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"Xu, Huan"
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Groundwater pollution risk control from an industrial economics perspective : a case study on the Jilin section of the Songhua River
This book argues that groundwater pollution risk assessment is the essential foundation of groundwater pollution prevention and control. It is on this basis that economic leverage is used to make new breakthroughs in groundwater protection and governance. Presenting a case study on the Jilin Section of the Songhua River, the book applies the overlay index method to assess the shallow groundwater pollution risk and identify high-risk areas and major pollution sources in an effort to identify the mechanism of interaction between industrial structures and groundwater pollution. Further, it proposes concrete measures for preventing and controlling groundwater pollution from an industrial economics perspective. As such, the book offers a valuable resource for all graduate students, lecturers and researchers who are interested in learning about resources and environmental economics.
Book
Synergic Effect between Adsorption and Photocatalysis of Metal-Free g-C3N4 Derived from Different Precursors
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) used in this work was obtained by heating dicyandiamide and melamine, respectively, at different temperatures. The differences of g-C3N4 derived from different precursors in phase composition, functional group, surface morphology, microstructure, surface property, band gap and specific surface area were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy and BET surface area analyzer, respectively. The photocatalytic discoloration of an active cationic dye, Methylene Blue (MB) under visible-light irradiation indicated that g-C3N4 derived from melamine at 500°C (CN-M500) had higher adsorption capacity and better photocatalytic activity than that from dicyandiamide at 500°C (CN-D500), which was attributed to the larger surface area of CN-M500. MB discoloration ratio over CN-M500 was affected by initial MB concentration and photocatalyst dosage. After 120 min reaction time, the blue color of MB solution disappeared completely. Subsequently, based on the measurement of the surface Zeta potentials of CN-M500 at different pHs, an active anionic dye, Methyl Orange (MO) was selected as the contrastive target pollutant with MB to reveal the synergic effect between adsorption and photocatalysis. Finally, the photocatalytic mechanism was discussed.
Journal Article
Targeting NQO1/GPX4-mediated ferroptosis by plumbagin suppresses in vitro and in vivo glioma growth
BackgroundFerroptosis has attracted increasing interest in cancer therapy. Emerging evidences suggest that naturally occurring naphthoquinones exhibit potent anti-glioma effects via various mechanisms.MethodsThe anti-glioma effects of plumbagin were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Anti-glioma mechanism of plumbagin was studied by proteomics, flow cytometry, MDA assay, western blot, and RT-PCR. Gene knockdown/overexpression, molecular docking, PharmMappper database, and coimmunoprecipitation were used to study the targets of plumbagin.ResultsPlumbagin showed higher blood–brain barrier penetration ability than that of lapachol and shikonin and elicited significant growth inhibitory effects in vitro and in vivo. Ferroptosis was the main mechanism of plumbagin-induced cell death. Mechanistically, plumbagin significantly downregulated the protein and mRNA levels of xCT and decreased GPX4 protein levels. NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) was revealed as a plumbagin predictive target using PharmMappper database and molecular docking. Plumbagin enhanced NQO1 activity and decreased xCT expression, resulting in NQO1-dependent cell death. It also induced GPX4 degradation via the lysosome pathway and caused GPX4-dependent cell death.ConclusionsPlumbagin inhibited in vitro and in vivo glioma growth via targeting NQO1/GPX4-mediated ferroptosis, which might be developed as a novel ferroptosis inducer or anti-glioma candidate.
Journal Article
Aptamer-drug conjugate: targeted delivery of doxorubicin in a HER3 aptamer-functionalized liposomal delivery system reduces cardiotoxicity
The toxic side effects of doxorubicin (DOX) have limited its use in chemotherapy. Neither liposomal DOX nor pegylated liposomal DOX are able to completely resolve this issue. This is a proof-of-concept study testing aptamer-drug conjugate (ApDC) targeted delivery systems for chemotherapeutic drugs.
Aptamer library targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) was screened and affinity was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Specificity was tested in MCF-7
, BT474
, and 293T
cells using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. We further developed a HER3 aptamer-functionalized liposome encapsulating DOX and the efficiency of this ApDC was detected by cellular uptake analysis and cell viability assay. In MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice, tumor targeting evaluation, efficacy, toxicity and preliminary pharmocokinetic study was performed.
The candidate #13 aptamer had highest affinity (Kd =98±9.7 nM) and specificity. ApDC effectively reduces the half maximal inhibitory concentration of DOX compared with lipsome-DOX and free DOX. In vivo imaging and preliminary distribution studies showed that actively targeted nanoparticles, such as Apt-Lip-DOX molecules, could facilitate the delivery of DOX into tumors in MCF-7-bearing mice. This targeted chemotherapy caused greater tumor suppression than other groups and alleviated side effects such as weight loss, low survival rate, and organ (heart and liver) injury demonstrated by H&E staining.
The results indicate that targeted chemotherapy using the aptamer-drug conjugate format could provide better tolerability and efficacy compared with non-targeted delivery in relatively low-dose toxic drugs.
Journal Article
PPARγ inhibitors enhance the efficacy of statin therapy for steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by directly inhibiting apoptosis and indirectly modulating lipoprotein subfractions
Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is a serious bone disease commonly seen in patients on long-term glucocorticoid therapy. Although statins have shown some efficacy in improving lipid metabolism, their efficacy in the treatment of SONFH remains limited. PPARγ inhibitors may enhance the efficacy of statins through several mechanisms. This study aims to investigate how PPARγ inhibitors may enhance the effects of statins in the treatment of SONFH by directly inhibiting apoptosis and indirectly modulating lipoprotein subfractions.
We first treated osteoblasts in vitro with high concentrations of hormones to simulate the SONFH environment. We then treated the cells with either the PPARγ inhibitor GW9662, the statin lovastatin, or a combination of both. We assessed cell proliferation and apoptosis using CCK-8, flow cytometry and Western blotting. We then established a SONFH rabbit model using high doses of methylprednisolone and lipopolysaccharide. The rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: control group, lovastatin group, GW9662 group and combination therapy group. We observed hip joint MRI before treatment, after 4 weeks of treatment, and 4 weeks after stopping treatment. We performed hematoxylin-eosin staining of the femoral head and analysed serum lipoprotein subfractions using VAP technology. In addition, we used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to analyse the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism at week 3.
In vitro experiments showed that both GW9662 and lovastatin effectively inhibited hormone-induced apoptosis. In the animal studies, imaging and pathological results showed that the progression of SONFH was slower in the combination therapy group than in the other groups. VAP analysis showed that the lovastatin group had disturbed lipoprotein subfractions at the fourth week after stopping treatment, while the combination therapy group had more stable lipoprotein subfractions.
PPARγ inhibitors significantly enhance the efficacy of statins in the treatment of SONFH by directly inhibiting apoptosis and indirectly modulating lipoprotein subfractions. These findings provide new insights into the clinical management of SONFH and suggest that combination therapy may be an effective strategy.
Journal Article
Visible-light-driven peroxydisulfate activation by BiOI/g-C3N4 heterojunction for high-concentration dyes degradation: A comprehensive study
The synergy between photocatalysis and persulfate-based oxidation is an emerging strategy to improve the overall reaction efficiency of organic contaminants degradation. Constructing an appropriate semiconductor heterojunction can further magnify this synergic effect. Here, we firstly employed a flower-like BiOI/g-C
3
N
4
(BCN) with Z-scheme heterostructure to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) under visible light irradiation for the degradation of high-concentration Rhodamine B (RhB). The results revealed that the bifunctional BCN heterojunction could not only increase the photocatalytic activity but also enhance the persulfate-activated ability under visible light irradiation. The radical and non-radical oxidation pathways predominated over the RhB degradation. In the radical pathway,
1
O
2
and h
+
were the main reactive species. In the non-radical pathway, the mediated electron transfer and surface-bound reactions were supposed as the dominant mechanisms. Furthermore, it was of practical significance that the superior photocatalytic PDS activation performance appeared at pristine pH of dye solution with high concentration.
Graphical abstract
Journal Article
The relationship between post-diagnostic statin usage and breast cancer prognosis varies by hormone receptor phenotype: a systemic review and meta-analysis
Background
Preclinical studies and epidemiologic data had indicated statins had antineoplastic properties in breast cancer patients. Since breast cancer treatment is based on its phenotype, it is important to explore influence of post-diagnosis statin usage on breast cancer patients with different phenotypes.
Methods
We searched the related studies between inception and August, 2019 from MEDLINE and EMBASE. A total of 7 studies with 24,541 patients were identified. Stata/SE 15.0 and Review Manager 5.3 were used to analyze data. Inconsistency index was used to estimate heterogeneity. Begg’s and Egger’s regression test was used to examine publication bias.
Results
Overall post-diagnostic statin use was associated with improved recurrence free survival (recurrence free survival (RFS); hazard ratio (HR) 0.74; 95% confidential interval (95% CI) 0.57–0.98), overall survival (overall survival (OS); HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.31–0.91) and cancer-specific survival (cancer-specific survival (CSS); and HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.41–0.91). In hormone receptor positive patients, statin use was associated with improved CSS (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.65–0.84). No protective effect was found in either OS or RFS. In hormone receptor negative patients, statin was associated with reduced OS (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.34–3.59) and reduced RFS, but without statistical significance.
Conclusions
Post-diagnostic statin use was associated with improved RFS, OS and CSS in breast cancer patients. Subgroup analysis indicted that the benefits of statin usage varied from hormone receptor phenotype type. Prospective randomized trial with patients of different hormone receptor types might be needed to help identify which subtype of breast cancer patients would benefit from post-diagnostic statin usage.
Journal Article
Lipophagy mediated carbohydrate-induced changes of lipid metabolism via oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ChREBP/PPARγ pathways
High-carbohydrate diets (HCD) can induce the occurrence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by dramatic accumulation of hepatic lipid droplets (LDs). However, the potential molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy in the process of HCD-induced changes of hepatic lipid metabolism, and to examine the process of underlying mechanisms during these molecular contexts. We found that HCD significantly increased hepatic lipid accumulation and activated autophagy. Using primary hepatocytes, we found that HG increased lipid accumulation and stimulated the release of NEFA by autophagy-mediated lipophagy, and that lipophagy significantly alleviated high glucose (HG)-induced lipid accumulation. Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways played crucial regulatory roles in HG-induced lipophagy activation and HG-induced changes of lipid metabolism. Further investigation found that HG-activated lipophagy and HG-induced changes of lipid metabolism were via enhancing carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) DNA binding capacity at PPARγ promoter region, which in turn induced transcriptional activation of the key genes related to lipogenesis and autophagy. The present study, for the first time, revealed the novel mechanism for lipophagy mediating HCD-induced changes of lipid metabolism by oxidative stress and ER stress, and ChREBP/PPARγ pathways. Our study provided innovative evidence for the direct relationship between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism via ChREBP/PPARγ pathway.
Journal Article
Platelet Concentrates Preconditioning of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Combined Therapies: Integrating Regenerative Strategies for Enhanced Clinical Applications
This article presents a comprehensive review of the factors influencing the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation and its association with platelet concentrates (PCs). It focuses on investigating the impact of PCs’ composition, the age and health status of platelet donors, application methods, and environmental factors on the outcomes of relevant treatments. In addition, it delves into the strategies and mechanisms for optimizing MSCs transplantation with PCs, encompassing preconditioning and combined therapies. Furthermore, it provides an in-depth exploration of the signaling pathways and proteomic characteristics associated with preconditioning and emphasizes the efficacy and specific effects of combined therapy. The article also introduces the latest advancements in the application of biomaterials for optimizing regenerative medical strategies, stimulating scholarly discourse on this subject. Through this comprehensive review, the primary goal is to facilitate a more profound comprehension of the factors influencing treatment outcomes, as well as the strategies and mechanisms for optimizing MSCs transplantation and the application of biomaterials in regenerative medicine, offering theoretical guidance and practical references for related research and clinical practice.
Journal Article
Prediction of Students’ Performance Based on the Hybrid IDA-SVR Model
Students’ performance is an important factor for the evaluation of teaching quality in colleges. The aim of this study is to propose a novel intelligent approach to predict students’ performance using support vector regression (SVR) optimized by an improved duel algorithm (IDA). To the best of our knowledge, few research studies have been developed to predict students’ performance based on student behavior, and the novelty of this study is to develop a new hybrid intelligent approach in this field. According to the obtained results, the IDA-SVR model clearly outperformed the other models by achieving less mean square error (MSE). In other words, IDA-SVR with an MSE of 0.0089 has higher performance than DT with an MSE of 0.0326, SVR with an MSE of 0.0251, ANN with an MSE of 0.0241, and PSO-SVR with an MSE of 0.0117. To investigate the efficacy of IDA, other parameter optimization methods, that is, the direct determination method, grid search method, GA, FA, and PSO, are used for a comparative study. The results show that the IDA algorithm can effectively avoid the local optima and the blindness search and can definitely improve the speed of convergence to the optimal solution.
Journal Article