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\"وجوه لا تلتقيها مرتين\" يروي حكايات غير عادية عن أبطال عاديين، ربما تجدهم في مجتمعك بغض النظر عن طبيعة تكوين هذا المجتمع أو نطاقه الجغرافي أو خلفياته الثقافية والاقتصادية، وهو كتاب واقعي غير مثالي، تعرض فيه الصحفية الشهيرة لي يوان تشنغ الأحداث الخفية والتفاصيل المبهمة التي أفرزت التنمية الصينية الهائلة، والنقلة الاجتماعية كتجربة غير مسبوقة، ولكن من منظور إنساني، فهو لا يتطرق إلى استراتيجيات ولا سياسات ولا خطط خمسية، بل يركز على الفرد، كونه إنسانا فحسب.

Artificial intelligence (AI) with deep learning models has been widely applied in numerous domains, including medical imaging and healthcare tasks. In the medical field, any judgment or decision is fraught with risk. A doctor will carefully judge whether a patient is sick before forming a reasonable explanation based on the patient’s symptoms and/or an examination. Therefore, to be a viable and accepted tool, AI needs to mimic human judgment and interpretation skills. Specifically, explainable AI (XAI) aims to explain the information behind the black-box model of deep learning that reveals how the decisions are made. This paper provides a survey of the most recent XAI techniques used in healthcare and related medical imaging applications. We summarize and categorize the XAI types, and highlight the algorithms used to increase interpretability in medical imaging topics. In addition, we focus on the challenging XAI problems in medical applications and provide guidelines to develop better interpretations of deep learning models using XAI concepts in medical image and text analysis. Furthermore, this survey provides future directions to guide developers and researchers for future prospective investigations on clinical topics, particularly on applications with medical imaging.

SARS-CoV-2 infection is an initial factor to cause host damage. [...]it is speculated that the damage of early patients is mainly related to the direct attack of the virus on the host, antiviral therapy early might be a useful strategy for preventing disease from progressing into severe or critical cases. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids seem to be a valuable therapeutic strategy for anti-inflammatory to reduce severe COVID-19-related illness in the outpatient stage of COVID-19. [...]as shown in Fig. 1, we recommend “bi-anti” (antiviral and anti-inflammatory simultaneously) therapy in an outpatient setting at the early stages of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. SEE PDF] Overall, SARS-CoV-2 infection is only the initiating factor of the COVID-19, and the host’s immune response induced by SARS-CoV-2 is the key factor resulting in the disease progression. [...]we propose the concept of “bi-anti” at the mild/moderate stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection to prevent the COVID-19 from developing into severe or critical disease.

[...]a well-designed TB screening strategy involving the government, medical institutions and society is difficult to realize. [...]the detection and diagnosis of TB is relatively insufficient in China. Finding a universal TB screening strategy is a top priority for TB control in China. Since the end of 2019, COVID-19 has caused profound economic and social disruption worldwide, and countries have adopted different prevention and control strategies.

Constructing flexible and robust thermally conductive but electrically insulating composite films for efficient and safe thermal management has always been a sought-after research topic. Herein, a nacre-inspired high-performance poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (PBO)/MXene nanocomposite film was prepared by a sol-gel-film conversion method with a homogeneous gelation process. Because of the as-formed optimized brick and mortar structure, and the strong bridging and caging effects of the fine PBO nanofibre network on the MXene nanosheets, the resulting nanocomposite film is electrically insulating (2.5 × 10 9  Ω cm), and exhibits excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength of 416.7 MPa, Young’s modulus of 9.1 GPa and toughness of 97.3 MJ m −3 ). More importantly, the synergistic orientation of PBO nanofibres and MXene nanosheets endows the film with an in-plane thermal conductivity of 42.2 W m −1 K −1 . The film also exhibits excellent thermal stability and flame retardancy. This work broadens the ideas for preparing high-performance thermally conductive but electrically insulating composites. Constructing thermally conductive but electrically insulating composites remains a challenge. Here, Ti 3 C 2 MXene is combined in a nacre-like structure with the polymer PBO to form such materials, also exhibiting high thermal stability and flame retardancy.

Key Points The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process results in the downregulation of epithelial, and activation of mesenchymal, cell characteristics and behaviour. This transdifferentiation process is initially reversible, with mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) enabling reversion to an epithelial phenotype. Both epithelial and endothelial cells can transition into a mesenchymal phenotype. EMT is integral in development, starting with the generation of mesoderm, and consecutive waves of EMT and MET occur in the generation of diverse cell types and tissues. EMT is pathologically reactivated in, and contributes to, the progression of fibrosis and cancer. In carcinomas, EMT has been associated with the generation of invasive cells and acquisition of cancer stem cell properties. EMT is initiated by the deconstruction of epithelial cell–cell junctions and apical–basal polarity, subsequently enabling the cells to establish a front–rear polarity, which is required for directional migration. Further changes in cell adhesion and membrane extrusions contribute to the increased cell motility following EMT. Integral in the EMT process is the reprogramming of gene expression, that is, the repression of an epithelial gene expression pattern and the activation of genes that contribute to EMT and the mesenchymal phenotype. EMT-associated gene reprogramming involves key transcription factors with central roles in driving this transdifferentiation process. Superimposed on the changes in gene expression are extensive and selective alterations in the splicing patterns of nascent transcripts, which are mediated by changes in splicing factor expression. In addition, an extensive network of microRNAs (miRNAs) represses the expression of EMT transcription factors and other targets; in some cases, miRNAs regulate EMT and MET through functional feedback mechanisms. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family proteins are potent inducers of EMT, partly through the SMAD-mediated activation of EMT transcription factor expression and the subsequent SMAD-mediated control of their transcription activities. TGFβ family proteins also activate complementary non-SMAD signalling pathways that contribute to the induction and progression of EMT. EMT is elaborated through the functional cooperation of signalling pathways that can be activated by diverse extracellular signals. These pathways converge at multiple levels, including at the level of gene reprogramming. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is integral to development and pathology. This switch in cell differentiation and behaviour requires key transcription factors, including SNAIL, zinc-finger E-box-binding (ZEB) and basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors, and is regulated by several signalling pathways, including those mediated by the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family. The transdifferentiation of epithelial cells into motile mesenchymal cells, a process known as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), is integral in development, wound healing and stem cell behaviour, and contributes pathologically to fibrosis and cancer progression. This switch in cell differentiation and behaviour is mediated by key transcription factors, including SNAIL, zinc-finger E-box-binding (ZEB) and basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors, the functions of which are finely regulated at the transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. The reprogramming of gene expression during EMT, as well as non-transcriptional changes, are initiated and controlled by signalling pathways that respond to extracellular cues. Among these, transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family signalling has a predominant role; however, the convergence of signalling pathways is essential for EMT.

Biodegradable Mg‐based metals may be promising orthopedic implants for treating challenging bone diseases, attributed to their desirable mechanical and osteopromotive properties. This Review summarizes the current status and future research trends for Mg‐based orthopedic implants. First, the properties between Mg‐based implants and traditional orthopedic implants are compared on the following aspects: in vitro and in vivo degradation mechanisms of Mg‐based implants, peri‐implant bone responses, the fate of the degradation products, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of Mg ions on osteogenesis. Then, the preclinical studies conducted at the low weight bearing sites of animals are introduced. The innovative strategies (for example, via designing Mg‐containing hybrid systems) are discussed to address the limitations of Mg‐based metals prior to their clinical applications at weight‐bearing sites. Finally, the available clinical studies are summarized and the challenges and perspectives of Mg‐based orthopedic implants are discussed. Taken together, the progress made on the development of Mg‐based implants in basic, translational, and clinical research has laid down a foundation for developing a new era in the treatment of challenging and prevalent bone diseases. This Review summarizes the current status and future research trends for Mg‐based or containing orthopedic implants. The progress made on the development of Mg‐based or containing implants in basic, translational, and clinical research can lay down a foundation for opening a new era to improve clinical healing outcomes in the treatment of challenging bone diseases.

As the pace of enterprise digital transformation accelerates, intellectual capital (IC) has become a core driving force of gaining market competitive advantages and enhancing value creation capabilities. The paper aims to investigate the impact of IC and its components on financial performance of Chinese ecological protection and environmental governance companies during 2018–2021. In addition, the moderating effect of digital transformation between them is examined. IC is measured by the modified value added intellectual coefficient (MVAIC) model, and the measurement of digital transformation is based on text mining. The results suggest that IC can improve firm financial performance, especially during COVID-19. Physical capital, human capital (HC), and relational capital (RC) positively affect financial performance, while structural and innovation capitals have no significant impact. In addition, digital transformation strengthens the positive relationship between IC and its two elements (HC and RC) and financial performance. Heterogeneous analysis finds that the relationship between RC and innovation capital and financial performance is positive before COVID-19, and it is not significant during COVID-19. For highly leveraged companies, structural capital negatively affects financial performance, and RC has a positive impact. These impacts are not significant for low leveraged companies. This paper provides some new insights for managers who seek new ways to improve firm performance in the process of digital transformation.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impacts of research and development (R&D) investment and environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance on green innovation performance. This paper also investigates the moderating effect of ESG performance between R&D investment and green innovation performance. Design/methodology/approach The study uses the data of 223 Chinese listed companies over the period 2015–2018. The ESG indices issued by SynTao Green Finance are used to measure ESG performance. Green innovation performance is measured by the total number of green patents, the number of green invention patents and the number of green non-invention patents. Finally, multiple regression analysis is applied to test the research hypotheses. Findings The results show that R&D investment has a positive impact on green innovation performance and ESG performance can increase the number of green invention patents. In addition, ESG performance moderates the relationship between R&D investment and green innovation performance. Practical implications The findings may help managers and policymakers in developing countries to make ecological innovation strategies to achieve corporate sustainability. Originality/value This is the first study to examine the impacts of R&D investment and ESG performance on green innovation performance in the context of China, an emerging market.