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In current applied research, traditional electrolytes face significant challenges. The emergence and application of polymer electrolytes provide effective solutions to these problems. This paper will introduce the types and characteristics of polymer electrolytes based on three aspects. The star-shaped compound based on PEGMA, i.e., poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, can significantly enhance the mechanical and electrical properties of polymer electrolytes; the gel electrolyte prepared by compounding highly polar β-polyvinylidene fluoride (β-PVDF) with nylon 6 shows significant application potential in improving ion conduction efficiency and enhancing battery safety. Brush-shaped polymers have good performance in avoiding the crystallization of linear polymers and inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites and improving mechanical strength. These three types of polymer electrolytes each have their characteristics and good application prospects. Still, they all face problems such as high cost and difficulties in industrialization at the present stage and need further development to better benefit human society. This paper aims to provide those who want to explore and do some decent research on this topic with some basic information as well as fundamental advice.

For the rockburst prevention issue of hydraulic supports in tunnel roadways, a structural design was introduced that adds energy-absorbing components to the hydraulic prop. This anti-shock hydraulic prop can improve the shock resistance of the support by absorbing energy through displacement. A solid-liquid coupling and static-dynamic coupling model for the anti-shock hydraulic prop was established using finite element and SPH particle methods. Impact tests were conducted on the energy-absorbing device and the shock-resistant prop with energy-absorbing columns. Optimization and adjustment of key simulation parameters were performed to achieve long-duration, high-precision simulations of energy-absorbing columns under shock loading in tunnel supports. The synergistic working mechanism between the energy-absorbing device and the hydraulic prop was revealed. The results show that the maximum displacement of the energy-absorbing column was reduced by 25% compared to the ordinary prop. The maximum displacement resistance was reduced by 18% compared to the ordinary prop. The total energy absorption was increased by 80% compared to the ordinary prop. It was found that the energy-absorbing device loaded on the energy-absorbing column could be fully crushed within 13 ms under the impact of a 10.5t hammer. The displacement speed reached 18.5 m/s, with variable stiffness and frequency.

This study investigates the novel approach of synergizing desert vegetation with shelter forests to enhance windbreak efficiency in a transitional zone between the Korla oasis and the Taklimakan Desert, northwest China. Through an extensive field survey and experimental setup, we evaluated the impact of different shelterbelt configurations on wind speed reduction. Three types of shelter forests were examined: multi-row Poplar ( Populus alba ), single-row Jujube (Ziziphus jujube) , and a mixed-species layout combining one row of Jujube and two rows of Poplar trees. Wind speed measurements were recorded at multiple heights across three zones—open field, between desert vegetation and shelterbelt, and leeward of the shelterbelt—over a three-month period (April to June, 2023). The findings reveal a significant reduction in wind speed, particularly on the leeward side, with multi-row and mixed-species configurations proving the most effective. The highest synergistic efficiency, observed in the mixed-species shelter forest, showed a windbreak efficiency improvement of over 20% compared to desert vegetation alone. This study provides new insights into the combined effectiveness of desert vegetation and shelter forests, offering a strategic framework for designing shelterbelts in arid environments. These results underscore the critical role of diverse, structured vegetation arrangements in combating wind erosion and contribute to the development of sustainable ecological management practices for desert regions worldwide.

We examined the effects of 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR) application on photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity, and Rubisco activase (RCA) gene expression in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings under a combination of drought and heat stress. The net photosynthetic rates (P n ) of wheat seedlings decreased significantly, the photosynthetic capability was inhibited, and the activities of superoxide (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and RCA as well as the initial and total activity of Rubisco declined under the combined stress. These decreases and inhibitory effects were significantly ameliorated by exogenous EBR application. Three subunits (45–46, 41–42, and 38–39 kDa) of RCA were observed in wheat seedlings. The abundances of the 38–39 kDa and 41–42 kDa subunits were significantly lower in plants subjected to stressful conditions than in unstressed plants. Interestingly, a marked increase in 45–46 kDa RCA was observed under heat or heat combined with drought stress. The abundance of 38–39 kDa RCA in seedlings exposed to heat, drought, or their combination was significantly enhanced by EBR pretreatment, which paralleled the changes in initial Rubisco activity and P n , but was not consistent with observed mRNA abundance. These results indicated that the larger subunit of RCA (45–46 kDa), which is more thermostable and increased in response to moderate heat stress, and the smaller isoform (38–39 kDa) of RCA may play important roles in maintaining the photosynthetic capability by EBR under stress conditions.

The Altay Mountains’ forests are vital to Xinjiang’s terrestrial ecosystem, especially water regulation and conservation. This study evaluates vegetation evapotranspiration (ET) from 2000 to 2017 using temperature, precipitation, and ET data from the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service. The dataset underwent quality control and was interpolated using the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method. Correlation analysis and climate trend methodologies were applied to assess the impacts of temperature, precipitation, drought, and extreme weather events on ET. The results indicate that air temperature had a minimal effect on ET, with 68.34% of the region showing weak correlations (coefficients between −0.2 and 0.2). Conversely, precipitation exhibited a strong positive correlation with ET across 98.91% of the area. Drought analysis, using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and the Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI), showed that ET was significantly correlated with the SPEI in 96.47% of the region, while the TVDI displayed both positive and negative correlations. Extreme weather events also significantly influenced ET, with reductions in the Simple Daily Intensity Index (SDII), heavy precipitation days (R95p, R10), and increases in indicators like growing season length (GSL) and warm spell duration index (WSDI) leading to variations in ET. Based on the correlation coefficients and their significance, it was confirmed that the SII (precipitation intensity) and R95p (heavy precipitation) are the main factors causing vegetation ET increases. These findings offer crucial insights into the interactions between meteorological variables and ET, essential information for sustainable forest management, by highlighting the importance of optimizing water regulation strategies, such as adjusting species composition and forest density to enhance resilience against drought and extreme weather, thereby ensuring long-term forest health and productivity in response to climate change.

Angiogenesis is a fundamental process underlying the occurrence, growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a prevalent tumour type with an extremely poor prognosis due to abundant vasculature. However, the underlying mechanism of angiogenesis in HCC remains largely unknown. Herein, we found that sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) plays an important role in HCC angiogenesis. S1PR1 was found to be selectively and highly expressed in the blood vessels of HCC tissues compared with those of paratumour tissues. Functionally, high expression of S1PR1 in endothelial cells (ECs) promoted angiogenesis and progression of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, proangiogenic factors (S1P, IL-6, VEGFA) in conditioned medium from HCC cells induced the upregulation of S1PR1 in ECs via the phosphorylation of STAT3 at Y705. Further study also revealed that S1PR1 promotes angiogenesis by decreasing ceramide levels via CerS3 downregulation. Interestingly, we demonstrated that S1PR1 downregulates CerS3 by inducing CerS6 translocation into the nucleus to inhibit CerS3 at the transcriptional level in ECs. In addition, we found that a high concentration of Lenvatinib significantly downregulated the expression of S1PR1 and obviously enhanced S1PR1 knockdown-mediated angiogenesis inhibition, indicating that S1PR1 may be a target by which Lenvatinib combats angiogenesis in HCC. Thus, S1PR1 may be an important target for suppressing angiogenesis in HCC, and inhibiting S1PR1 is a promising approach to antitumor therapy in HCC.

Through the improvement of supporting structure and the utilization of the interaction between surrounding rock and supporting structure, the synergistic system of energy-absorbing yielding anti-impact supporting structure and surrounding rock is established. The process of energy absorption device, energy-absorbing yielding anti-impact supporting structure and synergistic system under impact is simulated to analyze the properties of them. The following conclusions could be drawn. The deformation and yielding process under compression of energy absorption device is divided into five stages. Compared with the traditional supporting structure, the energy-absorbing yielding anti-impact supporting structure has the reaction force with lower value and smaller fluctuation range before the deformation of the energy absorption device reaches the third ascending section. The synergy between surrounding rock and supporting structure plays an important role in roadway support. Compared with the supporting structure without surrounding rock, the reaction force of the supporting structure in the synergistic system is lower, and a stationary stage is added in the early stage of the reaction force curve.

A pre folded energy absorbing device, which is the key device of energy absorption anti impact for roadway support, is tested by quasi-static compression and simulated. The energy absorbing device is divided into zones, and the influence of the area on the load displacement curve of the energy absorbing device is studied according to the area. It is found that the error of numerical simulation is within 5%, indicating that the finite element modeling procedure is appropriate for the problem analyzed here. The device crushes following the pre folded origami pattern in a stable progressive. The device was divided into four areas: the upper and lower opening region of the concave surface four corner parts; the other areas of opening regions; the middle fold edge; the surrounding four sides edge. Each area has effect on the first drop stage and the second rise stage of the load displacement curve. The middle fold edge area has an effect on the peak load value of load displacement curve. Four indicators of peak load, average load, load efficiency, and specific energy absorption were generated from the results of numerical simulation. The strength enhancement of corner region can ensure the energy absorbing device with low peak load and high mean crushing load. The other areas of opening regions affect the first descending and second ascending of the curve. The first rising stage bears the load from the middle edge.

The Taklimakan Desert in Northwest China is the major source of dust storms in China. The northeast edge of this desert is a typical arid area which houses a fragile oasis eco-environment. Frequent dust storms cause harmful effects on the oasis ecosystem and negative impacts on agriculture, transportation, and human health. In this study, the major source region, transport pathway, and the potential contribution of dust storms to particulate air pollution were identified by using both trajectory analysis and monitoring data. To assess the source regions of dust storms, 48 h backward trajectories of air masses arriving at the Bugur (Luntai) County, which is located at the northeast edge of Taklimakan Desert, China on the dusty season (spring) and non-dusty month (August, representing non-dusty season) in the period of 1999–2013, were determined using Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model version 4 (HYSPLIT 4). The trajectories were categorized by k-means clustering into 5 clusters (1a–5a) in the dusty season and 2 clusters (1b and 2b) in the non-dusty season, which show distinct features in terms of the trajectory origins and the entry direction to the site. Daily levels of three air pollutants measured at a station located in Bugur County were analyzed by using Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) for each air mass cluster in dusty season. The results showed that TSP is the major pollutant, with an average concentration of 612 µg/m3, as compared to SO2 (23 µg/m3) and NO2 (32 µg/m3) in the dusty season. All pollutants were increased with the dust weather intensity, i.e., from suspended dust to dust storms. High levels of SO2 and NO2 were mostly associated with cluster 1a and cluster 5a which had trajectories passing over the anthropogenic source regions, while high TSP was mainly observed in cluster 4a, which has a longer pathway over the shifting sand desert area. Thus, on strong dust storm days, not only higher TSP but also higher SO2 and NO2 levels were observed as compared to normal days. The results of this study could be useful to forecast the potential occurrence of dust storms based on meteorological data. Research focusing on this dust-storm-prone region will help to understand the possible causes for the changes in the dust storm frequency and intensity, which can provide the basis for mitigation of the negative effects on human health and the environment.

The sustainable utilization of cultivated land is a crucial prerequisite for ensuring food security and achieving sustainable socioeconomic development. This study employed a dataset to evaluate sustainable land use and utilized a combination of multi-factor comprehensive evaluation models, structural equation modeling, geographically weighted regression, and Pearson correlation analysis to systematically investigate the overall level, spatial differentiation characteristics, and driving mechanisms of sustainable cultivated land utilization in the Tarim River Basin. Additionally, we compared and tested three spatial interpolation methods using high-resolution data to address the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) and enhance the quality of spatial predictions for cultivated land utilization, ultimately identifying inverse distance weighting (IDW) as the optimal method. The results indicate the following: (1) The level of sustainable cultivated land utilization is moderately high, with an average index of 0.581, exhibiting a “U-shaped” trend from the upper to lower reaches of the Tarim River Basin. The highest levels are found in the Kashgar River–Yarkant River Basin, followed by the Hotan River Basin and the Kaidu–Peacock River Basin, while the mainstream area has the lowest levels. (2) The relationships among various cultivated land environmental systems and sustainability demonstrate distinct response characteristics and spatial differentiation patterns. Cultivated land use and management exert the most significant influence on sustainability, followed by soil quality and water resource systems, with climatic factors having the least impact. The effects of each system reveal inverted “U”, inverted “N”, “U”, and “W” patterns from the lower reaches to the upper reaches, respectively. (3) As the complexity of interactions and integrative mechanisms within the regional cultivated land system increases, the sensitivity and vulnerability of the system also rise, resulting in lower levels of sustainable utilization. (4) Based on the current challenges facing the cultivated land environmental system and the primary mechanisms influencing its sustainability, we propose regulatory measures focused on “suitable consolidation”, “suitable resting”, and “suitable planting”. These findings provide valuable insights for formulating differentiated land protection strategies, policies, and spatial planning initiatives.