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Astragalus propinquus Schischkin and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (AS) have been clinically used as adjunctive drugs in the treatment of myocardial ischemia (MI). However, the effect and mechanism of AS on MI have yet to be fully recognized. Here, we explored the cardioprotective effect of their combined use, and the mechanism of promoting angiogenesis through pericyte recruitment. Our data revealed that AS reduced MI and protects cardiac function. AS-treated MI mice exhibited reduced ST-segment displacement and repolarization time, increased ejection fraction, and less BNP and NT-proBNP expression. Pathological studies showed that, AS reduced the area of infarcted myocardium and slowed down the progress of cardiac remodelling and fibrosis. In addition, AS increased the content of platelet-derived growth factor receptors β (PDGFR-β), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) and angiogenesis-related proteins including vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Moreover, these botanical drugs upregulated the expression of Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), phosphorylated angiopoietin-1 receptor (p-Tie-2), focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and growth factor receptor bound protein 7 (GRB7), indicating that the cardioprotection-related angiogenesis effect was related to pericyte recruitment, which may be through Ang-1/Tie-2/FAK pathway. In summary, AS can treat MI by protecting cardiac function, attenuating cardiac pathological changes, and hindering the progression of heart failure, which is related to angiogenesis after pericyte recruitment. Therefore, AS at a certain dose can be a promising treatment for MI with broad application prospects.

Termite-associated Ophiocordyceps species remain understudied despite the high diversity of the genus. Here we describe Ophiocordyceps minuta (holotype CXAC 0026) from termites (Termitidae, Macrotermitinae) collected in Yunnan, China. Phylogenetic analyses based on nrLSU (nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA), tef1-α (translation elongation factor 1-alpha), and rpb2 (RNA polymerase II second largest subunit) sequences resolve this fungus as a distinct lineage. Notably, deep genetic divergence (65 bp in tef1-α) between the two ex-type strains of the allied O. fusiformis (BCC 93025 and BCC 93026) reveals cryptic diversity within that nominal species. Beyond the new species, a morphological assessment of termite-associated Ophiocordyceps indicates that perithecial immersion status, ascospore morphology, and conidial features are the most taxonomically valuable characters for this ecological group. These findings expand the known diversity in southwest China and underscore the importance of integrating phylogenetic data with key morphological traits for species delimitation in under-explored habitats.

Aim of Study. Myocardial infarction is the number one cause of death worldwide. Existing treatment methods such as drugs and surgery cannot completely restore the structure and function of the ischemic heart. In recent years, therapeutic angiogenesis has received gradually increasing attention due to its fundamental therapeutic advantages of improving microcirculation and restoring blood supply in ischemic areas. This article mainly reviewed the mechanism and effect of angiogenesis-promoting herbs. Methods. We conducted a literature search on the bioactive components of medicinal plants and their effects on angiogenesis after MI. We searched for articles in Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases before April 2021. Results. In this article, we summarized the mechanisms by which copper ions, microRNA, Akt1, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondria, and pericytes are involved in angiogenesis after myocardial infarction. In addition, we reviewed the angiogenic effects of natural herbal medicines such as Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Bunge, Carthamus tinctorius L., Pueraria lobata, Astragalus, Panax ginseng C.A. Mey., Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. Chen, Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl, Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC., Leonurus japonicus Houtt, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi., and Geum macrophyllum Willd. Conclusions. Some herbs have the effect of promoting angiogenesis. In the future, natural proangiogenic drugs may become candidates for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Liquid‐liquid phase separation, a process facilitating biomolecular condensate formation, plays a critical role in various pathologies, including tumorigenesis, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Dysregulated phase separation has been linked to tumor initiation and progression. However, the pathological significance of phase separation in primary tumors of mice remains largely unexplored. We constructed a series of primary liver cancer models via hydrodynamic tail vein injection and confirmed that endogenous Yes‐associated protein (YAP) formed numerous condensates in primary liver cancer of mice. Deletion, mutagenesis, and replacement assays confirmed that the formation of YAP condensates plays a critical role in the development of cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene (c‐Myc)‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma, myristoylated AKT (myr‐AKT)‐induced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and amino‐terminal missing first 90 amino acids of catenin beta 1 (ΔN90‐CTNNB1)‐induced hepatoblastoma. We found that the YAP phase separation inhibits the activation of the adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, thereby promoting the occurrence and development of primary liver cancer. Additionally, we identified that the TEA domain transcription factor 1 (TEAD1)‐derived peptide effectively disrupted YAP condensate formation, leading to AMPKα activation in vivo and inhibition of primary liver cancer progression. This study systematically confirms that YAP phase separation plays a crucial role in the progression of various primary liver cancers and further substantiates that strategic disruption of these condensates constitutes an effective treatment for primary liver cancer in vivo. This study systematically investigates the function and molecular mechanisms of YAP phase separation in multiple primary liver cancers. These findings provide novel insights into phase separation‐mediated primary liver cancer development and validate targeted disruption of this process as an effective therapeutic strategy for primary liver cancer.

Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and change of bowel habit without organic disease. A global perspective given by the World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO) points out that IBS can impact the quality of an individual’s daily life, cause socioeconomic problems and potentially impair the patient-physician relationship. It remains a problem to treat IBS due to the complicated pathophysiology. Acupuncture is an alternative therapy recommended for IBS. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for patients with IBS. We also want to explore the correlation between IBS-gene subtypes and acupuncture effect. Methods/design A multicenter randomized controlled trial will be performed in seven hospitals. Six hundred participants will be stratified into two strata (IBS-C or IBS-D). Then, patients within each stratum will be divided into an experimental group and a control group randomly. The experimental group is treated with acupuncture while the control group is treated with Western medicine. All the patients will receive a 6-week treatment and a 3-month follow-up. The primary outcome is the IBS-Symptom Severity Score (IBS-SSS), the secondary outcome is the score of the IBS-Quality of Life (IBS-QoL).The correlation between IBS-gene subtypes and acupuncture effect will be detected based on polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Outcome measures (including primary and secondary outcome measures) are collected at baseline,1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks of the intervention, and 12 weeks after the intervention. Discussion This is a multicenter randomized controlled trial for IBS in China. It may clarify the efficacy of acupuncture as an alternative therapy for IBS. This is the first time ever that the potential mechanism of IBS based on genomics has been investigated. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trials Register, ID: ChiCTR-IOR-15006259 . First registered on 14 April 2015.

Verticillium wilt of cotton is a severe soil-borne disease caused by Verticillium dahliae worldwide. Phytotoxin of V. dahliae (VD-toxin) plays a crucial role in inducing the wilt syndrome in cotton. In this study, spores of four antagonistic isolates were used in the form of powdered biocontrol agent (BCA) to protect cotton from the toxic and wilting effect of VD-toxin. The application of powdered Streptomyces BCA to soil at the time of sowing considerably enhanced defense-related enzyme activities and increased ortho-dihydric phenol and lignin contents in cotton plants after 6 week cultivation in a greenhouse. Compared to the control treatment, Streptomyces BCA treatment severely enhanced defense-related responses in cotton plants within 24 h post-VD-toxin treatment, which further decreased the accumulation of malondialdehyde and mitigated the losses of root activity, leaf total chlorophyll content, and leaf water content. Ultimately, the Streptomyces BCA treatment weakened the pathogenic effect of VD-toxin on cotton and reduced Verticillium wilt by 20.5% to 68.2% at 72 h. These results indicate that the induction of systemic disease resistance and the reduction of VD-toxin’s pathogenic effect are two important mechanisms of antagonistic Streptomyces BCA for biocontrol of Verticillium wilt of cotton.

[Purpose] In GPS/INS integrated navigation, which is widely used in high precision of the real-time navigation, the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) has become one of the most widely used algorithms. Unfortunately, the EKF is based on a sub-optimal implementation of the recursive Bayesian estimation framework applied to Gaussian random variables. This can seriously affect the accuracy or even lead to divergence of the system. In order to improve the accuracy, we apply the Unscented Transformation to GPS/INS integrated navigation. [Method] This paper optimizes GPS/INS integrated navigation by applying the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) algorithm which is based on the Unscented Transformation. [Results] The experimental results show that the UKF has an error reduction of over 10% in every estimator relative to the EKF. [Conclusions] Consequently, the UKF is an effective algorithm to improve the accuracy of GPS/INS integrated navigation.

为探明施用生物质炭对风沙土土壤呼吸及其组分的影响，在新疆石河子121团，以单施化肥（T0）为对照，探究了一次施加15.75（T1）、31.50（T2）、63.00 t·hm-2（T3）和126.00 t·hm-2（T4）生物质炭5年后农田风沙土土壤呼吸组分特征及其影响因素。结果表明：风沙土土壤呼吸与异养呼吸日动态均呈单峰曲线，峰值出现在13：00左右；T4处理日平均呼吸速率为2.74 μmol·m-2·s-1，显著高于其他处理（P<0.05）；生物质炭显著改变了土壤异养呼吸，对自养呼吸无显著影响。土壤呼吸速率随生物质炭施用量的增加显著增加，随玉米生育期的推进而降低。土壤呼吸速率与土层5、10、15 cm温度显著相关，与土壤含水率无显著相关性；土壤呼吸温度敏感性随生物质炭施用量的增加而增强。综上，生物质炭通过改变绿洲农田风沙土土壤异养呼吸进而改变总呼吸，增强了土壤呼吸的温度敏感性，促进了土壤CO2排放。A field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of biochar application on changes in soil respiration component characteristics and influencing factors in the Shihezi 121st group, Xinjiang, five years after the treatment. Five treatments were applied, namely a single application of chemical fertilizer(T0)and applications of 15.75(T1), 31.50(T2), 63.00 t·hm-2(T3), and 126.00 t·hm-2 (T4)of biochar. The diurnal dynamics of soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration in sandy soil showed a single peak curve, with the peak value appearing at approximately 13:00. The daily average respiration rate of the T

Design a new type of electro-hydraulic servo control system of oil film in hydrostatic center frame, regulate and control oil film thickness adopting various controllable oil chambers, build mathematical models of control system and carry on system model identification and verification. Propose a control strategy about fuzzy sliding model variable structure, and it is applied in the model achieved by identification, adopt the method of fuzzy control system approximating equivalent control and design switching controller based on fuzzy control gain dynamic regulation, which could inhabit buffeting existing in sliding model variable structure control. Simulation results show that the controller can’t only effectively inhabit buffeting and reduce steady-state error, but also has strong robustness for structure parameter uncertainty.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the compatibility of Calycosin and Tanshinone IIA on dysfunction of rat renal artery endothelial cells (RRAECs) induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. We utilized cell culture to optimize Calycosin and Tanshinone IIA concentrations and assessed autophagy, apoptosis, ATP levels, and cell migration using MDC staining, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, ATP assay, and Transwell assays, respectively. RNA-seq identified differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs, which were validated by qRT-PCR. The compatibility of Calycosin and Tanshinone IIA significantly enhanced the proliferative capacity of Ang II-induced RRAECs, increased autophagosome formation, reduced cell apoptosis, elevated ATP production, and enhanced cell migration ability. RNA sequencing analysis revealed 146 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 43 differentially expressed mRNAs, and co-expression network analysis identified interactions between 28 lncRNAs and 7 mRNAs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that these differentially expressed mRNAs were primarily involved in the regulation of ATPase activity and metabolic processes related to serine family amino acids, triglycerides, arachidonic acid, etc., as well as the MAPK signaling pathway. The compatibility of Calycosin and Tanshinone IIA improved Ang II-induced dysfunction in RRAECs by modulating the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network, providing new molecular targets and therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of hypertensive renal damage.