced regions, balanced approaches for transitional areas, and subsidies for lagging regions. These findings challenge assumptions about environment-economy trade-offs and provide a replicable framework for designing differentiated climate policies in heterogeneous territories, offering insights for similar regions worldwide navigating the transition to sustainable development.

To effectively combat environmental challenges, it is necessary to evaluate urban residential building carbon emissions and implement energy-efficient, emission-reducing strategies. The lack of a specialized carbon emission monitoring system complicates merging macro- and micro-level analyses to forecast urban residential emissions accurately. This study employs a system dynamics (SD) model to examine the influence of social, economic, energy, and environmental factors on carbon emissions in urban residences in Kunming, China. The SD model forecasts household carbon emissions from 2022 to 2030 and establishes three scenarios: a low-carbon scenario (LCS), a medium low-carbon scenario (MLCS), and a high low-carbon scenario (HLCS) to assess emission reduction potentials. It predicts emissions will climb to 4.108 million tons by 2030, significantly surpassing the 2014 baseline, with economic growth, urbanization, residential energy consumption, and housing investment as key drivers. To curb emissions, the study suggests enhancing low-carbon awareness, altering energy sources, promoting research and development investment, and expanding green areas. The scenarios indicate a 5.1% to 16.1% emission reduction by 2030 compared to the baseline. The study recommends an 8.3% to 11.4% reduction in MLCS as a practical short-term target for managing urban residential emissions, offering a valuable SD approach for optimizing carbon strategies and aiding low-carbon development.

The canyon hilly terrain of northwestern China significantly influences wind field characteristics within the grotto zone, consequently affecting the degree of wind erosion on grotto heritage. In the present study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulations were employed to investigate the effects of mountain length, slope, and spacing on the wind field characteristics of a typically canyon hilly terrain, with the Xumishan Grottoes as a case study. The results show a significant wind speed acceleration at canyon entrances and summits. Variations in mountain length and slope non-linearly affect wind field distribution, with wind speeds at the side and summit stabilizing when the mountain length exceeds three times the mountain height (L ≥ 3H). Based on the simulation results, an improved acceleration ratio formula incorporating mountain length, slope, and spacing was proposed, which demonstrated a discrepancy of only 9.05% compared with the field-validated CFD results for Cave 5 at Xumishan. This study elucidates the wind field formation mechanisms in canyon hilly terrain and provides a scientific basis for addressing the stone carving erosion of grotto heritage, contributing to the advancement of preventive conservation strategies for grottoes in complex terrains.

As climate challenges intensify, architectural design must reconcile energy efficiency with environmental adaptation. This study investigates how two skywell geometries in Kunming’s traditional One-Seal dwellings (Yikeyin) optimize seasonal thermal and ventilation performance. Combining field analysis and simulations, a comparative analysis of skywell depth-to-width ratios reveals that larger proportions enhance summer airflow but exacerbate winter heat loss, while smaller ratios stabilize winter conditions. Vertical thermal stratification highlights distinct microclimates across floors, with skywells exhibiting pronounced seasonal fluctuations. The findings affirm the climate-responsive intelligence embedded in vernacular architecture, demonstrating its relevance for contemporary sustainable design. By bridging traditional wisdom and modern green building practices, this work advances strategies for climate-resilient architecture and rural habitat enhancement, prioritizing both ecological balance and human comfort.