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Objective To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of autologous femoral head structural bone grafting in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) for adult developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 22 patients (30 hips) with DDH who underwent primary cementless THA utilizing autologous femoral head structural bone grafting between August 2014 and July 2024. Perioperative parameters (operative time, intraoperative blood loss), functional outcomes (Harris Hip Score (HHS)), and radiographic outcomes (vertical and horizontal displacement of the hip rotation center relative to the teardrop, limb length discrepancy (LLD) in unilateral cases, Wiberg center-edge (CE) angle, acetabular component coverage, graft coverage) were quantified. Complications were recorded throughout follow-up. Results The cohort comprised 5 males and 17 females, mean age 51.73 ± 7.66 years (range: 33–63 years), including 14 unilateral (6 left, 8 right) and 8 bilateral cases. Mean follow-up was 62.4 ± 40.45 months (range: 12–120 months). Mean operative time was 130.67 ± 30.92 minutes (range: 85–195 min); mean intraoperative blood loss was 423.33 ± 253.5 mL (range: 100–1400 mL). The mean HHS improved significantly from 47.77 ± 7.16 preoperatively to 91.20 ± 5.24 at final follow-up (P < 0.0001). Significant restoration of the hip center was achieved: vertical distance decreased from 4.55 ± 1.48 cm to 2.78 ± 0.80 cm, horizontal distance decreased from 6.97 ±1.88 cm to 3.44 ± 0.67 cm (both P < 0.0001). Unilateral LLD was reduced from 25.45 ± 14.05 mm to 5.29 ± 2.91 mm (P ＜ 0.0001). The CE angle increased significantly from 11.53 ± 4.70° to 41.90 ± 4.59° (P < 0.0001). Acetabular component coverage was 96–100% (mean 97.80% ± 1.13%); graft coverage was 19–48% (mean 34.34% ± 7.44%). All grafts demonstrated complete consolidation without collapse or resorption. Surgical incisions healed uneventfully. No complications including periprosthetic infection, loosening, dislocation, or thromboembolic events occurred during follow-up. Conclusion In primary THA for adult DDH, autologous femoral head structural bone grafting achieves effective biological reconstruction of the hip center, provides high acetabular component coverage, corrects limb length discrepancy, and significantly restores hip function. The technique demonstrated reliable graft osseointegration and favorable clinical outcomes at early- to mid-term follow-up.

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases at present, and insulin pen injection therapy plays an important role in the treatment of diabetes. However, the majority of patients might reuse disposable insulin pen needles for various reasons, which leads to related complications. As far as we know, this article is the first to describe a patient whose needle remained in the right upper limb while reusing a disposable insulin injection needle for subcutaneous insulin injection with the non‐dominant hand. The patient went to the doctor 1 week later. The needle moved from the lateral area of the proximal upper arm (the injection site) to the posterolateral area of the distal upper arm. The needle was then successfully removed by surgery. The reuse of disposable insulin pen needles might lead to serious complications. It is suggested to strengthen the education of people living with diabetes to help them use insulin pen needles safely. A needle remaining in the patient's body is a theoretically possible, but rare, complication, and no case has been reported in the literature so far. In this article, we first present a case of a reused disposable insulin pen needle remaining in the patient's body, and the needle was successfully removed by surgery.

A taxonomic revision and redescription of the genus Eurymesosa Breuning, 1938 are presented, including a key to species. Three of the five currently accepted species are considered valid: Eurymesosa ventralis (Pascoe, 1865), Eurymesosa allapsa (Pascoe, 1866) and Eurymesosa ziranzhiyi Yamasako & Lin, 2016. Three junior synonyms are proposed for E. ventralis : Eurymesosa albostictica Breuning, 1962, syn. nov. , Eurymesosa affinis Breuning, 1970, syn. nov. , and Eurymesosa multinigromaculata Breuning, 1974, syn. nov. Additionally, E. allapsa (Pascoe, 1866) is resurrected from synonyms of E. ventralis . Females of E. allapsa and E. ziranzhiyi Yamasako & Lin, 2016 are described for the first time.

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway serves a key role in the pathogenesis of liver cancer. To investigate the association between TGF-β1 and the following proteins: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), gankyrin, general vesicular transport factor p115 (p115), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and survivin, HepG2 liver cancer cells were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against TGF-β1, or were treated with exogenous TGF-β1. TGF-β1 protein expression levels were assessed at 72 and 96 h using western blotting, cell growth was evaluated using a Cell Counting kit-8 assay, and flow cytometry was used to examine cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. In addition, PCNA, gankyrin, p115, XIAP and survivin protein levels were evaluated using western blotting. TGF-β1 protein expression levels were decreased at 72 and 96 h following siRNA transfection, indicating that the siRNA against TGF-β1 was effective. In the TGF-β1-knockdown group, the HepG2 cells exhibited G1 or S-phase cell cycle arrest; therefore, the number of G2-phase cells was decreased, cell growth was inhibited and apoptotic peaks were observed. By contrast, no significant alteration in cell cycle distribution or apoptosis was observed in the cells treated with exogenous TGF-β1. In the exogenous TGF-β1 group, PCNA and XIAP protein expression levels were increased, whereas gankyrin, p115 and survivin protein expression was observed to be dependent on the duration of treatment. By contrast, PCNA, gankyrin, XIAP and survivin protein expression decreased following TGF-β1 knockdown; however, p115 protein expression increased. In conclusion, the TGF-β1 signaling pathway may affect cell growth, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis through the regulation of PCNA, gankyrin, p115, XIAP and survivin protein expression in liver cancer. The results of the present study may improve the current understanding of the role of the TGF-β signaling pathway during the pathogenesis of liver cancer.

The tumorigenesis and maintenance of a cancer cells is dependent upon the collaboration of multiple signaling pathways. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and β-catenin are at the center of multiple cancer-associated signaling pathways; therefore, simultaneously targeting STAT3 and β-catenin may be a potential cancer treatment, leading to induced lethality of cancer cells. In the present study, HepG2 liver cancer cells were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against β-catenin and STAT3 alone or in combination. The cell growth was assessed using an MTT assay and the levels of cell apoptosis were detected using flow cytometry. Protein levels of caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and cleaved PARP were determined using western blot analysis. Following siRNA transfection, β-catenin and STAT3 protein levels decreased at 72 h. HepG2 cell growth inhibition and early apoptosis in the β-catenin and STAT3 siRNA co-transfection group were significantly greater than those in the groups transfected with β-catenin or STAT3 siRNA alone. Decreased caspase-3 and PARP levels, as well as enhanced cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP were observed in the β-catenin and STAT3 co-transfection group. Simultaneous silencing of β-catenin and STAT3 using siRNAs resulted in an enhanced loss of cell viability and induction of apoptosis in HepG2 liver cancer cells, suggesting that these genes are promising targets for the further preclinical and clinical development of anti-cancer therapeutic strategies, which target several cancer signaling pathways simultaneously.

Background The hyperpronation (HP) maneuver, known for its high success rate in reducing radial head subluxation after initial treatment failure, has gained significant favor among surgeons over the traditional supination-flexion (SF) maneuver. Despite its perceived advantages, the optimal treatment approach remains a topic of debate in the medical community due to uncertainties surrounding repeat and crossover reduction outcomes. Further research and clinical assessments are needed to establish a definitive treatment protocol ensuring optimal patient outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to compare the efficacy of HP and SF maneuvers following unsuccessful initial treatments for radial head subluxation. Methods A thorough search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to May 13, 2024 was conducted. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool evaluated study quality, and RevMan 5.3 facilitated systematic review calculations. Subgroup analyses explored reasons for heterogeneity by considering second reduction attempts with crossover and repeat maneuvers. Sensitivity analyses using fixed and random effects models were performed for ambiguous decisions. Results Nine studies with 170 patients were analyzed. The success rate for the second reduction was significantly higher with HP (OR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.18 to 5.20, P  = 0.02) compared to SF. Repeat maneuver success rate for the second reduction also favored HP (OR = 3.79, 95% CI 1.57 to 9.16, P <0.01). However, no significant difference was found in the success rate of the crossover maneuver for the second reduction (OR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.16 to 3.47, P  = 0.71). Conclusion The initial reduction method was unclear, possibly favoring HP over SF following initial treatment failure for radial head subluxation in children. When the initial reduction technique is clear, the choice between HP and SF for second reduction can be adjusted based on the physician’s proficiency in the method and the patient’s cooperation.

We recently reported that zacopride is a selective inward rectifier potassium current （IK1 ） channel agonist, suppressing ventricular arrhythmias without affecting atrial arrhythmias. The present study aimed to investigate the unique pharmacological properties of zacopride. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to study IK1 currents in rat atrial myocytes and Kir2.x currents in human embryonic kidney （HEK）-293 cells transfected with inward rectifier potassium channel （Kir）2.1, Kir2.2, Kir2.3, or mutated Kir2.1 （at phosphorylation site S425L）. Western immunoblots were performed to estimate the relative protein expression levels of Kir2.x in rat atria and ventricles. Results showed that zacopride did not affect the IK1 and transmembrane potential of atrial myocytes. In HEK293 cells, zacopride increased Kir2.1 homomeric channels by 40.7%±9.7% at 50 mV, but did not affect Kir2.2 and Kir2.3 homomeric channels, and Kir2.1-Kir2.2, Kir2.1-Kir2.3 and Kir2.2-Kir2.3 heteromeric channels. Western immunoblots showed that similar levels of Kir2.3 protein were expressed in rat atria and ventricles, but atrial Kir2.1 protein level was only 25% of that measured in the ventricle. In addition, 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） 3 receptor was undetectable, whereas 5-HT 4 receptor was weakly expressed in HEK293 cells. The Kir2.1-activating effect of zacopride in these cells was abolished by inhibition of protein kinase A （PKA）, but not PKC or PKG. Furthermore, zacopride did not activate the mutant Kir2.1 channel in HEK293 cells but selectively activated the Kir2.1 homomeric channel via a PKA-dependent pathway, independent to that of the 5-HT receptor.

The tumorigenesis and maintenance of a cancer cells is dependent upon the collaboration of multiple signaling pathways. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and β-catenin are at the center of multiple cancer-associated signaling pathways; therefore, simultaneously targeting STAT3 and β-catenin may be a potential cancer treatment, leading to induced lethality of cancer cells. In the present study, Hep[G.sub.2] liver cancer cells were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against β-catenin and STAT3 alone or in combination. The cell growth was assessed using an MTT assay and the levels of cell apoptosis were detected using flow cytometry. Protein levels of caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and cleaved PARP were determined using western blot analysis. Following siRNA transfection, β-catenin and STAT3 protein levels decreased at 72 h. Hep[G.sub.2] cell growth inhibition and early apoptosis in the β-catenin and STAT3 siRNA co-transfection group were significantly greater than those in the groups transfected with β-catenin or STAT3 siRNA alone. Decreased caspase-3 and PARP levels, as well as enhanced cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP were observed in the β-catenin and STAT3 co-transfection group. Simultaneous silencing of β-catenin and STAT3 using siRNAs resulted in an enhanced loss of cell viability and induction of apoptosis in Hep[G.sub.2] liver cancer cells, suggesting that these genes are promising targets for the further preclinical and clinical development of anti-cancer therapeutic strategies, which target several cancer signaling pathways simultaneously.

Oral rinses containing chemotherapeutic agents, such as cetylpyridinium chloride （CPC）, can alleviate plaque-induced gingival infections, but how oral microbiota respond to these treatments in human population remains poorly understood. Via a double- blinded, randomised controlled trial of 91 subjects, the impact of CPC-containing oral rinses on supragingival plaque was investigated in experimental gingivitis, where the subjects, after a 21-day period of dental prophylaxis to achieve healthy gingivae, received either CPC rinses or water for 21 days. Within-subject temporal dynamics of plaque microbiota and symptoms of gingivitis were profiled via 16S ribosomal DNA gene pyrosequencing and assessment with the Mazza gingival index. Cetylpyridinium chloride conferred gingival benefits, as progression of gingival inflammation resulting from a lack of dental hygiene was significantly slower in the mouth rinse group than in the water group due to inhibition of 17 gingivitis-enriched bacterial genera. Tracking of plaque a and β diversity revealed that CPC treatment prevents acquisition of new taxa that would otherwise accumulate but maintains the original biodiversity of healthy plaques. Furthermore, CPC rinses reduced the size, local connectivity and microbiota-wide connectivity of the bacterial correlation network, particularly for nodes representing gingivitis- enriched taxa. The findings of this study provide mechanistic insights into the impact of oral rinses on the progression and maturation of dental plaque in the natural human population.

The human microbiome is defined as the microorganisms that reside in or on the human body, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their genomes. The human microbiome participates in the modulation of human metabolism by influencing several intricate pathways. The association between specific bacteria or viruses and the efficacy of cancer treatments and the occurrence of treatment-related toxicity in cancer patients has been reported. However, the understanding of the interaction between the host microbiome and the cancer treatment response is limited, and the microbiome potentially plays a greater role in the treatment of cancer than reported to date. Here, we provide a thorough review of the potential role of the gut and locally resident bacterial microbiota in modulating responses to different cancer therapeutics to demonstrate the association between the gut or locally resident bacterial microbiota and cancer therapy. Probable mechanisms, such as metabolism, the immune response and the translocation of microbiome constituents, are discussed to promote future research into the association between the microbiome and other types of cancer. We conclude that the interaction between the host immune system and the microbiome may be the basis of the role of the microbiome in cancer therapies. Future research on the association between host immunity and the microbiome may improve the efficacy of several cancer treatments and provide insights into the cause of treatment-related side effects.