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The global rise in obesity and diabetes has been paralleled by a rising incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Although previous studies have explored the association between body roundness index (BRI) and MASLD, the specific relationship in non-diabetic Japanese adults requires further investigation. This study analyzed data from 15,299 participants enrolled in the NAGALA cohort (2004–2015) to explore the association between BRI and MASLD through multivariable logistic regression, stratified analysis, and restricted cubic spline modeling. The prevalence of MASLD was 14.46%, with 13.73% occurring in non-obese individuals (BMI < 30). After adjusting for all confounding factors, BRI demonstrated a significant association with MASLD, yielding an adjusted odds ratio of 1.72 (95% CI 1.48–1.99). The restricted cubic spline model revealed a nonlinear relationship, with an inflection point at 3.06. Stratified analyses revealed stronger associations in individuals with lower BMI (≤ 24 kg/m 2 ).

Micro-expressions are difficult to fake and inherently truthful, making micro-expression recognition technology widely applicable across various domains. With the development of artificial intelligence, the accuracy and efficiency of micro-expression recognition systems have been significantly improved. However, the short duration and subtle facial movement changes present significant challenges to real-time recognition and accuracy. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel micro-expression recognition method based on the Vision Transformer. First, a new model called HTNet with LAPE (hierarchical transformer network with learnable absolute position embedding) is introduced to improve the model’s capacity for capturing subtle facial features, thereby enhancing the accuracy of micro-expression recognition. Second, an entropy-based selection agent attention is proposed to reduce the model parameters and computational effort while preserving its learning capability. Finally, a diffusion model is utilized for data augmentation to expand the micro-expression sample size, further enhancing the model’s generalization, accuracy, and robustness. Extensive experiments conducted on multiple datasets validate the framework’s effectiveness and highlight its potential in real-world applications.

Deepfake technology, which encompasses various video manipulation techniques implemented through deep learning algorithms-such as face swapping and expression alteration-has advanced to generate fake videos that are increasingly difficult for human observers to detect, posing significant threats to societal security. Existing methods for detecting deepfake videos aim to identify such manipulated content to effectively prevent the spread of misinformation. However, these methods often suffer from limited generalization capabilities, exhibiting poor performance when detecting fake videos outside of their training datasets. Moreover, research on the precise localization of manipulated regions within deepfake videos is limited, primarily due to the absence of datasets with fine-grained annotations that specify which regions have been manipulated.To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel spatial-based training method that does not require fake samples to detect spatial manipulations in deepfake videos. By employing a technique that combines multi-part local displacement deformation and fusion, we generate more diverse deepfake feature data, enhancing the detection accuracy of specific manipulation methods while producing mixed-region labels to guide manipulation localization. We utilize the Swin-Unet model for manipulation localization detection, incorporating classification loss functions, local difference loss functions, and manipulation localization loss functions to effectively improve the precision of localization and detection.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed spatial-based training method without fake samples effectively simulates the features present in real datasets. Our method achieves satisfactory detection accuracy on datasets such as FF++, Celeb-DF, and DFDC, while accurately localizing the manipulated regions. These findings indicate the effectiveness of the proposed self-blending method and model in deepfake video detection and manipulation localization.

Gastrodin is the main bioactive metabolite of Gastrodia elata Blume of traditional Chinese medicine, which has pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, vasoprotective, hypoglycemic, lipotropic, analgesic, anticancer, antiviral and so on, and it has been widely used in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, especially neurological disorders. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is defined as transient or permanent ischemia of brain tissue that is further exacerbated by restoration of blood supply. Due to the complexity of the pathological processes of CIRI, current treatments have not shown the expected effects. More and more researchers are beginning to turn their focus on combating CIRI to natural metabolites derived from botanical drugs. This review provides an overview of the progress of research on the chemical composition, pharmacokinetics, safety, and pharmacological effects of Gastrodin in the treatment of CIRI. It aims to emphasize the important pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Gastrodin in the prevention and treatment of CIRI, and to provide reference for further drug research and development, as well as the future application of Gastrodin in CIRI. A systematic literature search was conducted using keywords such as \"Gastrodin,\" \"traditional Chinese medicine,\" \"chemical components,\" \"metabolites,\" \"cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury,\" \"CIRI,\" and \"pharmacological effects\" to identify relevant literature published from the establishment of the database to January 2025. Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and CNKI were utilized. Raw data were included in clinical trials and animal experiments. Other studies, such as reviews and systematic evaluations, were excluded. GAS can prevent and treat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced neurological injury by regulating a variety of molecular signals, exerting pharmacological effects such as anti-oxidative stress, inhibition of inflammatory response, inhibition of cell death, modulation of neurotransmitters, alleviation of neurotoxicity, promotion of neural repair, protection of the blood-brain barrier, and alleviation of cerebral edema, making it a potential natural metabolite for the effective treatment of CIRI. Gastrodin has significant value in the treatment of CIRI and there is extensive evidence to support its use in CIRI. Further research and clinical exploration of Gastrodin is necessary to fully utilize its therapeutic potential.

The development of high-speed intelligent rail transit has increased the number of sensors applied on trains. These play an important role in train state control and monitoring. These sensors generally work in a severe environment, so the key problem for sensor data acquisition is to ensure data accuracy and reliability. In this paper, we follow the sequence of sensor signal flow, present sensor signal sensing technology, sensor data acquisition, and processing technology, as well as sensor fault diagnosis technology based on the voltage, current, speed, and temperature sensors which are commonly used in train traction systems. Finally, intelligent sensors and future research directions of rail transit train sensors are discussed.

The three most important agronomic traits of rice (Oryza sativa), yield, plant height, and flowering time, are controlled by many quantitative trait loci (QTLs). In this study, a newly identified QTL, DTH8 (QTL for days to heading on chromosome 8), was found to regulate these three traits in rice. Map-based cloning reveals that DTH8 encodes a putative HAP3 subunit of the CCAAT-box-binding transcription factor and the complementary experiment increased significantly days to heading, plant height, and number of grains per panicle in CSSL61 (a chromosome segment substitution line that carries the nonfunctional DTH8 allele) with the Asominori functional DTH8 allele under long-day conditions. DTH8 is expressed in most tissues and its protein is localized to the nucleus exclusively. The quantitative real-time PCR assay revealed that DTH8 could down-regulate the transcriptions of Ehd1 (for Early heading date1) and Hd3a (for Heading date3a; a rice ortholog of FLOWERING LOCUS T) under long-day conditions. Ehd1 and Hd3a can also be down-regulated by the photoperiodic flowering genes Ghd7 and Hd1 (a rice ortholog of CONSTANS). Meanwhile, the transcription of DTH8 has been proved to be independent of Ghd7 and Hd1, and the natural mutation of this gene caused weak photoperiod sensitivity and shorter plant height. Taken together, these data indicate that DTH8 probably plays an important role in the signal network of photoperiodic flowering as a novel suppressor as well as in the regulation of plant height and yield potential.

Background Dental implantation has emerged as the predominant approach for the replacement of missing teeth. Nevertheless, the resorption of alveolar bone occurs progressively following tooth loss, leading to varying perspectives regarding the application of bone augmentation techniques for standard-length implants versus the direct utilization of shorter implants. This study employs finite element analysis (FEA) to assess a typical Bicon short implant system, with the objective of determining the most effective implant for the posterior mandibular region with type II bone. Methods Eight three-dimensional finite element models were developed using three different diameters of Bicon implants (4.5 mm, 5 mm, and 6 mm) and three varying lengths (5 mm, 6 mm, and 8 mm). Each model comprised an implant-restoration system along with an alveolar bone block. Following the assembly of these components, vertical loads of 100 N and inclined loads of 50 N were applied to analyze the stress distribution within the implant-restoration system under both static and cyclic loading conditions. Results Static analysis revealed that local stress increases within the Bicon implant-restoration system manifest at several critical interfaces. These included the contact zones between the bite force and the crown, the crown and the abutment, the abutment and the inner edge of the implant, as well as the outer edge of the implant and the alveolar bone. Furthermore, dynamic and fatigue analyses corroborated the stress distribution patterns observed in the static analysis across each abutment-implant complex. The highest concentration of stress was located beneath the hemispherical base of the abutment, extending to the interface between the abutment and the implant. Despite theoretically infinite cyclic loading, the overall fatigue safety factor (SF) was significantly reduced but did not fall below 1, indicating that the abutment-implant complex maintained its structural integrity. For the Bicon short implant utilized in type II bone within the mandibular posterior region, the optimal dimensions were determined to be 6 mm by 5 mm. Conclusions The results obtained from dynamic and fatigue testing can serve as both confirmation and complement of the outcomes derived from static load analysis in subsequent investigations, while the static assessments are commonly employed to identify critical regions where implant-restoration system may be prone to failure. Therefore, the design and clinical evaluation of implant-restoration systems should focus on these high-risk regions. Under specific conditions, Bicon short implants have the potential to attain a satisfactory service life in clinical applications.

Rapid heavy metal soil surveys at large scale with high sampling density could not be conducted with traditional laboratory physical and chemical analyses because of the high cost, low efficiency and heavy workload involved. This study explored a rapid approach to assess heavy metals contamination in 301 farmland soils from Fuyang in Zhejiang Province, in the southern Yangtze River Delta, China, using portable proximal soil sensors. Portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (PXRF) was used to determine soil heavy metals total concentrations while soil pH was predicted by portable visible-near infrared spectroscopy (PVNIR). Zn, Cu and Pb were successfully predicted by PXRF (R2 >0.90 and RPD >2.50) while As and Ni were predicted with less accuracy (R2 <0.75 and RPD <1.40). The pH values were well predicted by PVNIR. Classification of heavy metals contamination grades in farmland soils was conducted based on previous results; the Kappa coefficient was 0.87, which showed that the combination of PXRF and PVNIR was an effective and rapid method to determine the degree of pollution with soil heavy metals. This study provides a new approach to assess soil heavy metals pollution; this method will facilitate large-scale surveys of soil heavy metal pollution.

Serine proteases (SPs) and their homologs (SPHs) are among the best-characterized gene families. They are involved in several physiological processes, including digestion, embryonic development and immunity. In the current study, a total of 177 SPs-related genes were characterized in the genome of Ostrinia furnacalis . The activation site of SPs/SPHs and enzyme specificity of SPs were identified, and the findings showed that most of the SPs analyzed possessed trypsin substrate specificity. Several SPs/SPHs with similar simple gene structures had tandem repeat-like distributions on the scaffold, indicated that gene expansion has occurred in this large family. Furthermore, we constructed 30 RNA sequencing libraries including four with developmental stage and four middle larval stage tissues to study the transcript levels of these genes. Differentially upregulated and downregulated genes were obtained via data analysis. More than one-quarter of the genes were specifically identified as highly expressed in the midgut in compared to the other three tissues evaluated. In the current study, the domain structure, gene location and phylogenetic relationship of genes in O. furnacalis were explored. Orthologous comparisons of SPs/SPHs between model insects and O. furnacalis indicated their possible functions. This information provides a basis for understanding the functional roles of this large family.

The prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal mucosal injury caused by a plateau hypoxic environment is a clinical conundrum due to the unclear mechanism of this syndrome; however, oxidative stress and microbiota dysbiosis may be involved. The Robinia pseudoacacia L. flower, homologous to a functional food, exhibits various pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and hemostatic activities. An increasing number of studies have revealed that plant exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs) can improve the intestinal microbiota and exert antioxidant effects. In this study, the oral administration of Robinia pseudoacacia L. flower exosome-like nanoparticles (RFELNs) significantly ameliorated hypoxia-induced gastric and small intestinal mucosal injury in mice by downregulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-2α expression and inhibiting hypoxia-mediated ferroptosis. In addition, oral RFELNs partially improved hypoxia-induced microbial and metabolic disorders of the stomach and small intestine. Notably, RFELNs displayed specific targeting to the gastrointestinal tract. In vitro experiments using gastric and small intestinal epithelial cell lines showed that cell death caused by elevated HIF-1α and HIF-2α under 1% O 2 mainly occurred via ferroptosis. RFELNs obviously inhibited HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression and downregulated the expression of NOX4 and ALOX5, which drive reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation, respectively, suppressing ferroptosis under hypoxia. In conclusion, our findings underscore the potential of oral RFELNs as novel, naturally derived agents targeting the gastrointestinal tract, providing a promising therapeutic approach for hypoxia-induced gastric and small intestinal mucosal ferroptosis. Graphical Abstract