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Online games have gradually become a form of entertainment and a pastime for many people. In recent years, the growth rate of China’s online game industry has slowed, game users have entered the storage area, and the game industry has entered a stable development stage. More and more game enterprises need to rely on multiple parties to participate in value co-creation to integrate and build game brand value and gain advantages in the industry competition. Based on Perceived Value theory and Value Co-creation theory, this paper constructs a theoretical model of online game users’ Value Co-creation Behavior, analyzes the mediating role of Brand Relationship Quality between Perceived Value and Value Co-creation Behavior, and the moderating role of Game Literacy. The study found that Self Fulfillment and Social-emotional Development had significant effects on Autonomous Value Co-creation Behavior and Sponsored Value Co-creation Behavior. In contrast, Character Experience and Recreational Release significantly affected Autonomous Value Co-creation Behavior and Sponsored Value Co-creation Behavior. Brand Relationship Quality mediates between Perceived Value and Value Co-creation Behavior; Game Literacy mediates between Perceived Value and Value Co-creation Behavior. The moderating effect of Game Literacy in the relationship between Perceived Value and Value Co-creation Behavior is not significant. The above study results have important reference significance for the development of online games.

In this study, we demonstrate that the Sn2Se2P4 monolayer exhibits intrinsic anisotropic electronic characteristics with the strain-synergistic modulation of carrier transport and optoelectronic properties, as revealed by various levels of density functional theory calculations combined with the non-equilibrium Green’s function method. The calculations reveal that a-axis uniaxial compression of the Sn2Se2P4 monolayer induces an indirect-to-direct bandgap transition (from 1.73 eV to 0.97 eV, as calculated by HSE06), reduces the hole effective mass by ≥70%, and amplifies current density by 684%. Conversely, a-axis uniaxial expansion (+8%) boosts ballistic transport (a/b-axis current ratio > 105), rivaling black phosphorus. Notably, a striking negative differential conductance arises with the maximum Ipeak/Ivalley in the order of 105 under the 2% uniaxial compression along the b-axis of the Sn2Se2P4 monolayer. Visible-range anisotropic absorption coefficients (~105 cm−1) are achieved, where −4% a-axis strain elevates the photocurrent density (6.27 μA mm−2 at 2.45 eV) and external quantum efficiency (39.2%) beyond many 2D materials benchmarks. Non-monotonic strain-dependent photocurrent density peaks at 2.00 eV correlate with hole effective mass reduction patterns, confirming the carrier mobility of the Sn2Se2P4 monolayer as the governing parameter for photogenerated charge separation. These results establish Sn2Se2P4 as a multifunctional material enabling strain-tailored anisotropy for logic transistors, negative differential resistors, and photovoltaic devices, while guiding future investigations on environmental stabilization and heterostructure integration toward practical applications.

Friction is the central cause for about 1/3 of the primary energy dissipation, severely impacting the performance limits of micro and nanoscale mechanical devices. Especially in two-dimensional semiconductor devices, electronic friction energy dissipation becomes particularly pronounced. However, the dynamic mechanisms underlying electronic friction energy dissipation remain unclear due to the ultrafast timescales of electronic behavior. Here, the ultrafast dynamics of electronic friction energy dissipation in monolayer WS 2 is observed using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. We find that friction exhibits a significant enhancement as the rate of electron energy dissipation increases. It is experimentally found to be closely related to the generation of atomic defects at the sliding interfaces. These defects capture electrons in picoseconds and provide a new energy dissipation channel, resulting in increased friction. This study reveals the dynamics of electronic friction energy dissipation, which is vital to understand the origin of friction and improve the performance of micro and nanoscale devices. Electronic friction energy dissipation in semiconductor devices significantly impacts performance limits, yet the dynamic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that defects accelerate electronic energy dissipation, enhancing friction.

Wildfires increasingly threaten human life, ecosystems, and infrastructure, with events like the 2025 Palisades and Eaton fires in Los Angeles County underscoring the urgent need for more advanced prediction frameworks. Existing physics-based and deep-learning models struggle to capture dynamic wildfire spread across both 2D and 3D domains, especially when incorporating real-time, multimodal geospatial data. This paper explores how generative artificial intelligence (AI) models—such as GANs, VAEs, and transformers—can serve as transformative tools for wildfire prediction and simulation. These models offer superior capabilities in managing uncertainty, integrating multimodal inputs, and generating realistic, scalable wildfire scenarios. We adopt a new paradigm that leverages large language models (LLMs) for literature synthesis, classification, and knowledge extraction, conducting a systematic review of recent studies applying generative AI to fire prediction and monitoring. We highlight how generative approaches uniquely address challenges faced by traditional simulation and deep-learning methods. Finally, we outline five key future directions for generative AI in wildfire management, including unified multimodal modeling of 2D and 3D dynamics, agentic AI systems and chatbots for decision intelligence, and real-time scenario generation on mobile devices, along with a discussion of critical challenges. Our findings advocate for a paradigm shift toward multimodal generative frameworks to support proactive, data-informed wildfire response.

The THz atmospheric limb sounder (TALIS) is a microwave radiometer developed by the National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for the detection of atmospheric trace gases. The observation range of the instrument mainly focuses on the middle and upper atmosphere (10–100 km above the earth’s surface). The detection targets include the temperature, pressure, and more than 10 kinds of atmospheric components. Its scientific goal is to improve our comprehension of atmospheric chemical composition and dynamics, and to monitor environmental pollution and sources in the atmosphere. The TALIS instrument is composed of an antenna, superheterodyne radiometers, and digital fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectrometers. By measuring the atmospheric thermal radiance in the wide frequency band with 118, 190, 240, and 643 GHz as the center frequency, the required volume mixing ratio (VMR) of atmospheric chemical species can be obtained. This paper introduces the characteristics of the TALIS instrument, and establishes a simulation model for the TALIS spectrometer. Through a joint simulation with an atmosphere radiative transfer simulator (ARTS), the TALIS instrument performance is evaluated from the aspects of calibration, the imbalance of two sidebands, the spectrum resolution, and quantization. The simulation results show that the two-point calibration can well-restore the radiance spectrum of the scene target and remove the influence of the spectral response function (SRF); the double side band (DSB) receiver with a 2 MHz resolution can meet the sensitivity and spectrum resolution requirements. Finally, the sensitivity errors of different quantization bits are given by the simulation and the results show that at 8-bit, the sensitivity and its degradation ratio are 1.251 K and 1.036 at a 2 MHz spectrum resolution and 100 ms integration time, respectively.

Focused exploration of earth‐abundant and cost‐efficient non‐noble metal electrocatalysts with superior hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance is very important for large‐scale and efficient electrolysis of water. Herein, a sandwich composite structure (designed as MS‐Mo2C@NCNS) of β‐Mo2C hollow nanotubes (HNT) and N‐doped carbon nanosheets (NCNS) is designed and prepared using a binary NaCl–KCl molten salt (MS) strategy for HER. The temperature‐dominant Kirkendall formation mechanism is tentatively proposed for such a three‐dimensional hierarchical framework. Due to its attractive structure and componential synergism, MS‐Mo2C@NCNS exposes more effective active sites, confers robust structural stability, and shows significant electrocatalytic activity/stability in HER, with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and an overpotential of only 98 mV in 1 M KOH. Density functional theory calculations point to the synergistic effect of Mo2C HNT and NCNS, leading to enhanced electronic transport and suitable adsorption free energies of H* (ΔGH*) on the surface of electroactive Mo2C. More significantly, the MS‐assisted synthetic methodology here provides an enormous perspective for the commercial development of highly active non‐noble metal electrocatalysts toward efficient hydrogen evolution. A sandwich‐structure hybrid of hollow β‐Mo2C nanotubes and N‐doped carbon nanosheets is smartly designed and scalably fabricated using a binary molten salt involved methodology for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction as a competitive electrocatalyst.

The spatial co-presence of aberrant long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and abnormal coding genes contributes to malignancy development in various tumors. However, precise coordinated mechanisms underlying this phenomenon in tumorigenesis remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that Prohibitin 2 (PHB2) orchestrates the transcription of an oncogenic CASC15-New-Isoform 2 ( CANT2 ) lncRNA and the coding tumor-suppressor gene CCBE1 , thereby accelerating melanoma tumorigenesis. In melanoma cells, PHB2 initially accesses the open chromatin sites at the CANT2 promoter, recruiting MLL2 to augment H3K4 trimethylation and activate CANT2 transcription. Intriguingly, PHB2 further binds the activated CANT2 transcript, targeting the promoter of the tumor-suppressor gene CCBE1 . This interaction recruits histone deacetylase HDAC1 to decrease H3K27 acetylation at the CCBE1 promoter and inhibit its transcription, significantly promoting tumor cell growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Our study elucidates a PHB2-mediated mechanism that orchestrates the aberrant transcription of lncRNAs and coding genes, providing an intriguing epigenetic regulatory model in tumorigenesis. The functional role of the co-presence of aberrant long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and coding genes in cancer remains poorly understood. Here, the transcriptional regulator Prohibitin 2 (PHB2) is shown to co-regulate the transcription of an oncogenic CASC15- New-Isoform 2 ( CANT2 ) lncRNA and the tumour-suppressor gene CCBE1 accelerating tumorigenesis of melanoma.

The three-stranded DNA-RNA triplex hybridization is involved in various biological processes, including gene expression regulation, DNA repair, and chromosomal stability. However, the DNA-RNA triplex mediating mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we show that peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA) serves as anchor to recruit GAU1 lncRNA by interacting with exon 4 of GAU1 and enhances the formation of SENP5/GAU1 DNA-lncRNA triplex. Intriguingly, TFR4 region of GAU1 exon 3 and TTS4 region of SENP5 promoter DNA constitute fragments forming the SENP5/GAU1 triplex. The SENP5/GAU1 triplex subsequently triggers the recruitment of the methyltransferase SET1A to exon 1 of GAU1 , leading to the enrichment of H3K4 trimethylation and the activation of SENP5 transcription for driving the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. Our study reveals a mechanism of PPIA-guided SENP5/GAU1 DNA-lncRNA triplex formation in tumorigenesis and providing a concept in the dynamics of isomerase assisted DNA-RNA hybridization. This study investigates the regulatory mechanisms of DNA-lncRNA triplexes, specifically their role in gastric cancer through the stable formation and precise oncogenic activity of the SENP5/GAU1 triplex. It shows how PPIA orchestrates the SENP5/GAU1 DNA-lncRNA triplex.

Due to the influence of the groundwater system, mountain rock layers, climate rainfall, and tunnel length and depth, underground tunnels (UT) are prone to water inrush (WI) disasters, thus leading to delays and obstacles in construction projects. This paper takes the Yonglian Tunnel as the research objective and explores the water and mud inrush disasters that occurred from July to August 2012. The Yonglian Tunnel is a control project of the Jilian Expressway in Jiangxi Province. This paper aims to study and analyze the WI disaster management of the UT using artificial intelligence technology, and to deepen the understanding of its causes. It will affect the factors, hazards, and related disaster management engineering methods of the UT WI disaster. By establishing a back-propagation neural network model and a radial basis function neural network model, the risk of WI disasters in tunnels, the degree of harm caused by WI, and the ability to control them were predicted and analyzed, and the stability and error values of the models were compared.

Purpose To examine the diagnostic advantages and clinical application value of the cinematic volume rendering technique (cVRT) when evaluating the relationship between the brachial plexus, peripheral tumor lesions, and blood vessels. Materials and methods Seventy-nine patients with brachial plexus tumors between November 2012 and July 2022 were enrolled in our study. All patients underwent T1WI, T2WI, three-dimensional short recovery time reversal recovery fast spin-echo imaging (3D-STIR-SPACE), and the T1WI enhancement sequence. In addition, cVRT was used to render and obtain a three-dimensional model that clearly showed the location and tissue structure of the brachial plexus nerves and the tumor in all directions. Results Seventy-one patients (mean age, 47.1 years; 33 males, 38 females) with tumors around the brachial plexus were included in the study. The brachial plexus nerve, surrounding tumor lesions, and vascular anatomy of all patients were well displayed with cVRT. The tumors of 37 patients manifested as unilateral or bilateral growths along the brachial plexus nerve and were fusiform, spherical, or multiple beaded; seven patients' tumors pushed against the brachial plexus nerve and were circular, lobular, or irregular; sixteen patients' tumors encircled the brachial plexus nerve and were spherical; and eleven patients' tumors infiltrated the brachial plexus nerve and had irregular morphology. The mass has a moderately uniform or uneven signal on T1WI and a high or mixed signal on T2WI. After enhancement, the signal was evenly or unevenly strengthened. Conclusions cVRT clearly showed the origin of tumors associated with the brachial plexus and their relationship with the nerves and peripheral blood vessels, providing reliable information for clinical diagnosis and treatment.